Linux Introduction (for Raspberry Pi Course)

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speakerdeck.com/ uranusjr

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Agenda • Introduction • The shell • Git • Linux topics • Writing code • Python basics • Python in shell • Extensions

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Introduction to Linux

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Me • Call me TP • https://uranusjr.com • Python, C++, OS X, iOS, Web • Tutorials and courses • Speaker • Django Girls Taipei 

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Quick Polls • Something “not Windows” • Command line interface • Plain text editors • Programming

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Prompt

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pi@raspberrypi:~$

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pi@raspberrypi:~$ ⢪欽罏

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pi@raspberrypi:~$ ⚺堣せ珕

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pi@raspberrypi:~$ 騟䖜

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Shell • Core — Shell — User • Command line interface • Bash (Bourne-Again Shell)

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$ pwd /home/pi

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$ mkdir bedroom

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$ ls bedroom Desktop

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$ touch table

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$ ls bedroom Desktop table

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$ cd bedroom $ pwd 剙곎爙➊랁

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$ mkdir closet

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銲䙥랁鹌Ⰵ closet

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$ cd closet

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$ cd ../.. 植㖈➂㖈ㆬ酬♶銲⡲䒦

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穩㼨騟䖜 /home/pi/bedroom/closet 湱㼨騟䖜 bedroom/closet

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.. = 㢩꬗

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現在位置（.） /home/pi/bedroom/closet 外面兩層（../..） /home/pi

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$ cd ~ $ cp -‐r bedroom guest-‐room $ ls 剙⳿植➊랁

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$ cd guest-‐room 酬꬗僽やㄤ bedroom ♧垺剣♧ ⦐ closet銲䙥랁墝叆

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拷貝一樣東西 cp something 拷貝一樣東西，以及裡面的所有東西 cp -r something

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拷貝一樣東西 cp something 拷貝一樣東西，以及裡面的所有東西 cp -r something չ⿭侶պ䧴չ䒷侶պ

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$ man cp ... -‐R, -‐r, -‐-‐recursive copy directories recursively

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$ cd .. 鸍垺剙ⵋㆬ酬

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$ mv guest-‐room living-‐room $ ls 剙⳿植➊랁

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$ mv living-‐room/closet bedroom/closet2 鸍⦐䭷⟀⨞✪➊랁✲䞔

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$ rm ~/table $ rm -‐r ~/bedroom $ rm -‐r ~/living-‐room 敮嫅։

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The File System • The root directory • Other partitions are “mounted” • Things have their places • Names are case-sensitive

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/ ├── bin ├── dev ├── etc ├── home │ └── pi ├── lib ├── media ├── opt ├── root ├── tmp ├── usr └── var

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Permissions • Essential for Un*x systems • Owner, group, others • Read, write, execute

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$ groups pi adm dialout cdrom sudo audio video plugdev games users netdev gpio i2c spi input

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$ groups pi pi : pi adm dialout cdrom sudo audio video plugdev games users netdev input spi i2c gpio

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$ cd /var $ ls -‐l total 102436 drwxr-‐xr-‐x 8 root root Aug 16 05:17 log drwxrwsr-‐x 2 root mail May 6 22:12 mail -‐rw-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐ 1 root root May 6 23:29 swap drwxrwxrwt 2 root root Jan 11 2015 tmp

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奚ꣳ垦硹䠑纏 r 隡《 w 㻨Ⰵ x 㛂遤鹎Ⰵ湡ꏗ s ⟃暶㹁魨⟨㛂遤 t ⫦乩剤罏〳ⵅꤑ荈䊹涸墂呪

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奚ꣳ垦硹䠑纏 r 隡《 w 㻨Ⰵ x 㛂遤鹎Ⰵ湡ꏗ s ⟃暶㹁魨⟨㛂遤 t ⫦乩剤罏〳ⵅꤑ荈䊹涸墂呪

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The Superuser • “root” • Can do anything • Log-in disabled by default

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/ ├── bin ├── dev ├── etc ├── home │ └── pi ├── lib ├── media ├── opt ├── root ├── tmp ├── usr └── var Superuser’s home directory!

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sudo • “superuser do” • Run a command as superuser • Requires the sudo group

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$ groups pi pi : pi adm dialout cdrom sudo audio video plugdev games users netdev input spi i2c gpio

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$ whoami pi $ sudo whoami root

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Package Manager • APT = Advance package Tool • apt-get • apt-cache

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$ sudo apt-‐get update $ sudo apt-‐get install git

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Git Basics

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$ cd ~ $ git clone https://github.com/raspberrypi-‐ tw/workshop.git $ cd workshop/gpio-‐tutorial-‐03/02_2-‐ led_blink/led_blink.py $ ls led.py

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$ python led.py

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HJUDMPOF 䭡頺♧⦐(JU墂呪䏨 HJUBEE墂呪䪾墂呪⸈Ⰵ墂呪䏨 HJUBEE〳⟃♧妄⸈Ⰵ鿈墂呪 HJUDPNNJUN鏽鎹 ⸈Ⰵ♧⦐晝劥 HJUTUBUVT 叆溏湡⵹涸墂呪䏨朜䢀 HJUEJ 叆溏湡⵹墂呪䏨ㄤ♳⦐晝劥⛓꟦涸䊴殯 HJUMPH 叆溏晝劥鎹ꏗ HJUQVTI 㼟劥㖒墂呪䏨♳⫄荛黇畮 HJUQVMM 刿倞劥㖒Ⰹ㺂

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How a Linux OS Boots

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Boot Sequence • Load the kernel (details omitted) • Prepare the system • Start services • Run custom startup hooks • User log in

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Boot Sequence • Load the kernel (details omitted) • Prepare the system • Start services • Run custom startup hooks • User log in

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Run Levels ꡠ堥㋲➃笞隌垸䒭搂/'4㢵➃垸䒭㸤侮㢵➃垸䒭 ⥃殆㕮䕎➝꬗ ꅾꟚ堥

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$ ls -‐d /etc/rc* /etc/rc0.d /etc/rc1.d /etc/rc2.d /etc/rc3.d /etc/rc4.d /etc/rc5.d /etc/rc6.d /etc/rc.local /etc/rcS.d

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$ ls -‐d /etc/rc* /etc/rc0.d /etc/rc1.d /etc/rc2.d /etc/rc3.d /etc/rc4.d /etc/rc5.d /etc/rc6.d /etc/rc.local /etc/rcS.d

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raspberrypi login:

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$ ls -‐A ~ .bashrc .bash_logout .bash_profile .profile $ ls -‐d /etc/profile* /etc/profile /etc/profile.d

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Summary • Startup • Run levels • Single-user and multi-user mode • Login shells and non-login shells

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$ nano

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^R ➿邌 Control

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倰ぢ꒳ 獵⹛康垦 1H6Q 1H%O )PNF &OE 獵⹛康垦 ^O 㶸墂 ^R Ꟛ㉬墂呪 ^X 鷎ⴀ剚鑉㉏僽や⮭㶸墂呪 ^W 䵃㼦 ^K 䭡頺♧遤俒㶶 ^U 顦♳⛓⵹䭡頺涸俒㶶

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Demo

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Error writing /etc/hosts: Permission denied

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Demo

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Try it!

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$ cd ~ $ git clone https://github.com/serialhex/ nano-‐highlight.git .nano $ nano .nanorc

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include "~/.nano/python.nanorc" set tabsize 4 set tabstospaces