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AMP tries to ﬁx the web What can we learn from it? (◠‿◠✿) @stefanjudis

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Stefan Judis Frontend Developer, Occasional Teacher, Meetup Organizer ❤ Open Source, Performance and Accessibility ❤ @stefanjudis

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PERF TOOLING TODAY

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OFF WITH ITS HEAD! Contentful the headless CMS...

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CONTENT SOCKS

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6 the here and now

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SLOW LOADING PAGES 110 requests & 956KB Page size

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GOOGLE CONTINUES TO INFLUENCE SEARCH RESULTS

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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3tUmh8OfAiY

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INTERVENTIONS https://github.com/WICG/interventions

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WHAT'S DISCUSSED IN THERE? Stop dummy history fast-forwarding Ignore clicks on iframes that have moved in the last 200ms Defer image loading until they are viewable Defer iframe loading until they are viewable Lower loading priority of cross-origin iframe

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DOCUMENT.WRITE ON SLOW CONNECTIONS MAY BE BLOCKED IN FUTURE https://github.com/WICG/interventions/issues/17

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https://github.com/h5bp/html5-boilerplate/blob/master/src/index.html#L26 WATCH OUT! YOU MIGHT HAVE IT IN YOUR STACK!

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SCROLL-ANCHORING https://github.com/WICG/interventions/blob/master/scroll-anchoring/explainer.md

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15 The web is "broken"

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No content

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“For many, reading on the mobile web is a slow, clunky and frustrating experience - but it doesn’t have to be that way.” Accelerated Mobile Pages Project

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https://search.googleblog.com/2016/09/search-results-are-ofﬁcially-ampd.html SEARCH RESULTS ARE NOW OFFICIALLY AMP'D

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HOW CAN IT BE SO FAST?

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THREE MAIN PARTS AMP HTML AMP JS Google AMP Cache

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Hello World

Hello World!

GETTING STARTED HTML file

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Hello World

Hello World!

GETTING STARTED HTML file

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GETTING STARTED double the maintenance AMP HTML HTML

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body{ animation:-amp-start 8s steps(1,end) 0s 1 normal both } @keyframes -amp-start{ from{visibility:hidden} to{visibility:visible} } body{-webkit-animation:none;-moz-animation:none;-ms- animation:none;animation:none} Hello World! GETTING STARTED AMP file

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GETTING STARTED AMP file HTML TAGS CAN BE USED UNCHANGED IN AMP HTML EXCEPT IMG, SCRIPT, VIDEO, IFRAME, ... https://www.ampproject.org/docs/reference/spec

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THREE BUILTINS AMP-IMG AMP-PIXEL AMP-VIDEO

No support for HTML5

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CUSTOM MARKUP IF YOU NEED MORE ELEMENTS

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THREE BUILTINS AMP-IMG AMP-PIXEL AMP-VIDEO

No support for HTML5

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CUSTOM MARKUP // src/custom-element.js export function registerElement(win, name, implementationClass) { win.document.registerElement(name, { prototype: createAmpElementProto(win, name), }); } https://github.com/ampproject/amphtml/blob/master/src/custom-element.js#L1429-L1435 // builtins/amp-img.js export function installImg(win) { registerElement(win, 'amp-img', AmpImg); } https://github.com/ampproject/amphtml/blob/master/builtins/amp-img.js#L145-L147

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CUSTOM ELEMENTS http://w3c.github.io/webcomponents/spec/custom/

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Custom elements v0 Custom elements v1

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POLYFILL https://github.com/WebReﬂection/document-register-element WebReﬂection/document-register-element

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CUSTOM MARKUP Custom Elements v0 Custom Elements v1 var MyElement = document.registerElement( 'hey-there', { prototype: Object.create( HTMLElement.prototype, { createdCallback: { value: function() { console.log('registered'); }}, attachedCallback: { value: function() { console.log('live on DOM :-)'); }}, detachedCallback: { value: function() { console.log('leaving the DOM :-('); }}, attributeChangedCallback: {value: function( name, previousValue, value ) {}} }) } ); class HeyThere extends HTMLElement { constructor() { super(); console.log('registered'); } connectedCallback() { console.log('live on DOM :-)'); } disconnectedCallback() { console.log('leaving the DOM :-('); } attributeChangedCallback() {} } customElements.define('hey-there', HeyThere); http://codepen.io/stefanjudis/pen/ZpZzmY http://codepen.io/stefanjudis/pen/dpvyok

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CUSTOM MARKUP LIFECYCLE HTML ELEMENT createdCallback attachedCallback

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CUSTOM MARKUP upgrade ﬁrstAttachedCallback buildCallback layoutCallback viewportCallback LIFECYCLE AMP ELEMENT createdCallback LIFECYCLE HTML ELEMENT createdCallback attachedCallback

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CUSTOM MARKUP /** @override */ buildCallback() { /** @private @const {boolean} */ this.isPrerenderAllowed_ = !this.element.hasAttribute('noprerender'); } /** @override */ layoutCallback() { this.initialize_(); let promise = this.updateImageSrc_(); // We only allow to fallback on error on the initial layoutCallback // or else this would be pretty expensive. if (this.allowImgLoadFallback_) { promise = promise.catch(e => { this.onImgLoadingError_(); throw e; }); this.allowImgLoadFallback_ = false; } return promise; } https://github.com/ampproject/amphtml/blob/master/builtins/amp-img.js

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HOW TO SPEED UP? Control everything

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45 resource priority

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RESOURCE PRIORITY without preloader http://yoavweiss.github.io/preloader-velocity-nyc-talk

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RESOURCE PRIORITY with preloader http://yoavweiss.github.io/preloader-velocity-nyc-talk

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RESOURCE PRIORITY where the preloader fails

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RESOURCE PRIORITY where the preloader fails

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RESOURCE PRIORITY where the preloader fails

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RESOURCE PRIORITY the AMP runtime

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RESOURCE PRIORITY the AMP runtime

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NON CRITICAL RESOURCES GET OUT OF THE WAY RESOURCE PRIORITY the AMP runtime

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RESOURCE PRIORITY the AMP runtime class AmpPixel extends BaseElement { getPriority() { // Loads after other content. return 1; } }

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55 reflow management

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REFLOW MANAGEMENT

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REFLOW MANAGEMENT

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REFLOW MANAGEMENT EXTERNALLY FETCHED RESOURCES MUST BE GIVEN AN EXPLICIT SIZE amp-img { background-color: grey; }

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REFLOW MANAGEMENT NO REFLOWS!

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REFLOW MANAGEMENT https://www.smashingmagazine.com/2016/08/ways-to-reduce-content-shifting-on-page-load/ AVOID REFLOWS TODAY

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REFLOW MANAGEMENT https://www.smashingmagazine.com/2016/08/ways-to-reduce-content-shifting-on-page-load/ AVOID REFLOWS TODAY

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HOW TO SPEED UP? Enforce best practices

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65 inline css

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INLINE CSS https://developers.google.com/web/fundamentals/performance/critical-rendering-path/render-blocking-css AVOID RENDER BLOCKING CSS

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INLINE CSS body { color: #404040; font-family: Helmet,Freesans,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 14px; } .container { padding: 0 8px; } @media (min-width: 480px) { .container { padding: 0 16px; } } // // more things here //

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68 custom fonts

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CUSTOM FONTS @font-face { font-family: 'BioRhyme'; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; src: local('BioRhyme'), local('BioRhyme-Regular'), url(https://some.font.url/font.woff2) format('woff2'); } "traditional" approach .custom-font-bold { font-family: 'BioRhyme', Arial, sans-serif; font-weight: 700; font-style: normal; } .custom-font { font-family: 'BioRhyme', Arial, sans-serif; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; } @font-face { font-family: 'BioRhyme'; font-style: normal; font-weight: 700; src: local('BioRhyme Bold'), local('BioRhyme-Bold'), url(https://some.font.url/font-bold.woff2) format('woff2'); }

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"traditional" approach CUSTOM FONTS

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"traditional" approach CUSTOM FONTS FOIT!

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"new" approach CUSTOM FONTS https://ampbyexample.com/components/amp-font/

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"new" approach .custom-font { line-height: 1.3; letter-spacing: 2.675px; } .bio-rhyme-font-loaded .custom-font { font-family: 'BioRhyme', Arial, sans-serif; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; letter-spacing: 0; line-height: 1.25; } CUSTOM FONTS https://ampbyexample.com/components/amp-font/

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"new" approach CUSTOM FONTS ﬁxed-

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"new" approach CUSTOM FONTS ﬁxed-

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"new" approach CUSTOM FONTS ﬁxed- FOUT!

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"new" approach if (this.canUseNativeApis_()) { // Check if font already exists. if (this.document_.fonts.check(fontString)) { resolve(); } else { // Load font with native api if supported. this.document_.fonts.load(fontString).then(() => { // Workaround for chrome bug // https://bugs.chromium.org/p/chromium/issues/detail?id=347460 return this.document_.fonts.load(fontString); }).then(() => { if (this.document_.fonts.check(fontString)) { resolve(); } else { reject(new Error('Font could not be loaded,' + ' probably due to incorrect @font-face.')); } }).catch(reject); } } https://github.com/ampproject/amphtml/blob/master/extensions/amp-font/0.1/fontloader.js#L112-L131 CUSTOM FONTS

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CSS FONT LOADING https://drafts.csswg.org/css-font-loading/

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"new" approach CUSTOM FONTS CSS FONT LOADING https://github.com/zachleat/fontfaceonload POLYFILL

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"new" approach CUSTOM FONTS @font-face { font-family: 'BioRhyme'; font-display: swap; src: local('BioRhyme'), local('BioRhyme-Regular'), url(https://some.font.url/font.woff2) format('woff2'); } https://developers.google.com/web/updates/2016/02/font-display

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"new" approach CUSTOM FONTS CSS FONT-RENDERING CONTROLS font-display

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FONT LOADING STRATEGY Rethink the usage of fonts! 01 Avoid FOIT! 02 03 Go for FOUT and adjust fallback fonts! https://www.zachleat.com/web/comprehensive-webfonts/

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85 GPU-accelerated animations

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GPU-ACCELERATED ANIMATIONS .sidebar { position: fixed; left: -300px; top: 0; bottom: 0; width: 300px; transition: left .5s ease-in-out; } .sidebar.is-open { left: 0; }

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GPU-ACCELERATED ANIMATIONS

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NOT 60 FRAMES PER SECOND ANYMORE

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Nav item 1
Nav item 2
Nav item 3

GPU-ACCELERATED ANIMATIONS

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GPU-ACCELERATED ANIMATIONS .sidebar { position: fixed; right: 100%; top: 0; bottom: 0; width: 300px; transform: translate( 0, 0 ); transition: transform .5s ease-in-out; will-change: transform; } .sidebar.is-open { transform: translate( 100%, 0 ); }

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FPS

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ANIMATIONS Use transform and opacity 01 Promote moving elements with 'will-change' 02 03 Don't overdo it https://developers.google.com/web/fundamentals/.../stick-to-compositor-only-properties-and-manage-layer-count https://csstriggers.com/

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HOW TO SPEED UP? Ban everything harmful

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95 the validator

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https://addons.opera.com/en-gb/extensions/details/amp-validator/ https://chrome.google.com/webstore/detail/amp-validator/nmoffdblmcmgeicmolmhobpoocbbmknc #development=1

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Google AMP Cache

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Google AMP Cache

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Google AMP Cache VALIDATION ERRORS

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100 inline css

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CSS CSS (gzipped) github.com ~109KB 23KB guardian.com ~295KB 46KB wired.com ~329KB 135KB dribbble.com ~385KB 68KB medium.com ~550KB 236KB m.facebook.com ~820KB 168KB mobile.nytimes.com ~900KB 189KB NOT INLINED CSS SHIPPED THESE DAYS (tested with iPhone 5 User agent)

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AMOUNT OF INLINED CSS MAX KB 50

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103 script loading

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SCRIPT LOADING

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SCRIPT LOADING

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SCRIPT LOADING REAL LIFE EXPERIENCE

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SCRIPT LOADING REAL LIFE EXPERIENCE THIS REALLY HAPPENS!

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SCRIPT LOADING

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(function() { var src = (document.location.protocol === 'https:' ? 'https:/' : 'http:/') + '/imagesrv.adition.com/js/srp.js'; document.write('<scr' + 'ipt type="text/javascript" src="' + src + '" charset="utf-8"></scr' + 'ipt>'); })(); document.write SCRIPT LOADING

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“But what happens when the JavaScript fails to load?”

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NO PROGRESSIVE ENHANCEMENT

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“We need to come up with a standard alternative real quick” Yoav Weiss Akamai https://twitter.com/yoavweiss/status/659141410990350336

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“I’ve been on the jQuery team for many years, and personally have seen how a library can drive meaningful, healthy change to the ecosystem at large. This is what we want.” Paul Bakaus Open Web Developer Advocate at Google https://medium.com/@pbakaus/doesnt-come-across-snarky-all-good-9d4269f7dbe6

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Feature Policy Ressource Limits CPU and Bandwidth Priority User Experience CONTENT PERFORMANCE POLICY http://wicg.github.io/ContentPerformancePolicy/

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https://wicg.github.io/feature-policy/ Feature-Policy: { "vibrate": ["self", "https://foo.com"], "sync-xhr": [], "usermedia": ["*"] } FEATURE POLICY VIA HEADERS VIA META ELEMENT VIA ATTRIBUTE Might change! currently in investigation

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RESOURCE SIZE LIMITS NO CONCRETE PROPOSAL YET currently in investigation

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CPU AND BANDWIDTH PRIORITY VIA META ELEMENT Might change! currently in investigation

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USER EXPERIENCE NO CONCRETE PROPOSAL YET currently in investigation

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https://github.com/WICG/aspect-ratio ASPECT-RATIO img { size: calc(2/1); } Might change!

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120 The web is catching up

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HOW CAN IT BE SO FAST?

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AMP CACHE & SEARCH How can it be so fast? https://cdn.ampproject.org/v/www.bbc.co.uk/news/amp/36202424 COMPLETE DOCUMENTS GO INTO AMP CACHE

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AMP CACHE & SEARCH How can it be so fast? SMART PRELOADING https://www.google.nl/amp/www.bbc.co.uk/...

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124 What is AMP? CONTROL BEST PRACTICES VALIDATION FOUNDER

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125 Can we be as fast as AMP? JUP!

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126 Is AMP the solution? ¯\_(ϑ)_/¯

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“If you try to convince somebody, that contents are worth their time, you don't want a loading bar to get in their way.” Anand Varma National Geographic

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Thanks! @stefanjudis bit.ly/ﬁx-the-web Slides bit.ly/did-you-like-amp Feedback