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Developing Games Using Data not Trees Drew Petersen @KirbySaysHi

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ONE MAN

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VS HIS OWN MIND

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24 HOURS

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THIS

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IS

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A GAME JAM

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There is just one problem…

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ASTEROIDS:
 TOTALLY DIFFERENT THIS TIME

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is not actually different.

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Prepare for IMMEDIATE Internal Monologue

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Oh no! It’s not different at all! But it uses typed arrays and verlet physics and all this stuff that I had a lot of fun making!

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But the players don’t actually care about that… What am I going to do? There are only a few hours left before the deadline!

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–Every programmer under a deadline, ever. “Maybe I can quickly change it.”

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Maybe if the ship is huge?

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Maybe if the asteroids are tiny?

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–Me, to myself “Boring.”

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What if…

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you…

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…control the asteroids?

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How will I have time?

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Oh right. I modeled everything as data.

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Wait, what does that mean?

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Is that like a database?

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Databases are fun!

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SELECT * FROM boring LIMIT fun

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Databases are not a game.

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–Me in middle school “I heard you can capture a Databasei with a Master Ball”

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How does one data?

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Does data you?

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Data Matthews Band really replicates.

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Base into data without remorse

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OH GAWD I’VE DEVOLVED TO MEME

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But seriously, how?

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Approach: Object Oriented

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Objects • Ship • Asteroid • Bullet

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├ WorldEntity ├ PhysicsEntity ├ CollidableEntity ├ RenderableEntity ├ AsteroidEntity ├ WorldEntity ├ PhysicsEntity ├ CollidableEntity ├ RenderableEntity ├ BulletEntity

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├ WorldEntity ├ PhysicsEntity ├ CollidableEntity ├ RenderableEntity ├ KeyboardCtrlEntity ├ ShipEntity update() (WorldE) handleCollisions() (CE) draw() (RenderableE) handleInput() (KBCE) shoot()

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What about controllable asteroids?

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├ WorldEntity ├ PhysicsEntity ├ CollidableEntity ├ RenderableEntity ├ KeyboardCtrlEntity ├ ShipEntity update() (WorldE) handleCollisions() (CE) draw() (RenderableE) handleInput() (KBCE) shoot() AsteroidEntity

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DISCLAIMER: THE REAL WORLD IS WORSE

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ProCon: Professional Conventions for Professionals • Logic appears to be local • State is spread throughout the hierarchy • Hard to optimize (batch all physics, batch draw, etc)

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Approach: Data Oriented

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• Functions operate on data, not Objects. • There will always be more than one. • Don't inhibit optimization (batching).

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DISCLAIMER: IT’S NOT PERFECT But Might Be Better.

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Starts with a Pocket

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var pkt = new Pocket() pkt.tick(16); // ms

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We add Component Types to the Pocket

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–Ben Newman, probably “Components like in ReactJS?”

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NOPE

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pkt.componentType('rotation', function(cmp, opts) { cmp.angle = opts.angle || 0; cmp.rate = opts.rate || 0; }) ! // shortcut / alias pkt.cmpType('rotation', function(cmp, opts) { cmp.angle = opts.angle || 0; cmp.rate = opts.rate || 0; })

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pkt.cmpType('drag', function(cmp, opts) { cmp.percentage = opts.percentage || 0.99; })

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We request a Key from the Pocket

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var key = pkt.key({ 'rotation': { rate: 0.9 }, 'drag': null }) ! console.log(key); // 1 console.log(typeof key); // number

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pkt.key({ 'ship': null, 'human-controlled-01': null, 'verlet-position': { x: pkt.firstData('ctx-2d').center.x, y: pkt.firstData('ctx-2d').center.y }, 'rotation': { rate: 0.1 }, 'thrust': null, 'drag': null, 'projectile-launcher': { launchForce: 10 }, 'point-shape': { points: [ { x: size, y: 0 }, { x: -size, y: -size / 2 }, { x: -size, y: size / 2 } ]}, 'bbox': null })

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We write Systems to modify Component Data

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pkt.system('input-thrust', ['verlet-position', 'rotation', 'thrust', 'human-controlled-01'], function(pkt, keys, positions, rotations, thrusts) { for (var i = 0; i < keys.length; i++) { // Do something } })

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pkt.system('input-thrust', ['verlet-position', 'rotation', 'thrust', 'human-controlled-01'], function(pkt, keys, positions, rotations, thrusts) { for (var i = 0; i < keys.length; i++) { // Do something } }) Name

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pkt.system('input-thrust', ['verlet-position', 'rotation', 'thrust', 'human-controlled-01'], function(pkt, keys, positions, rotations, thrusts) { for (var i = 0; i < keys.length; i++) { // Do something } }) Name Component Type Requirements

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pkt.system('input-thrust', ['verlet-position', 'rotation', 'thrust', 'human-controlled-01'], function(pkt, keys, positions, rotations, thrusts) { for (var i = 0; i < keys.length; i++) { // Do something } }) Name Component Type Requirements Action

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pkt.system('input-thrust', ['verlet-position', 'rotation', 'thrust', 'human-controlled-01'], function(pkt, keys, positions, rotations, thrusts) { for (var i = 0; i < keys.length; i++) { // Do something } }) Name Component Type Requirements Action Array of Keys that each have the required Component Datas

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pkt.system('input-thrust', ['verlet-position', 'rotation', 'thrust', 'human-controlled-01'], function(pkt, keys, positions, rotations, thrusts) { for (var i = 0; i < keys.length; i++) { // Do something } }) Name Component Type Requirements Action Global Collection of Component Data by Key Array of Keys that each have the required Component Datas

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pkt.system( 'render-point-shape', ['verlet-position', 'point-shape', 'rotation'], function(pkt, keys, positions, shapes, rotations) { var ctx2d = pkt.firstData('ctx-2d') ! for (var i = 0; i < keys.length; i++) { var k = keys[i]; var position = positions[k]; var shape = shapes[k]; var rotation = rotations[k]; } } )

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pkt.system( 'render-point-shape', ['verlet-position', 'point-shape', 'rotation'], function(pkt, keys, positions, shapes, rotations) { var ctx2d = pkt.firstData('ctx-2d') ! for (var i = 0; i < keys.length; i++) { var k = keys[i]; var position = positions[k]; var shape = shapes[k]; var rotation = rotations[k]; } } ) Manually grab each component data from the global collections.

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pkt.systemForEach('input-thrust', ['verlet-position', 'rotation', 'thrust', 'human-controlled-01'], function(pkt, key, position, rotation, thrust) { // Do Something })

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pkt.systemForEach('input-thrust', ['verlet-position', 'rotation', 'thrust', 'human-controlled-01'], function(pkt, key, position, rotation, thrust) { // Do Something }) Individual Key

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pkt.systemForEach('input-thrust', ['verlet-position', 'rotation', 'thrust', 'human-controlled-01'], function(pkt, key, position, rotation, thrust) { // Do Something }) Component Data Matching the Key Individual Key

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–Maybe one person in the audience? “But what about player controlled asteroids?”

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Oh right.

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pkt.systemForEach( 'input-rotation', ['rotation', 'human-controlled-01'], function(pkt, key, rotation) { var input = pkt.firstData('keyboard-state'); ! if (input.down.RIGHT) { rotation.angle += rotation.rate; } else if (input.down.LEFT) { rotation.angle -= rotation.rate; } } )

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pkt.systemForEach( 'input-rotation', ['rotation', 'human-controlled-01'], function(pkt, key, rotation) { var input = pkt.firstData('keyboard-state'); ! if (input.down.RIGHT) { rotation.angle += rotation.rate; } else if (input.down.LEFT) { rotation.angle -= rotation.rate; } } )

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pkt.systemForEach( 'input-rotation', ['rotation', 'human-controlled-01'], function(pkt, key, rotation) { var input = pkt.firstData('keyboard-state'); ! if (input.down.RIGHT) { rotation.angle += rotation.rate; } else if (input.down.LEFT) { rotation.angle -= rotation.rate; } } ) ?

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pkt.systemForEach( 'input-rotation', ['rotation', 'human-controlled-01'], function(pkt, key, rotation) { var input = pkt.firstData('keyboard-state'); ! if (input.down.RIGHT) { rotation.angle += rotation.rate; } else if (input.down.LEFT) { rotation.angle -= rotation.rate; } } ) ? Why no human-controlled-01 component data?

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THERE IS NO human-controlled-01 COMPONENT

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We use Labels as anonymous components

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pkt.key({ 'asteroid': null, 'verlet-position': { x: x, y: y, acel: v2(acelX, acelY) }, 'point-shape': { points: points }, 'bbox': null, 'rotation': null }) There is no 'asteroid' component

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pkt.system( 'asteroid-ship-collider', ['point-shape', 'verlet-position', 'rotation', 'asteroid'], function(pkt, keys, shapes, positions, rotations) { })

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pkt.system( 'asteroid-ship-collider', ['point-shape', 'verlet-position', 'rotation', 'asteroid'], function(pkt, keys, shapes, positions, rotations) { }) We only want asteroids in here. Ship also has point-shape, verlet-position, and rotation

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No content

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pkt.systemForEach( 'input-rotation', ['rotation', 'human-controlled-01'], function(pkt, key, rotation) { var input = pkt.firstData('keyboard-state'); ! if (input.down.RIGHT) { rotation.angle += rotation.rate; } else if (input.down.LEFT) { rotation.angle -= rotation.rate; } } )

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pkt.systemForEach( 'input-rotation', ['rotation', 'human-controlled-01'], function(pkt, key, rotation) { var input = pkt.firstData('keyboard-state'); ! if (input.down.RIGHT) { rotation.angle += rotation.rate; } else if (input.down.LEFT) { rotation.angle -= rotation.rate; } } )

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pkt.systemForEach( 'input-rotation', ['rotation', 'human-controlled-01'], function(pkt, key, rotation) { var input = pkt.firstData('keyboard-state'); ! if (input.down.RIGHT) { rotation.angle += rotation.rate; } else if (input.down.LEFT) { rotation.angle -= rotation.rate; } } ) ?

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What happens if we add that label to the asteroids?

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pkt.key({ 'asteroid': null, 'human-controlled-01': null, 'verlet-position': { x: x, y: y, acel: v2(acelX, acelY) }, 'point-shape': { points: points }, 'bbox': null, 'rotation': null })

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Nothing?

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pkt.systemForEach( 'input-rotation', ['rotation', 'human-controlled-01'], function(pkt, key, rotation) { var input = pkt.firstData('keyboard-state'); ! if (input.down.RIGHT) { rotation.angle += rotation.rate; } else if (input.down.LEFT) { rotation.angle -= rotation.rate; } } )

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pkt.systemForEach( 'input-rotation', ['rotation', 'human-controlled-01'], function(pkt, key, rotation) { var input = pkt.firstData('keyboard-state'); ! if (input.down.RIGHT) { rotation.angle += rotation.rate; } else if (input.down.LEFT) { rotation.angle -= rotation.rate; } } )

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pkt.systemForEach( 'input-rotation', ['rotation', 'human-controlled-01'], function(pkt, key, rotation) { var input = pkt.firstData('keyboard-state'); ! if (input.down.RIGHT) { rotation.angle += rotation.rate; } else if (input.down.LEFT) { rotation.angle -= rotation.rate; } } )

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pkt.cmpType('rotation', function(cmp, opts) { cmp.angle = opts.angle || 0; cmp.rate = opts.rate || 0; })

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pkt.cmpType('rotation', function(cmp, opts) { cmp.angle = opts.angle || 0; cmp.rate = opts.rate || 0; })

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pkt.key({ 'asteroid': null, 'human-controlled-01': null, 'verlet-position': { x: x, y: y, acel: v2(acelX, acelY) }, 'point-shape': { points: points }, 'bbox': null, 'rotation': null })

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pkt.key({ 'asteroid': null, 'human-controlled-01': null, 'verlet-position': { x: x, y: y, acel: v2(acelX, acelY) }, 'point-shape': { points: points }, 'bbox': null, 'rotation': { rate: 0.1 } })

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They rotate!

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Let's make them thrust.

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pkt.systemForEach( 'input-thrust', ['verlet-position', 'rotation', 'thrust', 'human-controlled-01'], function(pkt, key, position, rotation, thrust) { var input = pkt.firstData('keyboard-state'); ! if (input.down.UP) { var x = Math.cos(rotation.angle) * thrust.force; var y = Math.sin(rotation.angle) * thrust.force; position.acel.x += x; position.acel.y += y; } } )

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pkt.systemForEach( 'input-thrust', ['verlet-position', 'rotation', 'thrust', 'human-controlled-01'], function(pkt, key, position, rotation, thrust) { var input = pkt.firstData('keyboard-state'); ! if (input.down.UP) { var x = Math.cos(rotation.angle) * thrust.force; var y = Math.sin(rotation.angle) * thrust.force; position.acel.x += x; position.acel.y += y; } } )

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'human-controlled-01': null, 'verlet-position': { x: pkt.firstData('ctx-2d').center.x, y: pkt.firstData('ctx-2d').center.y }, 'rotation': { rate: 0.1 }, 'thrust': null, 'drag': null, 'projectile-launcher': { launchForce: 10 }, 'point-shape': { points: [ { x: size, y: 0 }, { x: -size, y: -size / 2 }, { x: -size, y: size / 2 } ]},

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pkt.key({ 'asteroid': null, 'human-controlled-01': null, 'thrust': null, 'verlet-position': { x: x, y: y, acel: v2(acelX, acelY) }, 'point-shape': { points: points }, 'bbox': null, 'rotation': { rate: 0.1 }, })

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Let's make them shoot!

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pkt.key({ 'asteroid': null, 'human-controlled-01': null, 'thrust': null, 'projectile-launcher': { launchForce: 10 }, 'verlet-position': { x: x, y: y, acel: v2(acelX, acelY) }, 'point-shape': { points: points }, 'bbox': null, 'rotation': { rate: 0.1 }, })

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Let's make the ship get hit!

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pkt.system( 'asteroid-projectile-collider', ['point-shape', 'verlet-position', 'rotation', 'asteroid'], function(pkt, keys, shapes, positions, rotations) { var projectiles = pkt.keysMatching( 'point-shape', 'verlet-position', 'rotation', 'projectile'); // Actual collision code } ) This label is the only "asteroidish" thing about this system

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pkt.system( 'asteroid-projectile-collider', ['point-shape', 'verlet-position', 'rotation', 'ship'], function(pkt, keys, shapes, positions, rotations) { var projectiles = pkt.keysMatching( 'point-shape', 'verlet-position', 'rotation', 'projectile'); // Actual collision code } )

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THE HUNTER HAS BECOME THE HUNTED

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There is still more work to do!

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But not today.

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ProCon: Professional Conferences for Professionals • Logic is spread out • State is concentrated in components • Easier to optimize for batch drawing, batch collisions, etc. • Extremely modular

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I mentioned databases a long time ago.

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• ComponentTypes — Tables (properties are columns) • Components / Component Data — Rows • Keys — Primary Keys • Systems — Stored Procedures? (not really)

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• ComponentTypes — Tables (properties are columns) • Components / Component Data — Rows • Keys — Primary Keys • Systems — Stored Procedures? (not really)

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• ComponentTypes — Tables (properties are columns) • Components / Component Data — Rows • Keys — Primary Keys • Systems — Queries + Business Logic

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console.log(JSON.stringify(pkt.components))

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{ "ctx-2d": { "1": { "cvs": {}, "ctx": {}, "center": { "x": 719.5, "y": 200.5 }, "width": 1439, "height": 401 } }, "game-config": {

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}, "verlet-position": { "4": { "cpos": { "x": 719.5, "y": 397.5 }, "ppos": { "x": 719.5, "y": 397.5 }, "acel": { "x": 0, "y": 0 }

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} } }, "rotation": { "4": { "angle": 0, "rate": 0.1 }, "5": { "angle": 0, "rate": 0.1 }, "6": { "angle": 0, "rate": 0.1

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No content

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–Everyone? “But did you finish the game jam?”

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Prepare for IMMEDIATE Truth

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Sorry.

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There was no jam.

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It was a conceit of the talk.

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I hope that's alright.

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Thank You! ! @KirbySaysHi http://github.com/ kirbysayshi/pocket-ces

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Thank You! ! @KirbySaysHi http://github.com/ kirbysayshi/pocket-ces