Slide 1
Slide 1 text
ଟ૬ܕɺ
ਪɺ
Ruby দຊफଠ
@soutaro
Slide 2
Slide 2 text
No content
Slide 3
Slide 3 text
No content
Slide 4
Slide 4 text
ܕॻ͖ͨ͘ͳ͍
Slide 5
Slide 5 text
ܕॻ͖ͨ͘ͳ͍
Duck Typingʹͳ͍ͬͯͯཉ͍͠
Slide 6
Slide 6 text
ܕॻ͖ͨ͘ͳ͍
Duck Typingʹͳ͍ͬͯͯཉ͍͠
ܕਪ
Slide 7
Slide 7 text
ܕॻ͖ͨ͘ͳ͍
Duck Typingʹͳ͍ͬͯͯཉ͍͠
ܕਪ
typo͙Β͍࣮ߦ͠ͳͯ͘ൃݟ͍ͨ͠
Slide 8
Slide 8 text
ܕॻ͖ͨ͘ͳ͍
Duck Typingʹͳ͍ͬͯͯཉ͍͠
ܕਪ
typo͙Β͍࣮ߦ͠ͳͯ͘ൃݟ͍ͨ͠
ܕઈରʹॻ͖ͨ͘ͳ͍
Slide 9
Slide 9 text
ܕॻ͖ͨ͘ͳ͍
Duck Typingʹͳ͍ͬͯͯཉ͍͠
ܕਪ
typo͙Β͍࣮ߦ͠ͳͯ͘ൃݟ͍ͨ͠
ܕઈରʹॻ͖ͨ͘ͳ͍
Gradual Typing
Slide 10
Slide 10 text
ͳΜ͔ྑ͍ײ͡ʹܕ͕͍ͭͨ
Ruby͕ཉ͍͠
ܕॻ͖ͨ͘ͳ͍
Duck Typingʹͳ͍ͬͯͯཉ͍͠
ܕਪ
typo͙Β͍࣮ߦ͠ͳͯ͘ൃݟ͍ͨ͠
ܕઈରʹॻ͖ͨ͘ͳ͍
Gradual Typing
Slide 11
Slide 11 text
զʑ͕ཉ͍͠ͷ
ͳΜ͔ྑ͍ײ͡ʹܕ͕͍ͭͨRuby͕ཉ͍͠
ύϥϝʔλଟ૬ߏతͳ෦ܕଟ૬
શͳܕਪRuby
Slide 12
Slide 12 text
ଟ૬ܕ
w ύϥϝʔλଟ૬Parametric Polymorphism
w ෦ܕଟ૬Subtyping Polymorphism
w ΞυϗοΫଟ૬Ad-hoc Polymorphism
จ຺ʹԠͯ͡ɺҰఆͷ੍ݶͷݩͰɺ
ࣜʹ͍Ζ͍ΖͳܕΛ༩͑Δ
Slide 13
Slide 13 text
෦ܕଟ૬
w ෦ܕ
“String is a Object”
interface X {
void f(Object x);
}
X x = …;
x.f("Ruby");
x.f(new ArrayList());
Slide 14
Slide 14 text
෦ܕଟ૬
w ෦ܕ
“String is a Object”
interface X {
void f(Object x);
}
X x = …;
x.f("Ruby");
x.f(new ArrayList());
ҾͷܕString
Slide 15
Slide 15 text
෦ܕଟ૬
w ෦ܕ
“String is a Object”
interface X {
void f(Object x);
}
X x = …;
x.f("Ruby");
x.f(new ArrayList());
ҾͷܕString
ҾͷܕArrayList
Slide 16
Slide 16 text
໊લతɾߏత
w ໊લతNominal
ΫϥεఆٛͰએݴͯ͠෦ܕؔΛఆٛ
w ߏతStructual
ϝιουఆٛͷแؚؔͰ෦ܕؔΛఆٛʢΑΓ
ॊೈʣ
Slide 17
Slide 17 text
ܕਪ
w ʢશͳʣܕਪ
w ϩʔΧϧܕਪ
Slide 18
Slide 18 text
ʢશͳʣܕਪ
[Milner, 1978]
w શ͘ܕΛॻ͔ͳͯ͘ྑ͍
ʢܕਪͷશੑCompletenessʣ
w ϓϩάϥϛϯάݴޠͷ੍͕େ͖͍ʢMLʣ
# let has_even_leaf tree =
exists_leaf (fun n -> n mod 2 = 0) tree;;
val has_even_leaf : tree -> bool =
Slide 19
Slide 19 text
ϩʔΧϧܕਪ
[Pierce, 1997]
w ϩʔΧϧมͷܕॻ͔ͳͯ͘ྑ͍
ϝιουͱ͔ͷܕॻ͘ɻ
w ͍ΖΜͳϓϩάϥϛϯάݴޠʹಋೖͰ͖Δ
ʢScala/Swift/C#/C++ʣ
func greet(person: String) -> String {
let greeting = "Hello, " + person + "!"
return greeting
}
Slide 20
Slide 20 text
ϩʔΧϧܕਪ
[Pierce, 1997]
w ϩʔΧϧมͷܕॻ͔ͳͯ͘ྑ͍
ϝιουͱ͔ͷܕॻ͘ɻ
w ͍ΖΜͳϓϩάϥϛϯάݴޠʹಋೖͰ͖Δ
ʢScala/Swift/C#/C++ʣ
func greet(person: String) -> String {
let greeting = "Hello, " + person + "!"
return greeting
} greetingͷܕਪ͞ΕΔ
Slide 21
Slide 21 text
ϩʔΧϧܕਪ
[Pierce, 1997]
w ϩʔΧϧมͷܕॻ͔ͳͯ͘ྑ͍
ϝιουͱ͔ͷܕॻ͘ɻ
w ͍ΖΜͳϓϩάϥϛϯάݴޠʹಋೖͰ͖Δ
ʢScala/Swift/C#/C++ʣ
func greet(person: String) -> String {
let greeting = "Hello, " + person + "!"
return greeting
} greetingͷܕਪ͞ΕΔ
ؔͷܕॻ͘
Slide 22
Slide 22 text
զʑ͕ཉ͍͠ͷ
ύϥϝʔλଟ૬ߏతͳ෦ܕଟ૬
શͳܕਪRuby
ͳΜ͔ྑ͍ײ͡ʹܕ͕͍ͭͨRuby͕ཉ͍͠
Slide 23
Slide 23 text
OCamlͳΜ͔͍ۙͷͰ
ύϥϝʔλଟ૬ߏతͳ෦ܕଟ૬
શͳܕਪRuby
# let f x = print_string x#to_s;;
val f : < to_s : string; .. >
-> unit =
Slide 24
Slide 24 text
OCamlͳΜ͔͍ۙͷͰ
ύϥϝʔλଟ૬ߏతͳ෦ܕଟ૬
શͳܕਪRuby
# let f x = print_string x#to_s;;
val f : < to_s : string; .. >
-> unit =
#Ͱϝιουݺͼग़͠
Slide 25
Slide 25 text
OCamlͳΜ͔͍ۙͷͰ
ύϥϝʔλଟ૬ߏతͳ෦ܕଟ૬
શͳܕਪRuby
# let f x = print_string x#to_s;;
val f : < to_s : string; .. >
-> unit =
to_sͱ͍͏ϝιου͕͋ΕͳΜͰ͍͍
#Ͱϝιουݺͼग़͠
Slide 26
Slide 26 text
OCamlͰμϝͳͱ͜Ζ
w OCamlΦϒδΣΫτͷपΓͰܕΛॻ͘ඞཁ͕
͋Δ
w OCamlͰॻ͚ͳ͍ϝιου
w Array#map
String#split
Slide 27
Slide 27 text
զʑ͕ཉ͍͠ͷ
w ·ʔແཧ
ͳʹ͔ΛఘΊͳ͍ͱ͍͚ͳ͍ɻ
ύϥϝʔλଟ૬ߏతͳ෦ܕଟ૬
શͳܕਪRuby
Slide 28
Slide 28 text
զʑ͕ཉ͍͠ͷ
ύϥϝʔλଟ૬ߏతͳ෦ܕଟ૬
શͳܕਪRuby
Slide 29
Slide 29 text
զʑ͕ཉ͍͠ͷ
RubyͷػೳΛ੍ݶ͍ͯͬͯ͠ɺܕਪͰ͖
ΔΑ͏ʹͳΒͳ͍͔ʁʁ
ύϥϝʔλଟ૬ߏతͳ෦ܕଟ૬
શͳܕਪRuby
Slide 30
Slide 30 text
eval
w ແཧ
w evalͷฦΓͷܕanyΈ͍ͨͳܕʹͯ͠͠·͑
͍͍ͷͰʢGradual Typing [Siek and Taha, 2006]ʣ
eval(gets)
Slide 31
Slide 31 text
ActiveRecord
w DBʹଓ͠ͳ͍ͱΞτϦϏϡʔτ͕Θ͔Βͳ͍
w anyͰͳΜͱ͔͠Α͏
class Person < ApplicationRecord
belongs_to :group
has_many :contacts
end
Slide 32
Slide 32 text
ϝλϓϩάϥϛϯά
define_method(:name=) do |x|
@attributes[:name] = x
end
Slide 33
Slide 33 text
ϝλϓϩάϥϛϯά
class Location
attr_reader :line
attr_reader :column
end
Slide 34
Slide 34 text
require
w require͕࣮ߦ͞ΕΔॠؒ·ͰͲͷϓϩάϥϜ͕ಡ·
ΕΔ͔Θ͔Βͳ͍
w requireϝιουͳͷͰɺ࠶ఆٛͰ͖Δ͠ɺͲ͜
ʹͰॻ͚Δ͠ɺҾʹ͕ࣜॻ͚Δ
w $LOAD_PATH͋ΔΑʂ
w requireΛߏจʹͯ͠จࣈྻ͔͠ड͚औΕͳ͍ˍτο
ϓϨϕϧʹ͔͠ॻ͚ͳ͍Α͏ʹ͢Εྑ͍ͷͰ
Slide 35
Slide 35 text
RubyGems
⚰Bundler
Slide 36
Slide 36 text
RubyΛ੍ݶͯ͠͏·͍͔͘ͳ͍
w ଞʹ͕͋Γɺݱ࣮తͳ੍ݶ͕ݟ͚ͭΒΕͳ͍
ʢࠓޙɺݟ͔ͭΔ͔͠Εͳ͍ʣ
w ܕΛॻ͔ͳ͍લఏͰɺҰճanyʹࣦΘΕͨܕใ
ΛऔΓ͢ํ๏͕ͳ͍
Slide 37
Slide 37 text
զʑ͕ཉ͍͠ͷ
ύϥϝʔλଟ૬ߏతͳ෦ܕଟ૬
શͳܕਪRuby
Slide 38
Slide 38 text
͝ఏҊ
w ߏతͳ෦ܕଟ૬ϩʔΧϧܕਪGradual Typing
w ʢΘΓͱʣDuck TypingͰ͖ΔͷͰخ͍͠
w ॻ͔ͳͯ͘ྑ͍ܕॻ͔ͳ͍
w ܕ͕ॻ͍ͯͳ͍ͱ͖ࠓͷRubyͱಉ͡
w ܕͷͨΊͷݴޠRubyͱผ
requireͱ͔ΦʔϓϯΫϥεͱ͔ϝλϓϩάϥϛϯάͱ
͔ߟ͑ͳ͍ɻ
Slide 39
Slide 39 text
͍͍ͩͨTypeScript
Slide 40
Slide 40 text
# group.rbi
interface String
def gsub: (Regexp, String) -> String
end
interface IGroup
def people: ActiveRecord.Association
end
interface IPerson
def email: String
end
# foo_controller.rb
group: IGroup = Group.create!(name: name)
person = group.people.new
escaped = person.email.map {|x| … }
Slide 41
Slide 41 text
# group.rbi
interface String
def gsub: (Regexp, String) -> String
end
interface IGroup
def people: ActiveRecord.Association
end
interface IPerson
def email: String
end
# foo_controller.rb
group: IGroup = Group.create!(name: name)
person = group.people.new
escaped = person.email.map {|x| … }
ผͷϑΝΠϧͰɺΠϯλʔϑΣΠεΛએݴ͢Δ
Slide 42
Slide 42 text
# group.rbi
interface String
def gsub: (Regexp, String) -> String
end
interface IGroup
def people: ActiveRecord.Association
end
interface IPerson
def email: String
end
# foo_controller.rb
group: IGroup = Group.create!(name: name)
person = group.people.new
escaped = person.email.map {|x| … }
ผͷϑΝΠϧͰɺΠϯλʔϑΣΠεΛએݴ͢Δ
ΠϯλϑΣʔεʹϝιουͱܕΛએݴ͢Δ
Slide 43
Slide 43 text
# group.rbi
interface String
def gsub: (Regexp, String) -> String
end
interface IGroup
def people: ActiveRecord.Association
end
interface IPerson
def email: String
end
# foo_controller.rb
group: IGroup = Group.create!(name: name)
person = group.people.new
escaped = person.email.map {|x| … }
ผͷϑΝΠϧͰɺΠϯλʔϑΣΠεΛએݴ͢Δ
ܕऍ
ΠϯλϑΣʔεʹϝιουͱܕΛએݴ͢Δ
Slide 44
Slide 44 text
# group.rbi
interface String
def gsub: (Regexp, String) -> String
end
interface IGroup
def people: ActiveRecord.Association
end
interface IPerson
def email: String
end
# foo_controller.rb
group: IGroup = Group.create!(name: name)
person = group.people.new
escaped = person.email.map {|x| … }
ผͷϑΝΠϧͰɺΠϯλʔϑΣΠεΛએݴ͢Δ
ܕऍ
ӈลͷܕ͕Θ͔ΔͷͰɺܕऍෆཁ
ΠϯλϑΣʔεʹϝιουͱܕΛએݴ͢Δ
Slide 45
Slide 45 text
# group.rbi
interface String
def gsub: (Regexp, String) -> String
end
interface IGroup
def people: ActiveRecord.Association
end
interface IPerson
def email: String
end
# foo_controller.rb
group: IGroup = Group.create!(name: name)
person = group.people.new
escaped = person.email.map {|x| … }
ผͷϑΝΠϧͰɺΠϯλʔϑΣΠεΛએݴ͢Δ
ܕऍ
ӈลͷܕ͕Θ͔ΔͷͰɺܕऍෆཁ
person.emailͷܕ͕StringͩͱΘ
͔ΔͷͰɺmap͕ͳ͍͜ͱ͕Θ͔Δ
ΠϯλϑΣʔεʹϝιουͱܕΛએݴ͢Δ
Slide 46
Slide 46 text
ܕऍ͕ͳ͚Ε͜Ε·ͰͷRubyͱಉ͡
group = Group.create!(name: name)
person = group.people.new
escaped = person.email.map {|x| … }
Slide 47
Slide 47 text
ܕऍ͕ͳ͚Ε͜Ε·ͰͷRubyͱಉ͡
group = Group.create!(name: name)
person = group.people.new
escaped = person.email.map {|x| … }
ܕऍ͕ͳ͍ͷͰશ෦anyʹͳΔԿݕࠪ͠ͳ͍
Slide 48
Slide 48 text
ܕऍ͕ͳ͚Ε͜Ε·ͰͷRubyͱಉ͡
group = Group.create!(name: name)
person = group.people.new
escaped = person.email.map {|x| … }
map͕ແ͍͜ͱ࣮ߦ࣌ʹൃ֮
ܕऍ͕ͳ͍ͷͰશ෦anyʹͳΔԿݕࠪ͠ͳ͍
Slide 49
Slide 49 text
# group.rbi
interface String
def gsub: (Regexp, String) -> String
...
end
interface IGroup
def people: ActiveRecord.Association
end
interface IPerson
def email: String
end
# foo_controller.rb
group: IGroup = Group.create!(name: name)
person = group.people.new
escaped = person.email.map {|x| … }
Slide 50
Slide 50 text
– RubyͷMatz
lܕઈରॻ͖ͨ͘ͳ͍z
Slide 51
Slide 51 text
w Group.create!ͷܕ͕GroupʹͳΔͷΘ͔Βͳ͍ͷʁ
Groupͷܕ͕Θ͔ΔͱࢥͬͯΔͷʁʁ
w ܕΛҰͭॻ͍͍ͯͳ͍ͱͳʹΘ͔Βͳ͍ͷʁʁ
ϦςϥϧͳΜ͔Θ͔Δͣɻҙ֎ͱ͍Ζ͍Ζݟ͔ͭΔͷͰɻ
w ΫϥεఆٛʹܕΛॻ͚ͳ͍ͷʁΦʔϓϯΫϥεͲ͏ͳΔͷʁ
ࠓޙͷ՝ɻΦʔϓϯΫϥεͱ0CKFDUJWF$ͷ$BUFHPSZͳΜ͔
͍ۙؾ͕͢Δɻ
w ࣮ͳ͍ͷʁ
Α͘ݟΔͱɺʢܕऍΛίϝϯτͱ͔Ͱॻ͘͜ͱʹ͢Εʣ͙͢
ʹ࣮Ͱ͖Δͳ͜Εʜʜ