Programmable Interconnect Control Adaptive to Communication Pattern of Applications େࡕେֶେֶӃ৘ใՊֶݚڀՊ ϚϧνϝσΟΞ޻ֶઐ߈Ԡ༻ϝσΟΞ޻ֶߨ࠲ ∁ڮܛஐ ೥݄೔

ং࿦ ૬ޓ݁߹໢಺ύέοτϑϩʔͷղੳπʔϧ 4%/ʹΑΔ.1*ूஂ௨৴ͷߴ଎Խ .1*௨৴ͱܭࢉͷ࿈܎ػߏ ݁࿦ શମߏ੒

ষং࿦

ߴੑೳܭࢉ͸࠷ઌ୺ͷՊֶٕज़ͷݚڀ։ൃʹඞਢͷಓ۩ ‣ ࡐྉՊֶɺੜ໋Պֶɺ஍ٿՊֶɺ֩෺ཧֶͳͲଟ͘ͷ෼໺Ͱ׆༻ ‣ ΑΓେن໛ͳ໰୊Λղͨ͘Ίܭࢉੑೳ΁ͷཁٻ͸ߴ·Γଓ͚͍ͯΔ ‣ &YB'-014΁ͷ౸ୡΛ໨ࢦͯ͠ݚڀ͕ਪਐ͞Ε͍ͯΔ എܠߴੑೳܭࢉ 1IPUPCZ0BL3JEHF/BUJPOBM-BCPSBUPSZ$$#: 0SJHJOBMIUUQTXXXqJDLSDPNQIPUPTPBLSJEHFMBC ং࿦

ۙ೥ͷߴੑೳܭࢉγεςϜͷଟ͘͸ΫϥελΞʔΩςΫνϟʹجͮ͘ ‣ Ϋϥελ͸૬ޓ݁߹໢ʹΑΓ઀ଓ͞Εͨଟ਺ͷܭࢉػ͔Βߏ੒ ‣ ֤ܭࢉػ͸૬ޓ݁߹໢Λհͯ͠σʔλΛަ׵͠ͳ͕Βฒྻܭࢉ ૬ޓ݁߹໢ͷ௨৴ੑೳͷॏཁੑ 0 1 2 3 4 5 ૬ޓ݁߹໢ ߴੑೳωοτϫʔΫ ܭࢉػ ૬ޓ݁߹໢Λհͨ͠௨৴ ϓϩηε ং࿦ 5PQ +VOF ͷ ΞʔΩςΫνϟ಺༁ $MVTUFS .11 ૬ޓ݁߹໢ͷ௨৴ੑೳ͸Ϋϥελ શମͷܭࢉੑೳΛେ͖͘ࠨӈ͢Δ

ूஂ௨৴ ʜ ର௨৴ )1$޲͚ϓϩηεؒ௨৴ϥΠϒϥϦ ‣ ϓϩηε͸/8ΞυϨεͷ୅ΘΓʹ ϥϯΫ ϓϩηε*% ʹΑͬͯࣝผ ‣ ฒྻϓϩάϥϛϯάʹ༗༻ͳ ର௨৴ͱूஂ௨৴Λఏڙ .FTTBHF1BTTJOH*OUFSGBDF .1* 0 1 4FOE *TFOE 3FDW *SFDW 0 2 3 1 #DBTU 1 2 3 0 3FEVDF 2 3 0 1 "MMUPBMM 5$1*1 .1*ϥΠϒϥϦ ΞϓϦέʔγϣϯ 4PDLFU 7FSCT 14. .1* *OpOJ#BOE 0NOJ1BUI ং࿦ ϓϩηε ϓϩηε

໰୊ݻఆతͳ૬ޓ݁߹໢ ϓϩηεؒ௨৴ͷॴཁ͕࣌ؒ૿େ͠ɺ ΞϓϦέʔγϣϯͷ࣮ޮੑೳ͕௿Լ ૬ޓ݁߹໢಺ͷϦϯΫͰ௨৴ܦ࿏ͷিಥ͕ൃੜ ૬ޓ݁߹໢ͷઃܭ ߏங࣌ʹܾఆ͠ॊೈͳมߋ͕ ࠔ೉ τϙϩδ ϧʔςΟϯά ং࿦ ϓϩηεؒ௨৴ύλʔϯ ΞϓϦέʔγϣϯ͝ͱʹҟͳΓ ࣮ߦதʹมԽ͢Δ ΞϓϦ$ 0 1 2 3 ΞϓϦ# 0 1 2 3 ΞϓϦ" 0 1 2 3

ॊೈ͔ͭಈతͳωοτϫʔΫ੍ޚΛ࣮ݱ͢Δ/8ΞʔΩςΫνϟ ‣ ैདྷͷωοτϫʔΫʹ͓͚Δ੍ޚػೳͱసૹػೳΛ෼཭ ‣ ωοτϫʔΫΛιϑτ΢ΣΞͷΑ͏ʹϓϩάϥϜՄೳʹ͢Δ ‣ 4%/ͷۀքඪ४త࣮૷͸0QFO'MPX 4PGUXBSF%FpOFE/FUXPSLJOH 4%/ ैདྷͷ/8ΞʔΩςΫνϟ 4%/ ੍ޚ ੍ޚ ੍ޚ సૹ సૹ సૹ సૹ సૹ సૹ ίϯτϩʔϥ ੍ޚ ੍ޚ ੍ޚ ং࿦

ؔ࿈ݚڀ ϓϩηε഑ஔ ϓϩηεؒ௨৴ύλʔϯ 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 ૬ޓ݁߹໢ͱ௨৴ύλʔϯΛ ҙࣝͨ͠ϓϩηε഑ஔ ૬ޓ݁߹໢ͷτϙϩδΛ ҙࣝͨ͠ूஂ௨৴ΞϧΰϦζϜ 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 ૬ޓ݁߹໢ ং࿦ ಈతมߋ ಈతมߋ ಈతมߋ ૬ޓ݁߹໢ͷϓϩάϥϚϏϦςΟΛ ׆༻ͨ͠ݚڀ͕ෆे෼

໨తϓϩάϥϚϒϧͳ૬ޓ݁߹໢੍ޚٕज़ͷ࣮ݱ ૬ޓ݁߹໢ ܭࢉػ ং࿦ ΞϓϦ" ΞϓϦ# ΞϓϦ$ 0 1 2 3 0 1 2 3 0 1 2 3 ಈత੍ޚ ΞϓϦέʔγϣϯͷϓϩηεؒ௨৴ύλʔϯΛߟྀͯ͠ύέοτ ϑϩʔΛ੍ޚ͢ΔϓϩάϥϚϒϧͳ૬ޓ݁߹໢੍ޚٕज़ͷ࣮ݱ ໨త .1*ΞϓϦέʔγϣϯ

՝୊ ং࿦ MPI_Bcast(…); for (i = 0; i < N; i++) { … } … MPI_Allreduce(…); 4SD %TU *OTUSVDUJPOT A B Output to X A C Output to Y B D Output to Z .1*ΞϓϦέʔγϣϯ ϓϩηεؒ௨৴ύλʔϯ ૬ޓ݁߹໢੍ޚ໋ྩ ՝୊૬ޓ݁߹໢಺ͷύέοτϑϩʔ ͷղੳ 0 1 2 3 4 5 0 1 2 3 4 5 ՝୊௨৴ύλʔϯΛҙࣝͨ͠૬ޓ݁߹໢ͷ ಈత੍ޚʹΑΔ௨৴ͷߴ଎Խ ՝୊ΞϓϦέʔγϣϯͷ࣮ߦͱ ૬ޓ݁߹໢ͷ੍ޚͷ࿈܎ ΞϓϦέʔγϣϯͷϓϩηεؒ௨৴ύλʔϯΛߟྀͯ͠ύέοτ ϑϩʔΛ੍ޚ͢ΔϓϩάϥϚϒϧͳ૬ޓ݁߹໢੍ޚٕज़ͷ࣮ݱ ໨త

શମߏ੒ ং࿦ ষ.1*௨৴ͱܭࢉͷ࿈܎ػߏ ௨৴ͱܭࢉ͕࿈܎ಈ࡞͢Δ৽ͨͳΫϥελΞʔΩςΫ νϟΛཱ֬ ষ4%/ʹΑΔ.1*ूஂ௨৴ͷߴ଎Խ .1*ूஂ௨৴Λߴ଎Խ͢Δύέοτϑϩʔ੍ޚΞϧΰ ϦζϜΛ഑උՄೳͳϑϨʔϜϫʔΫΛߏங ষ૬ޓ݁߹໢಺ύέοτϑϩʔͷղੳπʔϧ ΞϓϦέʔγϣϯ͕૬ޓ݁߹໢಺ʹੜ੒͢Δύέοτ ϑϩʔͷղੳखஈΛ࣮ݱ ՝୊૬ޓ݁߹໢಺ͷ ύέοτϑϩʔͷղੳ ՝୊૬ޓ݁߹໢ͷಈత ੍ޚʹΑΔ௨৴ͷߴ଎Խ ՝୊ΞϓϦͷ࣮ߦͱ ૬ޓ݁߹໢ͷ੍ޚͷ࿈܎ ΞϓϦέʔγϣϯͷϓϩηεؒ௨৴ύλʔϯΛߟྀͯ͠ύέοτ ϑϩʔΛ੍ޚ͢ΔϓϩάϥϚϒϧͳ૬ޓ݁߹໢੍ޚٕज़ͷ࣮ݱ ໨త

ষ૬ޓ݁߹໢಺ύέοτϑϩʔͷ ղੳπʔϧ ؔ࿈ۀ੷ ‣ ,FJDIJ5BLBIBTIJFUBM l1'"OBMZ[FS"5PPMTFUGPS"OBMZ[JOH"QQMJDBUJPOBXBSF%ZOBNJD *OUFSDPOOFDUTz 8PSLTIPQPO.POJUPSJOHBOE"OBMZTJTGPS)JHI1FSGPSNBODF$PNQVUJOH4ZTUFNT 1MVT"QQMJDBUJPOT )1$."41" 4FQ

શମߏ੒ ষ.1*௨৴ͱܭࢉͷ࿈܎ػߏ ௨৴ͱܭࢉ͕࿈܎ಈ࡞͢Δ৽ͨͳΫϥελΞʔΩςΫ νϟΛཱ֬ ষ4%/ʹΑΔ.1*ूஂ௨৴ͷߴ଎Խ .1*ूஂ௨৴Λߴ଎Խ͢Δύέοτϑϩʔ੍ޚΞϧΰ ϦζϜΛ഑උՄೳͳϑϨʔϜϫʔΫΛߏங ষ૬ޓ݁߹໢಺ύέοτϑϩʔͷղੳπʔϧ ΞϓϦέʔγϣϯ͕૬ޓ݁߹໢಺ʹੜ੒͢Δύέοτ ϑϩʔͷղੳखஈΛ࣮ݱ ՝୊૬ޓ݁߹໢಺ͷ ύέοτϑϩʔͷղੳ ՝୊૬ޓ݁߹໢ͷಈత ੍ޚʹΑΔ௨৴ͷߴ଎Խ ՝୊ΞϓϦͷ࣮ߦͱ ૬ޓ݁߹໢ͷ੍ޚͷ࿈܎ ΞϓϦέʔγϣϯͷϓϩηεؒ௨৴ύλʔϯΛߟྀͯ͠ύέοτ ϑϩʔΛ੍ޚ͢ΔϓϩάϥϚϒϧͳ૬ޓ݁߹໢੍ޚٕज़ͷ࣮ݱ ໨త ૬ޓ݁߹໢಺ύέοτϑϩʔͷղੳπʔϧ

ϓϩάϥϚϒϧͳ૬ޓ݁߹໢੍ޚٕज़ͷݚڀ։ൃ Ϋϥελͷߏ੒ ௨৴ύλʔϯ 0 2 1 3 δϣϒηοτ K K K K ૬ޓ݁߹໢ ߴੑೳωοτϫʔΫ ܭࢉػ ෳ߹త࡞༻ ૬ޓ݁߹໢಺ύέοτϑϩʔͷղੳπʔϧ ૬ޓ݁߹໢಺ͷύέοτϑ 0 1 2 3 ΞϓϦέʔγϣϯ͕૬ޓ݁߹໢಺ʹੜ੒͢Δ ύέοτϑϩʔͷධՁ؀ڥ͕ෆՄܽ

ষͷ໨త Ϋϥελ্ͰΞϓϦέʔγϣϯΛ࣮ߦͨ͠ࡍʹɺ૬ޓ݁߹໢಺ʹ ൃੜ͢ΔύέοτϑϩʔΛղੳ͢ΔͨΊͷධՁ؀ڥΛߏங͢Δ ໨త ௨৴ύλʔϯ Ϋϥελͷߏ੒ 0 2 1 3 K K K K ෳ߹త࡞༻ ૬ޓ݁߹໢ ߴੑೳωοτϫʔΫ ܭࢉػ δϣϒηοτ ཁ࣮݅ΞϓϦέʔγϣϯͷ௨৴ύλʔϯͷநग़ ཁ݅૬ޓ݁߹໢಺ͷύέοτϑϩʔΛߴ଎ʹਪఆ ཁ݅Ϋϥελͷϓϩηε഑ஔಛੑͷ࠶ݱ ૬ޓ݁߹໢಺ύέοτϑϩʔͷղੳπʔϧ

1'"OBMZ[FS૬ޓ݁߹໢಺ύέοτϑϩʔͷղੳπʔϧ ૬ޓ݁߹໢಺ύέοτϑϩʔͷղੳπʔϧ ཁ࣮݅ΞϓϦέʔγϣϯͷ௨৴ύλʔϯͷநग़ ཁ݅૬ޓ݁߹໢಺ͷύέοτϑϩʔΛߴ଎ʹਪఆ ཁ݅Ϋϥελͷϓϩηε഑ஔಛੑͷ࠶ݱ 1'1SPG ϓϩϑΝΠϥ .1*ؔ਺ʹΑͬͯൃੜͨ͠ϓϩηε ؒ௨৴Λܭଌɾه࿥͢ΔͨΊͷࡉཻ౓.1*ϓϩϑΝΠϥ 1'4JN γϛϡϨʔλ ಈత੍ޚ͞Εͨ૬ޓ݁߹໢಺ͷ ύέοτϑϩʔΛղੳ͢ΔͨΊͷܰྔγϛϡϨʔλ

ूஂ௨৴Λߏ੒͢Δݸผͷର௨৴·Ͱิ଍ՄೳͳϓϩϑΝΠϥ ‣ طଘͷϓϩϑΝΠϥ͸ूஂ௨৴Λߏ੒͢Δର௨৴Λิ଍Ͱ͖ͳ͍ ‣ .1*1FSGPSNBODF3FWFBMJOH&YUFOTJPO*OUFSGBDF 1&364& Λ ࢖༻͢Δ͜ͱͰɺݸผͷର௨৴·Ͱิ଍͢Δ͜ͱΛՄೳʹ͢Δ 1'1SPGࡉཻ౓.1*ϓϩϑΝΠϥ ࣮ࡍʹ࣮ߦ͞ΕΔ௨৴ #JOPNJBM5SFF ΞϧΰϦζϜ ΞϓϦέʔγϣϯ͔Βݟͨ.1*@#DBTU ͷڍಈ ૬ޓ݁߹໢಺ύέοτϑϩʔͷղੳπʔϧ

1'4JN૬ޓ݁߹໢಺ύέοτϑϩʔγϛϡϨʔλ 0 1 2 3 4 5 ϊʔυׂ౰ ϓϩηε഑ஔ ϧʔςΟϯά K K K K ૬ޓ݁߹໢಺ͷ ύέοτϑϩʔྔ εέδϡʔϦϯά ௨৴ύλʔϯ Ϋϥελͷߏ੒ 0 2 1 3 K K K K δϣϒηοτ ૬ޓ݁߹໢಺ύέοτϑϩʔͷղੳπʔϧ ϦϓϨΠ Ϛοϐϯά ࠶ݱ ग़ྗ ೖྗ 1'4JN ग़ྗ

ධՁ࣮ݧ ߲໨ γϛϡϨʔγϣϯ৚݅ ܭࢉϊʔυ ୆ ܭίΞ τϙϩδ ஈ'BUUSFF PWFSTVCTDSJQUJPO SBUJP ௨৴ύλʔϯ /"4$( ϧʔςΟϯά %NPE, ఏҊπʔϧ͕ɺΫϥελ্ͰΞϓϦέʔγϣϯΛ࣮ߦͨ͠ࡍͷ ૬ޓ݁߹໢಺ͷύέοτϑϩʔΛਖ਼֬ʹਪఆͰ͖͍ͯΔ͔ධՁ͢Δ ໨త ௨৴ྔ͕ଟ͍ϕϯνϚʔΫ ૬ޓ݁߹໢಺ύέοτϑϩʔͷղੳπʔϧ core1 core2 edge1 edge2 edge3 edge4 ܭࢉػ܈ ૬ޓ݁߹໢

$PSFεΠον&EHFεΠονؒͷύέοτϑϩʔͷྦྷੵྔΛγϛϡ Ϩʔγϣϯͱ࣮ଌ஋Ͱൺֱ ‣ ޡࠩ͸࠷େͰ͋Γɺਖ਼֬ʹύέοτϑϩʔྔΛਪఆͰ͖͍ͯΔ DPSFˠ FEHF DPSFˠ FEHF DPSFˠ FEHF DPSFˠ FEHF DPSFˠ FEHF DPSFˠ FEHF DPSFˠ FEHF DPSFˠ FEHF FEHFˠ DPSF FEHFˠ DPSF FEHFˠ DPSF FEHFˠ DPSF FEHFˠ DPSF FEHFˠ DPSF FEHFˠ DPSF FEHFˠ DPSF ࣮ଌ஋ γϛϡϨʔγϣϯ ධՁ݁Ռ ࠷େޡࠩ ૬ޓ݁߹໢಺ύέοτϑϩʔͷղੳπʔϧ ૬ޓ݁߹໢ ܭࢉػ܈ DPSF DPSF FEHF FEHF FEHF FEHF

૬ޓ݁߹໢಺ύέοτϑϩʔͷղੳπʔϧΛఏҊ ‣ ଟ༷ͳ৚݅ԼͰΞϓϦέʔγϣϯΛ࣮ߦͨ͠ࡍͷ૬ޓ݁߹໢಺ͷ ύέοτϑϩʔྔΛৄࡉʹղੳՄೳ ఏҊπʔϧ͕ύέοτϑϩʔྔΛਖ਼֬ʹਪఆͰ͖͍ͯΔ͔ݕূ ‣ ࣮ଌ஋ͱൺֱ͠ޡࠩ͸࠷େͰ͋Γɺਖ਼֬ʹύέοτϑϩʔྔΛ ਪఆͰ͖͍ͯͨ ষͷ·ͱΊ ଟ༷ͳΞϓϦέʔγϣϯͱΫϥελߏ੒ͷԼʹ͓͚Δ૬ޓ݁߹໢಺ ύέοτϑϩʔͷղੳखஈΛ࣮ݱ ߩݙ ૬ޓ݁߹໢಺ύέοτϑϩʔͷղੳπʔϧ

ষ4%/ʹΑΔ.1*ूஂ௨৴ͷߴ଎Խ ؔ࿈ۀ੷ ‣ ,FJDIJ5BLBIBTIJFUBM l1FSGPSNBODF&WBMVBUJPOPG4%/FOIBODFE.1*@"MMSFEVDFPOB$MVTUFS 4ZTUFNXJUI'BUUSFF*OUFSDPOOFDUz 5IF*OUFSOBUJPOBM$POGFSFODFPO)JHI1FSGPSNBODF$PNQVUJOH BOE4JNVMBUJPOT )1$4 +VM

શମߏ੒ ষ.1*௨৴ͱܭࢉͷ࿈܎ػߏ ௨৴ͱܭࢉ͕࿈܎ಈ࡞͢Δ৽ͨͳΫϥελΞʔΩςΫ νϟΛཱ֬ ষ4%/ʹΑΔ.1*ूஂ௨৴ͷߴ଎Խ .1*ूஂ௨৴Λߴ଎Խ͢Δύέοτϑϩʔ੍ޚΞϧΰ ϦζϜΛ഑උՄೳͳϑϨʔϜϫʔΫΛߏங ষ૬ޓ݁߹໢಺ύέοτϑϩʔͷղੳπʔϧ ΞϓϦέʔγϣϯ͕૬ޓ݁߹໢಺ʹੜ੒͢Δύέοτ ϑϩʔͷղੳखஈΛ࣮ݱ ՝୊૬ޓ݁߹໢಺ͷ ύέοτϑϩʔͷղੳ ՝୊૬ޓ݁߹໢ͷಈత ੍ޚʹΑΔ௨৴ͷߴ଎Խ ՝୊ΞϓϦͷ࣮ߦͱ ૬ޓ݁߹໢ͷ੍ޚͷ࿈܎ ΞϓϦέʔγϣϯͷϓϩηεؒ௨৴ύλʔϯΛߟྀͯ͠ύέοτ ϑϩʔΛ੍ޚ͢ΔϓϩάϥϚϒϧͳ૬ޓ݁߹໢੍ޚٕज़ͷ࣮ݱ ໨త 4%/ʹΑΔ.1*ूஂ௨৴ͷߴ଎Խ

ूஂ௨৴Ͱ͸ଟ਺ͷܭࢉػ͕ಉ࣌ଟൃతʹ௨৴͢ΔͨΊɺ ૬ޓ݁߹໢΁ͷෛՙ͕ߴ͍ ‣ ϦϯΫʹ͓͍ͯ௨৴ܦ࿏͕িಥ͢Δͱϓϩηεؒ௨৴ੑೳ͕௿Լ ‣ Ұ෦ͷϓϩηεؒ௨৴ͷੑೳ௿Լ͕ूஂ௨৴શମͷੑೳʹӨڹ .1*ूஂ௨৴ʹ͓͚Δ௨৴ܦ࿏ͷিಥ 0 1 2 3 ௨৴ܦ࿏ͷিಥ ूஂ௨৴ͷ௨৴ύλʔϯ 4%/ʹΑΔ.1*ूஂ௨৴ͷߴ଎Խ

‣ ຊݚڀͰ͸ूஂ௨৴ͷதͰ΋࢖༻ස౓͕ߴ͍"MMSFEVDFؔ਺ʹண໨ ‣ "MMSFEVDF͸༗ݶཁૉ๏΍ਂ૚ֶशͷฒྻԽʹ͓͍ͯॏཁ ষͷ໨త .1*@"MMSFEVDF .1*@46. ૬ޓ݁߹໢಺ͷύέοτϑϩʔͷಈత੍ޚʹΑΓ௨৴ܦ࿏ͷিಥΛ ܰݮ͠ɺ.1*ूஂ௨৴Λߴ଎Խ͢ΔϑϨʔϜϫʔΫΛߏங 0 1 2 3 0 1 2 3 ໨త 4%/ʹΑΔ.1*ूஂ௨৴ͷߴ଎Խ

ఏҊͷجຊํ਑ .1*ूஂ௨৴ؔ਺ͷ௨৴ύλʔϯΛߟྀ͠ɺ૬ޓ݁߹໢಺ͷύέοτ ϑϩʔΛෛՙ෼ࢄ͢Δ͜ͱʹΑΓɺ௨৴ܦ࿏ͷিಥΛܰݮ͠௨৴Λ ߴ଎Խ 0 2 1 3 4 6 5 7 .1*ूஂ௨৴ؔ਺ͷ ௨৴ύλʔϯ ಈత੍ޚ ϦϯΫؒͷෛՙΛ෼ࢄ ೖྗ ૬ޓ݁߹໢ͷίϯτϩʔϥ 4%/ʹΑΔ.1*ूஂ௨৴ͷߴ଎Խ

4%/Λ׆༻ͨ͠.1*ूஂ௨৴ϑϨʔϜϫʔΫ ੍ޚ 4%/ίϯτϩʔϥ ܭࢉϊʔυ ૬ޓ݁߹໢ .1*ϥΠϒϥϦ .1*ΞϓϦέʔγϣϯ 4%/.1*ϥΠϒϥϦ τϙϩδݕग़ εΠον੍ޚ "MMSFEVDF #DBTU ੍ޚΞϧΰϦζϜ ֎෦*' ʜ িಥΛܰݮ͢Δ੍ޚΞϧΰϦζϜ ूஂ௨৴ͷ։࢝ ϓϩηε഑ஔ 4%/ʹΑΔ.1*ूஂ௨৴ͷߴ଎Խ

"MMSFEVDF༻ύέοτϑϩʔ੍ޚΞϧΰϦζϜ 0 2 1 3 1 3 0 1 2 3 0 2 1 3 .1*@"MMSFEVDFͷ ϓϩηεؒ௨৴ύλʔϯ ૬ޓ݁߹໢ͷτϙϩδ 0 2 .1*@"MMSFEVDFͷϓϩηεؒ௨৴ʹΑͬͯൃੜ͢Δܭࢉػؒͷ ύέοτϑϩʔΛᩦཉ๏ʹΑΓ৑௕ܦ࿏ؒʹ෼ࢄ ໨త 4%/ʹΑΔ.1*ूஂ௨৴ͷߴ଎Խ

ධՁ࣮ݧ .1*@"MMSFEVDFͷ࣮ߦ࣌ؒ ஈ'BUUSFFτϙϩδ ϊʔυ ఏҊ.1*@"MMSFEVDFͷ 0QFO.1*ʹର͢Δߴ଎Խ཰ ௨৴ύλʔϯΛߟྀͨ͠ύέοτϑϩʔ੍ޚʹΑΓɺ௨৴ܦ࿏ͷ িಥΛܰݮ͠ɺ.1*@"MMSFEVDFؔ਺Λߴ଎ԽͰ͖͔ͨධՁ͢Δ ໨త ࣮ߦ࣌ؒ ϝοηʔδαΠζ<.#> 0QFO.1* ୅දతͳ.1*࣮૷ ఏҊ ߴ଎Խ཰ ϝοηʔδαΠζ<.#> ͷߴ଎Խ 4%/ʹΑΔ.1*ूஂ௨৴ͷߴ଎Խ

4%/Λ༻͍ͨύέοτϑϩʔ੍ޚʹΑΓ.1*ूஂ௨৴Λߴ଎Խ ‣ ௨৴ύλʔϯΛߟྀ͠ɺ૬ޓ݁߹໢಺ͷύέοτϑϩʔΛ෼ࢄ͢Δ ͜ͱʹΑΓɺ௨৴ܦ࿏ͷিಥΛܰݮ ‣ ୅දతͳ.1*ूஂ௨৴ؔ਺Ͱ͋Δ.1*@"MMSFEVDFΛର৅ͱͯ͠ ϓϩτλΠϓ࣮૷Λ։ൃ ‣ ैདྷͷ.1*@"MMSFEVDFʹൺ΂ͯ࠷େͰͷߴ଎ԽΛ࣮ݱ ষͷ·ͱΊ 4%/ʹΑΔ.1*ूஂ௨৴ͷߴ଎ԽΛ֓೦࣮ূ͠ɺ ूஂ௨৴ͷߴ଎ԽͷجૅͱͳΔϑϨʔϜϫʔΫΛߏங ߩݙ 4%/ʹΑΔ.1*ूஂ௨৴ͷߴ଎Խ

ষ.1*௨৴ͱܭࢉͷ࿈܎ػߏ ؔ࿈ۀ੷ ‣ ,FJDIJ5BLBIBTIJFUBM l6OJTPO'MPX"4PGUXBSF%FpOFE$PPSEJOBUJPO.FDIBOJTNGPS.FTTBHF 1BTTJOH$PNNVOJDBUJPOBOE$PNQVUBUJPOz *&&&"DDFTT WPM OP QQ ‣ ,FJDIJ5BLBIBTIJFUBM l$PODFQUBOE%FTJHOPG4%/FOIBODFE.1*'SBNFXPSLz 5IFGPVSUI FEJUJPOPGUIF&VSPQFBO8PSLTIPQPO4PGUXBSF%FpOFE/FUXPSLT &84%/ QQ 4FQ

શମߏ੒ ষ.1*௨৴ͱܭࢉͷ࿈܎ػߏ ௨৴ͱܭࢉ͕࿈܎ಈ࡞͢Δ৽ͨͳΫϥελΞʔΩςΫ νϟΛཱ֬ ষ4%/ʹΑΔ.1*ूஂ௨৴ͷߴ଎Խ .1*ूஂ௨৴Λߴ଎Խ͢Δύέοτϑϩʔ੍ޚΞϧΰ ϦζϜΛ഑උՄೳͳϑϨʔϜϫʔΫΛߏங ষ૬ޓ݁߹໢಺ύέοτϑϩʔͷղੳπʔϧ ΞϓϦέʔγϣϯ͕૬ޓ݁߹໢಺ʹੜ੒͢Δύέοτ ϑϩʔͷղੳखஈΛ࣮ݱ ՝୊૬ޓ݁߹໢಺ͷ ύέοτϑϩʔͷղੳ ՝୊૬ޓ݁߹໢ͷಈత ੍ޚʹΑΔ௨৴ͷߴ଎Խ ՝୊ΞϓϦͷ࣮ߦͱ ૬ޓ݁߹໢ͷ੍ޚͷ࿈܎ ΞϓϦέʔγϣϯͷϓϩηεؒ௨৴ύλʔϯΛߟྀͯ͠ύέοτ ϑϩʔΛ੍ޚ͢ΔϓϩάϥϚϒϧͳ૬ޓ݁߹໢੍ޚٕज़ͷ࣮ݱ ໨త .1*௨৴ͱܭࢉͷ࿈܎ػߏ

࣮ࡍͷ)1$ΞϓϦέʔγϣϯͷ࣮ߦͷ༷ࢠ 0 1 2 3 ܭࢉ ௨৴ ϓϩηε 0 1 2 3 0 1 2 3 0 1 2 3 .1*@"MMSFEVDF ܭࢉ ௨৴ ʜ ʜ ʜ ʜ ʜ 0 1 2 3 0 1 2 3 0 1 2 3 0 1 2 3 .1*@"MMUPBMM 0 1 2 3 .1*@"MMSFEVDFͷ ௨৴ύλʔϯ 0 1 2 3 .1*@"MMUPBMMͷ ௨৴ύλʔϯ ϛϦඵͷΦʔμͰมԽ .1*௨৴ͱܭࢉͷ࿈܎ػߏ

ষͷ໨త #include int main() { MPI_Init(&argc, &argv); MPI_Bcast(buf, count, …); /* … */ MPI_Allreduce(buf, count, …); MPI_Finalize(); } ࣌ؒมԽ͢Δ ௨৴ύλʔϯ ૬ޓ݁߹໢಺ ύέοτϑϩʔͷ੍ޚ ࿈܎ ࣮ߦ ੍ޚ 4SD."$ %TU."$ ʜ *OTUSVDUJPOT aa:aa:aa: … ff:ff:ff: … Flood bb:bb:bb: … aa:aa:aa: … Output to Port X aa:aa:aa: … bb:bb:bb: … Set Dst IP to Y,… 4SD."$ %TU."$ ʜ *OTUSVDUJPOT aa:aa:aa: … ff:ff:ff: … Flood bb:bb:bb: … aa:aa:aa: … Output to Port X aa:aa:aa: … bb:bb:bb: … Set Dst IP to Y,… 4SD."$ %TU."$ ʜ *OTUSVDUJPOT aa:aa:aa: … ff:ff:ff: … Flood bb:bb:bb: … aa:aa:aa: … Output to Port X aa:aa:aa: … bb:bb:bb: … Set Dst IP to Y,… ΞϓϦέʔγϣϯͷ࣮ߦͱ૬ޓ݁߹໢಺ͷύέοτϑϩʔ੍ޚΛ ௿ΦʔόʔϔουͰ࿈܎͢Δػߏͷ࣮ݱ ໨త .1*௨৴ͱܭࢉͷ࿈܎ػߏ

࿈܎ػߏͷجຊతΞΠσΟΞ .1*ؔ਺Λ࣮ߦ͢Δ౓ʹίϯτϩʔϥ ͱ௨৴͢ΔͱΦʔόʔϔουେ .1*ͷ৘ใ ੍ޚ ίϯτϩʔϥ εΠον ܭࢉػ .1*ؔ਺ͷ৘ใΛݸʑͷ ύέοτࣗମʹλάͱͯ͠ຒΊࠐΉ .1*ύέοτ ੍ޚ .1*ͷ৘ใ .1*௨৴ͱܭࢉͷ࿈܎ػߏ

֤ύέοτʹ.1*ΤϯϕϩʔϓΛූ߸Խͯ͠λάͱͯ͠ຒΊࠐΉ ‣ εΠονͰ͸λάͷ஋ΛݩʹύέοτΛ੍ޚ ‣ طଘͷ4%/εΠονͷύέοτॲཧύΠϓϥΠϯ͕ಡΈऔΕΔ &UIFSOFUϔομΛར༻͢Δ͜ͱͰɺ௿ΦʔόʔϔουΛ࣮ݱ λάͷ಺༰ͱຒΊࠐΉ৔ॴ 5$1 ϔομ *1 ϔομ &UIFSOFU ϔομ *1 ϔομ .1* Τϯϕϩʔϓ .1* ϝοηʔδ - - - - εΠον಺)8Ͱ ॲཧՄೳ ஗ԆЖT 4%/ίϯτϩʔϥ΁ సૹ͕ඞཁ ஗ԆNT .1* ϝοηʔδ .1* ϝοηʔδ .1* ϝοηʔδ .1* Τϯϕϩʔϓ .1* Τϯϕϩʔϓ .1* Τϯϕϩʔϓ 5$1 ϔομ 5$1 ϔομ ѼઌϥϯΫɺίϛϡχέʔ λɺूஂ௨৴ͷछྨ౳ .1*௨৴ͱܭࢉͷ࿈܎ػߏ

6OJTPO'MPXܭࢉͱ௨৴ͷ࿈܎ػߏ .1*ΞϓϦέʔγϣϯ .1*ϥΠϒϥϦ Ϣʔβۭؒ 5$1ϨΠϠ *1ϨΠϠ &UIFSOFUϨΠϠ /*$υϥΠό /*$ Χʔωϧۭؒ 4%/ίϯτϩʔϥ ੍ޚ 4PDLFU λά෇͚ -,. ΧελϜ.1*ϥΠϒϥϦ JPDUM .1* 5BH *OTUSVDUJPOT " 0VUQVUUPQPSU9 # 0VUQVUUPQPSU: ʜ ʜ 4%/ίϯτϩʔϥ ։ൃͨ͠ιϑτ΢ΣΞ .1*ύέοτ λά .1*ύέοτ .1*ύέοτ .1*௨৴ͱܭࢉͷ࿈܎ػߏ

DPSF DPSF FEHF FEHF FEHF FEHF .1*ͱ࿈܎ͨ͠૬ޓ݁߹໢ͷ੍ޚͷ֬ೝ int main() { … MPI_Allreduce(…); … MPI_Alltoall(…); … } .1*@"MMSFEVDF .1*@"MMUPBMM 0 5.0*105 1.0*106 1.5*106 2.0*106 2.5*106 3.0*106 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 Bandwidth (bps) Elapsed Time (s) core1 (port1) core2 (port41) ఏҊख๏ͳ͠ 0 5.0*105 1.0*106 1.5*106 2.0*106 2.5*106 3.0*106 3.5*106 4.0*106 4.5*106 5.0*106 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 Bandwidth (bps) Elapsed Time (s) core1 (port1) core2 (port41) ఏҊख๏͋Γ .1*@"MMSFEVDF .1*@"MMUPBMM MPI_Alltoall MPI_Allreduce ࿈܎ ࢖༻ස౓ɾ૬ޓ݁߹໢΁ͷෛՙߴ "MMSFEVDF࣮ߦத͸DPSFͷΈ࢖༻ "MMUPBMM࣮ߦத͸DPSFͷΈ࢖༻ DPSFͱ΋ʹ࢖༻ .1*௨৴ͱܭࢉͷ࿈܎ػߏ

ఏҊख๏ʹΑΓɺର௨৴ʹൃੜ͢ΔΦʔόʔϔουΛධՁ ‣ .1*ͷ֤ؔ਺ͷύϑΥʔϚϯεΛଌఆ͢Δ046.JDSP#FODINBSLΛ ༻͍ɺϊʔυؒͰͷ.1*@4FOE3FDWͷεϧʔϓοτͱ஗ԆΛܭଌ ର௨৴ͷΦʔόʔϔουͷܭଌ .1*௨৴ͱܭࢉͷ࿈܎ػߏ ஗Ԇͷൺֱ ஗Ԇ<ЖT> & & & & & ϝοηʔδαΠζ<#> & & & 6OJTPO'MPX͋Γ 6OJTPO'MPXͳ͠ εϧʔϓοτͷൺֱ εϧʔϓοτ<.#T> & & & & & & ϝοηʔδαΠζ<#> & & & 6OJTPO'MPX͋Γ 6OJTPO'MPXͳ͠

.1*௨৴ͱܭࢉͷ࿈܎ػߏΛఏҊ ‣ ࣮ΞϓϦͰ͸ϓϩηεؒ௨৴ύλʔϯ͸࣌ؒมԽ͢Δ ‣ ΞϓϦέʔγϣϯͷ࣮ߦͱɺ૬ޓ݁߹໢಺ͷύέοτϑϩʔͷ੍ޚ Λ࿈܎͢ΔػߏΛఏҊ ‣ ఏҊ͢Δػߏ͸طଘͷ4%/εΠονͰಈ࡞͠ɺΦʔόʔϔου͕ খ͍͞ ষͷ·ͱΊ ௨৴ͱܭࢉ͕ύέοτ୯ҐͰ࿈܎ಈ࡞͢Δ৽ͨͳΫϥελΞʔΩς ΫνϟΛཱ֬ ߩݙ .1*௨৴ͱܭࢉͷ࿈܎ػߏ

ষ݁࿦

ষͷ·ͱΊ ষ.1*௨৴ͱܭࢉͷ࿈܎ػߏ ௨৴ͱܭࢉ͕࿈܎ಈ࡞͢Δ৽ͨͳΫϥελΞʔΩςΫ νϟΛཱ֬ ষ4%/ʹΑΔ.1*ूஂ௨৴ͷߴ଎Խ .1*ूஂ௨৴Λߴ଎Խ͢Δύέοτϑϩʔ੍ޚΞϧΰ ϦζϜΛ഑උՄೳͳϑϨʔϜϫʔΫΛߏங ষ૬ޓ݁߹໢಺ύέοτϑϩʔͷղੳπʔϧ ΞϓϦέʔγϣϯ͕૬ޓ݁߹໢಺ʹੜ੒͢Δύέοτ ϑϩʔͷղੳखஈΛ࣮ݱ ՝୊૬ޓ݁߹໢಺ͷ ύέοτϑϩʔͷղੳ ՝୊૬ޓ݁߹໢ͷಈత ੍ޚʹΑΔ௨৴ͷߴ଎Խ ՝୊ΞϓϦͷ࣮ߦͱ ૬ޓ݁߹໢ͷ੍ޚͷ࿈܎ ΞϓϦέʔγϣϯͷϓϩηεؒ௨৴ύλʔϯΛߟྀͯ͠ύέοτ ϑϩʔΛ੍ޚ͢ΔϓϩάϥϚϒϧͳ૬ޓ݁߹໢੍ޚٕज़ͷ࣮ݱ ໨త ݁࿦

ෳ਺δϣϒͷฒྻ࣮ߦ΁ͷରԠ ‣ ෳ਺ͷδϣϒΛฒྻʹ࣮ߦ͢ΔΫϥελʹରԠ ‣ ҟͳΔδϣϒؒͷׯবΛߟྀ͢Δඞཁ͕͋Δ ύέοτϑϩʔ੍ޚΞϧΰϦζϜͷ௥Ճͱվྑ ‣ "MMSFEVDFҎ֎ͷ.1*ूஂ௨৴ؔ਺Λߴ଎Խ͢Δύέοτϑϩʔ੍ޚ ΞϧΰϦζϜΛ։ൃ কདྷ՝୊ ݁࿦

શମߏ੒ ষ.1*௨৴ͱܭࢉͷ࿈܎ػߏ ௨৴ͱܭࢉ͕࿈܎ಈ࡞͢Δ৽ͨͳΫϥελΞʔΩςΫ νϟΛཱ֬ ষ4%/ʹΑΔ.1*ूஂ௨৴ͷߴ଎Խ .1*ूஂ௨৴Λߴ଎Խ͢Δύέοτϑϩʔ੍ޚΞϧΰ ϦζϜΛ഑උՄೳͳϑϨʔϜϫʔΫΛߏங ষ૬ޓ݁߹໢಺ύέοτϑϩʔͷղੳπʔϧ ΞϓϦέʔγϣϯ͕૬ޓ݁߹໢಺ʹੜ੒͢Δύέοτ ϑϩʔͷղੳखஈΛ࣮ݱ ՝୊૬ޓ݁߹໢಺ͷ ύέοτϑϩʔͷղੳ ՝୊૬ޓ݁߹໢ͷಈత ੍ޚʹΑΔ௨৴ͷߴ଎Խ ՝୊ΞϓϦͷ࣮ߦͱ ૬ޓ݁߹໢ͷ੍ޚͷ࿈܎ ΞϓϦέʔγϣϯͷϓϩηεؒ௨৴ύλʔϯΛߟྀͯ͠ύέοτ ϑϩʔΛ੍ޚ͢ΔϓϩάϥϚϒϧͳ૬ޓ݁߹໢੍ޚٕज़ͷ࣮ݱ ໨త ݁࿦

༧උεϥΠυ

0QFO'0". ਺஋ྲྀମྗֶιϧό ͷϕϯνϚʔΫ݁Ռ ‣ ϊʔυͰ͸ɺΞϓϦέʔγϣϯશମͷ͕.1*௨৴ɺͦͷ಺ ͕.1*@"MMSFEVDFʹඅ΍͞Ε͍ͯΔ ‣ "MMSFEVDFΛߴ଎Խ͢Δͱɺ.1*௨৴ΛɺΞϓϦέʔγϣϯ શମΛߴ଎Խ .1*@"MMSFEVDFͷ࢖༻ྫ )1$"EWJTPSZ$PVODJM 0QFO'0".1FSGPSNBODF#FODINBSLBOE1SPpMJOH +VMZΑΓൈਮ

‣ Defined as a matrix T of which element Tij is equal to the volume of traffic sent from rank i to rank j ‣ Implies that the volume of traffic between processes as constant during the execution of a job Representation of Communication Pattern 0 50 100 Sender Rank 0 25 50 75 100 125 Receiver Rank 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 Sent Bytes £108 An example obtained from running the NERSC MILC benchmark with 128 processes The communication pattern of an application is represented using its traffic matrix

1'4JN"SDIJUFDUVSF Event Event Event Queue j1 j2 j3 j4 Job Submitted Event Handlers … Job Started Job Finished Job Queue Simulator State Update Interconnect Computing Nodes Event Dispatch Customized via Plugins