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KOTLIN GOES GLOBAL - By Karan Dhillon

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Trip down the memory lane ● There has been numerous attempts on creating the best hybrid mobile framework in the past. ● Most notable candidates include React Native, Flutter, Xamarin, and Ionic. ● In order to understand why KMM is a gamechanger, we first have to briefly look into these past solutions.

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● Biggest selling point is one codebase. This could also be extended to time saved on writing or managing one codebase. ● Fast - in shipping, in deploying, and in developing. ● Team size can be kept small, in return saving business expense. ● Slave to the framework. ● Starts fragmenting when TLOC gets bigger. The Good, The Bad, And The Ugly

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Why is JetBrains jumping into the world of hybrid frameworks? The Question Remains Kotlin, a JVM based language, is very rapidly being adopted by the android community. Based on the demographic android covers, Kotlin would be an easy candidate for a hybrid framework.

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“Kotlin Multiplatform Mobile (KMM) is an SDK for cross-platform mobile development provided by JetBrains. It uses the multiplatform capabilities of Kotlin and includes various tools and features designed to make the end-to-end experience of building mobile cross-platform applications as enjoyable and efficient as possible.”

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Expect/Actual Paradigm

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//Common expect fun randomUUID(): String

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//Common expect fun randomUUID(): String

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//Common expect fun randomUUID(): String //Android import java.util.* actual fun randomUUID() = UUID.randomUUID().toString() //iOS import platform.Foundation.NSUUID actual fun randomUUID(): String = NSUUID().UUIDString()

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//iOS import platform.Foundation.NSUUID actual fun randomUUID(): String = NSUUID().UUIDString() //Android import java.util.* actual fun randomUUID() = UUID.randomUUID().toString() //Common expect fun randomUUID(): String

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Project Hierarchy

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commonMain directory will hold the business logic that will be shared among all the platforms shared module will hold the shared business logic. This logic can be further dissected into platform specific directories androidMain & iosMain directories will hold the business logic that will be shared among the respective platform’s feature module

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iOSTest directory will hold the business logic that can be reached by iOS module Compose-desktop module will hold the implementation logic for desktop support

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KMM project requirements ● Android studio, version 4.2 or higher ● If iOS specific-code needs to be written, then Xcode version 11.3 or higher ● Compatible Kotlin compiler plugin ● Kotlin Multiplatform Mobile plugin in Android Studio ● JDK

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Demo - SpaceX

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commonMain directory will hold the business logic that will be shared among all the platforms shared module will hold the shared business logic. This logic can be further dissected into platform specific directories androidMain & iosMain directories will hold the business logic that will be shared among the respective platform’s feature module

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plugins { kotlin("multiplatform") id("com.android.library") } kotlin { val coroutinesVersion = "1.3.9-native-mt" sourceSets { val commonMain by getting { dependencies { implementation("org.jetbrains.kotlinx:kotlinx-coroutines-core:$coroutinesVersion") } } } } Build.gradle.kts (shared)

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plugins { kotlin("multiplatform") id("com.android.library") } kotlin { val coroutinesVersion = "1.3.9-native-mt" sourceSets { val commonMain by getting { dependencies { implementation("org.jetbrains.kotlinx:kotlinx-coroutines-core:$coroutinesVersion") } } } } Build.gradle.kts (shared)

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buildscript { repositories { gradlePluginPortal() jcenter() google() mavenCentral() } dependencies { classpath("org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-gradle-plugin:1.4.10") classpath("com.android.tools.build:gradle:4.0.1") classpath("org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-serialization:1.4.10") } } allprojects { repositories { google() jcenter() mavenCentral() } } Build.gradle.kts (root)

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buildscript { repositories { gradlePluginPortal() jcenter() google() mavenCentral() } dependencies { classpath("org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-gradle-plugin:1.4.10") classpath("com.android.tools.build:gradle:4.0.1") classpath("org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-serialization:1.4.10") } } allprojects { repositories { google() jcenter() mavenCentral() } } Build.gradle.kts (root)

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plugins { kotlin("multiplatform") id("com.android.library") kotlin("plugin.serialization") } kotlin { val coroutinesVersion = "1.3.9-native-mt" val serializationVersion = "1.0.0-RC" sourceSets { val commonMain by getting { dependencies { implementation("org.jetbrains.kotlinx:kotlinx-coroutines-core:$coroutinesVersion") implementation("org.jetbrains.kotlinx:kotlinx-serialization-core:$serializationVersion") } } } } Build.gradle.kts (shared)

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plugins { kotlin("multiplatform") id("com.android.library") kotlin("plugin.serialization") } kotlin { val coroutinesVersion = "1.3.9-native-mt" val serializationVersion = "1.0.0-RC" sourceSets { val commonMain by getting { dependencies { implementation("org.jetbrains.kotlinx:kotlinx-coroutines-core:$coroutinesVersion") implementation("org.jetbrains.kotlinx:kotlinx-serialization-core:$serializationVersion") } } } } Build.gradle.kts (shared)

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Build.gradle.kts (shared) kotlin { val coroutinesVersion = "1.3.9-native-mt" val serializationVersion = "1.0.0-RC" val ktorVersion = "1.4.0" sourceSets { val commonMain by getting { dependencies { implementation("org.jetbrains.kotlinx:kotlinx-coroutines-core:$coroutinesVersion") implementation("org.jetbrains.kotlinx:kotlinx-serialization-core:$serializationVersion") implementation("io.ktor:ktor-client-core:$ktorVersion") implementation("io.ktor:ktor-client-serialization:$ktorVersion") } } val androidMain by getting { dependencies { implementation("io.ktor:ktor-client-android:$ktorVersion") } } val iosMain by getting { dependencies { implementation("io.ktor:ktor-client-ios:$ktorVersion") } } } }

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kotlin { val coroutinesVersion = "1.3.9-native-mt" val serializationVersion = "1.0.0-RC" val ktorVersion = "1.4.0" sourceSets { val commonMain by getting { dependencies { implementation("org.jetbrains.kotlinx:kotlinx-coroutines-core:$coroutinesVersion") implementation("org.jetbrains.kotlinx:kotlinx-serialization-core:$serializationVersion") implementation("io.ktor:ktor-client-core:$ktorVersion") implementation("io.ktor:ktor-client-serialization:$ktorVersion") } } val androidMain by getting { dependencies { implementation("io.ktor:ktor-client-android:$ktorVersion") } } val iosMain by getting { dependencies { implementation("io.ktor:ktor-client-ios:$ktorVersion") } } } } Build.gradle.kts (shared)

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kotlin.code.style=official xcodeproj=./iosApp android.useAndroidX=true kotlin.mpp.enableGranularSourceSetsMetadata=true kotlin.native.enableDependencyPropagation=false sqlDelightVersion=1.4.2 gradle.properties

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kotlin.code.style=official xcodeproj=./iosApp android.useAndroidX=true kotlin.mpp.enableGranularSourceSetsMetadata=true kotlin.native.enableDependencyPropagation=false sqlDelightVersion=1.4.2 gradle.properties

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buildscript { repositories { gradlePluginPortal() jcenter() google() mavenCentral() } val sqlDelightVersion: String by project dependencies { classpath("org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-gradle-plugin:1.4.10") classpath("com.android.tools.build:gradle:4.0.1") classpath("org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-serialization:1.4.10") classpath("com.squareup.sqldelight:gradle-plugin:$sqlDelightVersion") } } allprojects { repositories { google() jcenter() mavenCentral() } } Build.gradle.kts (root)

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buildscript { repositories { gradlePluginPortal() jcenter() google() mavenCentral() } val sqlDelightVersion: String by project dependencies { classpath("org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-gradle-plugin:1.4.10") classpath("com.android.tools.build:gradle:4.0.1") classpath("org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-serialization:1.4.10") classpath("com.squareup.sqldelight:gradle-plugin:$sqlDelightVersion") } } allprojects { repositories { google() jcenter() mavenCentral() } } Build.gradle.kts (root)

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Build.gradle.kts (shared) plugins { id("com.squareup.sqldelight") } kotlin { val sqlDelightVersion: String by project sourceSets { val commonMain by getting { dependencies { implementation("com.squareup.sqldelight:runtime:$sqlDelightVersion") } } val androidMain by getting { dependencies { implementation("com.squareup.sqldelight:android-driver:$sqlDelightVersion") } } val iosMain by getting { dependencies { implementation("com.squareup.sqldelight:native-driver:$sqlDelightVersion") } } } }

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plugins { id("com.squareup.sqldelight") } kotlin { val sqlDelightVersion: String by project sourceSets { val commonMain by getting { dependencies { implementation("com.squareup.sqldelight:runtime:$sqlDelightVersion") } } val androidMain by getting { dependencies { implementation("com.squareup.sqldelight:android-driver:$sqlDelightVersion") } } val iosMain by getting { dependencies { implementation("com.squareup.sqldelight:native-driver:$sqlDelightVersion") } } } } Build.gradle.kts (shared)

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Entity.kt(com.kdhillon.spacex.shared.entity) @Serializable data class RocketLaunch( @SerialName("flight_number") val flightNumber: Int, @SerialName("mission_name") val missionName: String, @SerialName("launch_year") val launchYear: Int, @SerialName("launch_date_utc") val launchDateUTC: String, @SerialName("rocket") val rocket: Rocket, @SerialName("details") val details: String?, @SerialName("launch_success") val launchSuccess: Boolean?, @SerialName("links") val links: Links ) @Serializable data class Rocket( @SerialName("rocket_id") val id: String, @SerialName("rocket_name") val name: String, @SerialName("rocket_type") val type: String ) @Serializable data class Links( @SerialName("mission_patch") val missionPatchUrl: String?, @SerialName("article_link") val articleUrl: String? )

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@Serializable data class RocketLaunch( @SerialName("flight_number") val flightNumber: Int, @SerialName("mission_name") val missionName: String, @SerialName("launch_year") val launchYear: Int, @SerialName("launch_date_utc") val launchDateUTC: String, @SerialName("rocket") val rocket: Rocket, @SerialName("details") val details: String?, @SerialName("launch_success") val launchSuccess: Boolean?, @SerialName("links") val links: Links ) @Serializable data class Rocket( @SerialName("rocket_id") val id: String, @SerialName("rocket_name") val name: String, @SerialName("rocket_type") val type: String ) @Serializable data class Links( @SerialName("mission_patch") val missionPatchUrl: String?, @SerialName("article_link") val articleUrl: String? ) Entity.kt(com.kdhillon.spacex.shared.entity)

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Build.gradle.kts (shared) plugins { // ... } kotlin { // ... } sqldelight { database("AppDatabase") { // The packageName parameter specifies the package name for the generated Kotlin sources. packageName = "com.kdhillon.spacex.shared.cache" } }

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plugins { // ... } kotlin { // ... } sqldelight { database("AppDatabase") { // The packageName parameter specifies the package name for the generated Kotlin sources. packageName = "com.kdhillon.spacex.shared.cache" } } Build.gradle.kts (shared)

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First we need to create .sq file, which will contain all the SQL queries. By default, SQLDelight plugin reads .sq from the sqldelight folder. So create the package specified in the packageName parameter.

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Inside our package, we need to create a .sq file with the name of our database (in our case, AppDatabase.sq)

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AppDatabase.sq CREATE TABLE Launch ( flightNumber INTEGER NOT NULL, missionName TEXT NOT NULL, launchYear INTEGER AS Int NOT NULL DEFAULT 0, rocketId TEXT NOT NULL, details TEXT, launchSuccess INTEGER AS Boolean DEFAULT NULL, launchDateUTC TEXT NOT NULL, missionPatchUrl TEXT, articleUrl TEXT ); CREATE TABLE Rocket ( id TEXT NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY, name TEXT NOT NULL, type TEXT NOT NULL );

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CREATE TABLE Launch ( flightNumber INTEGER NOT NULL, missionName TEXT NOT NULL, launchYear INTEGER AS Int NOT NULL DEFAULT 0, rocketId TEXT NOT NULL, details TEXT, launchSuccess INTEGER AS Boolean DEFAULT NULL, launchDateUTC TEXT NOT NULL, missionPatchUrl TEXT, articleUrl TEXT ); CREATE TABLE Rocket ( id TEXT NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY, name TEXT NOT NULL, type TEXT NOT NULL ); AppDatabase.sq

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AppDatabase.sq CREATE TABLE Launch ( flightNumber INTEGER NOT NULL, missionName TEXT NOT NULL, launchYear INTEGER AS Int NOT NULL DEFAULT 0, rocketId TEXT NOT NULL, details TEXT, launchSuccess INTEGER AS Boolean DEFAULT NULL, launchDateUTC TEXT NOT NULL, missionPatchUrl TEXT, articleUrl TEXT ); CREATE TABLE Rocket ( id TEXT NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY, name TEXT NOT NULL, type TEXT NOT NULL );

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insertLaunch: INSERT INTO Launch(flightNumber, missionName, launchYear, rocketId, details, launchSuccess, launchDateUTC, missionPatchUrl, articleUrl) VALUES(?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?); insertRocket: INSERT INTO Rocket(id, name, type) VALUES(?, ?, ?); AppDatabase.sq

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insertLaunch: INSERT INTO Launch(flightNumber, missionName, launchYear, rocketId, details, launchSuccess, launchDateUTC, missionPatchUrl, articleUrl) VALUES(?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?); insertRocket: INSERT INTO Rocket(id, name, type) VALUES(?, ?, ?); AppDatabase.sq

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insertLaunch: INSERT INTO Launch(flightNumber, missionName, launchYear, rocketId, details, launchSuccess, launchDateUTC, missionPatchUrl, articleUrl) VALUES(?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?); insertRocket: INSERT INTO Rocket(id, name, type) VALUES(?, ?, ?); AppDatabase.sq

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removeAllLaunches: DELETE FROM Launch; removeAllRockets: DELETE FROM Rocket; AppDatabase.sq

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removeAllLaunches: DELETE FROM Launch; removeAllRockets: DELETE FROM Rocket; AppDatabase.sq

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removeAllLaunches: DELETE FROM Launch; removeAllRockets: DELETE FROM Rocket; AppDatabase.sq

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selectRocketById: SELECT * FROM Rocket WHERE id = ?; selectAllLaunchesInfo: SELECT Launch.*, Rocket.* FROM Launch LEFT JOIN Rocket ON Rocket.id == Launch.rocketId; AppDatabase.sq

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selectRocketById: SELECT * FROM Rocket WHERE id = ?; selectAllLaunchesInfo: SELECT Launch.*, Rocket.* FROM Launch LEFT JOIN Rocket ON Rocket.id == Launch.rocketId; AppDatabase.sq

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selectRocketById: SELECT * FROM Rocket WHERE id = ?; selectAllLaunchesInfo: SELECT Launch.*, Rocket.* FROM Launch LEFT JOIN Rocket ON Rocket.id == Launch.rocketId; AppDatabase.sq

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When the project is compiled, the generated kotlin code will be stored in our packageName directory.

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interface AppDatabase : Transacter { val appDatabaseQueries: AppDatabaseQueries companion object { val Schema: SqlDriver.Schema get() = AppDatabase::class.schema operator fun invoke(driver: SqlDriver): AppDatabase = AppDatabase::class.newInstance(driver)} } AppDatabase.kt(com.kdhillon.spacex.shared.cache)

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interface AppDatabase : Transacter { val appDatabaseQueries: AppDatabaseQueries companion object { val Schema: SqlDriver.Schema get() = AppDatabase::class.schema operator fun invoke(driver: SqlDriver): AppDatabase = AppDatabase::class.newInstance(driver)} } AppDatabase.kt(com.kdhillon.spacex.shared.cache)

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interface AppDatabase : Transacter { val appDatabaseQueries: AppDatabaseQueries companion object { val Schema: SqlDriver.Schema get() = AppDatabase::class.schema operator fun invoke(driver: SqlDriver): AppDatabase = AppDatabase::class.newInstance(driver)} } AppDatabase.kt(com.kdhillon.spacex.shared.cache)

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interface AppDatabaseQueries : Transacter { fun selectRocketById(id: String, mapper: ( id: String, name: String, type: String ) -> T): Query fun selectRocketById(id: String): Query fun selectAllLaunchesInfo(mapper: ( flightNumber: Long, missionName: String, launchYear: Int, rocketId: String, details: String?, launchSuccess: Boolean?, launchDateUTC: String, missionPatchUrl: String?, articleUrl: String?, id: String?, name: String?, type: String? ) -> T): Query fun selectAllLaunchesInfo(): Query ... AppDatabaseQueries.kt(com.kdhillon.spacex.shared.cache)

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interface AppDatabaseQueries : Transacter { fun selectRocketById(id: String, mapper: ( id: String, name: String, type: String ) -> T): Query fun selectRocketById(id: String): Query fun selectAllLaunchesInfo(mapper: ( flightNumber: Long, missionName: String, launchYear: Int, rocketId: String, details: String?, launchSuccess: Boolean?, launchDateUTC: String, missionPatchUrl: String?, articleUrl: String?, id: String?, name: String?, type: String? ) -> T): Query fun selectAllLaunchesInfo(): Query ... AppDatabaseQueries.kt(com.kdhillon.spacex.shared.cache)

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interface AppDatabaseQueries : Transacter { fun selectRocketById(id: String, mapper: ( id: String, name: String, type: String ) -> T): Query fun selectRocketById(id: String): Query fun selectAllLaunchesInfo(mapper: ( flightNumber: Long, missionName: String, launchYear: Int, rocketId: String, details: String?, launchSuccess: Boolean?, launchDateUTC: String, missionPatchUrl: String?, articleUrl: String?, id: String?, name: String?, type: String? ) -> T): Query fun selectAllLaunchesInfo(): Query ... AppDatabaseQueries.kt(com.kdhillon.spacex.shared.cache)

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interface AppDatabase : Transacter { val appDatabaseQueries: AppDatabaseQueries companion object { val Schema: SqlDriver.Schema get() = AppDatabase::class.schema operator fun invoke(driver: SqlDriver): AppDatabase = AppDatabase::class.newInstance(driver)} } AppDatabase.kt(com.kdhillon.spacex.shared.cache)

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interface AppDatabase : Transacter { val appDatabaseQueries: AppDatabaseQueries companion object { val Schema: SqlDriver.Schema get() = AppDatabase::class.schema operator fun invoke(driver: SqlDriver): AppDatabase = AppDatabase::class.newInstance(driver)} } AppDatabase.kt(com.kdhillon.spacex.shared.cache)

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expect class DatabaseDriverFactory { fun createDriver(): SqlDriver } DatabaseDriverFactory.kt(com.kdhillon.spacex.shared.cache)

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actual class DatabaseDriverFactory(private val context: Context) { actual fun createDriver(): SqlDriver { return AndroidSqliteDriver(AppDatabase.Schema, context, "test.db") } } DatabaseDriverFactory.kt(com.kdhillon.spacex.shared.cache in androidMain)

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actual class DatabaseDriverFactory(private val context: Context) { actual fun createDriver(): SqlDriver { return AndroidSqliteDriver(AppDatabase.Schema, context, "test.db") } } DatabaseDriverFactory.kt(com.kdhillon.spacex.shared.cache in androidMain)

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actual class DatabaseDriverFactory { actual fun createDriver(): SqlDriver { return NativeSqliteDriver(AppDatabase.Schema, "test.db") } } DatabaseDriverFactory.kt(com.kdhillon.spacex.shared.cache in iosMain)

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actual class DatabaseDriverFactory { actual fun createDriver(): SqlDriver { return NativeSqliteDriver(AppDatabase.Schema, "test.db") } } DatabaseDriverFactory.kt(com.kdhillon.spacex.shared.cache in iosMain)

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actual class DatabaseDriverFactory { actual fun createDriver(): SqlDriver { return NativeSqliteDriver(AppDatabase.Schema, "test.db") } } DatabaseDriverFactory.kt(com.kdhillon.spacex.shared.cache in iosMain)

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internal class Database(databaseDriverFactory: DatabaseDriverFactory) { private val database = AppDatabase(databaseDriverFactory.createDriver()) private val dbQuery = database.appDatabaseQueries } Database.kt(com.kdhillon.spacex.shared.cache)

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internal class Database(databaseDriverFactory: DatabaseDriverFactory) { private val database = AppDatabase(databaseDriverFactory.createDriver()) private val dbQuery = database.appDatabaseQueries } Database.kt(com.kdhillon.spacex.shared.cache)

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internal class Database(databaseDriverFactory: DatabaseDriverFactory) { private val database = AppDatabase(databaseDriverFactory.createDriver()) private val dbQuery = database.appDatabaseQueries } Database.kt(com.kdhillon.spacex.shared.cache) expect class DatabaseDriverFactory { fun createDriver(): SqlDriver }

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internal class Database(databaseDriverFactory: DatabaseDriverFactory) { private val database = AppDatabase(databaseDriverFactory.createDriver()) private val dbQuery = database.appDatabaseQueries } Database.kt(com.kdhillon.spacex.shared.cache)

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internal class Database(databaseDriverFactory: DatabaseDriverFactory) { private val database = AppDatabase(databaseDriverFactory.createDriver()) private val dbQuery = database.appDatabaseQueries } Database.kt(com.kdhillon.spacex.shared.cache)

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internal class Database(databaseDriverFactory: DatabaseDriverFactory) { private val database = AppDatabase(databaseDriverFactory.createDriver()) private val dbQuery = database.appDatabaseQueries } Database.kt(com.kdhillon.spacex.shared.cache) actual class DatabaseDriverFactory(private val context: Context) { actual fun createDriver(): SqlDriver { return AndroidSqliteDriver(AppDatabase.Schema, context, "test.db") } }

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internal class Database(databaseDriverFactory: DatabaseDriverFactory) { private val database = AppDatabase(databaseDriverFactory.createDriver()) private val dbQuery = database.appDatabaseQueries } Database.kt(com.kdhillon.spacex.shared.cache) actual class DatabaseDriverFactory(private val context: Context) { actual fun createDriver(): SqlDriver { return AndroidSqliteDriver(AppDatabase.Schema, context, "test.db") } }

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internal class Database(databaseDriverFactory: DatabaseDriverFactory) { private val database = AppDatabase(databaseDriverFactory.createDriver()) private val dbQuery = database.appDatabaseQueries } Database.kt(com.kdhillon.spacex.shared.cache) actual class DatabaseDriverFactory(private val context: Context) { actual fun createDriver(): SqlDriver { return AndroidSqliteDriver(AppDatabase.Schema, context, "test.db") } } actual class DatabaseDriverFactory { actual fun createDriver(): SqlDriver { return NativeSqliteDriver(AppDatabase.Schema, "test.db") } }

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internal class Database(databaseDriverFactory: DatabaseDriverFactory) { private val database = AppDatabase(databaseDriverFactory.createDriver()) private val dbQuery = database.appDatabaseQueries } Database.kt(com.kdhillon.spacex.shared.cache) actual class DatabaseDriverFactory(private val context: Context) { actual fun createDriver(): SqlDriver { return AndroidSqliteDriver(AppDatabase.Schema, context, "test.db") } } actual class DatabaseDriverFactory { actual fun createDriver(): SqlDriver { return NativeSqliteDriver(AppDatabase.Schema, "test.db") } }

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internal class Database(databaseDriverFactory: DatabaseDriverFactory) { private val database = AppDatabase(databaseDriverFactory.createDriver()) private val dbQuery = database.appDatabaseQueries } Database.kt(com.kdhillon.spacex.shared.cache) actual class DatabaseDriverFactory(private val context: Context) { actual fun createDriver(): SqlDriver { return AndroidSqliteDriver(AppDatabase.Schema, context, "test.db") } } actual class DatabaseDriverFactory { actual fun createDriver(): SqlDriver { return NativeSqliteDriver(AppDatabase.Schema, "test.db") } }

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internal class Database(databaseDriverFactory: DatabaseDriverFactory) { private val database = AppDatabase(databaseDriverFactory.createDriver()) private val dbQuery = database.appDatabaseQueries } Database.kt(com.kdhillon.spacex.shared.cache)

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internal class Database(databaseDriverFactory: DatabaseDriverFactory) { private val database = AppDatabase(databaseDriverFactory.createDriver()) private val dbQuery = database.appDatabaseQueries } Database.kt(com.kdhillon.spacex.shared.cache)

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internal class Database(databaseDriverFactory: DatabaseDriverFactory) { private val database = AppDatabase(databaseDriverFactory.createDriver()) private val dbQuery = database.appDatabaseQueries } Database.kt(com.kdhillon.spacex.shared.cache)

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class SpaceXApi { companion object { private const val LAUNCHES_ENDPOINT = "https://api.spacexdata.com/v3/launches" } private val httpClient = HttpClient { install(JsonFeature) { val json = kotlinx.serialization.json.Json { ignoreUnknownKeys = true } serializer = KotlinxSerializer(json) } } suspend fun getAllLaunches(): List { return httpClient.get(LAUNCHES_ENDPOINT) } } SpaceXApi.kt(com.kdhillon.spacex.shared.network)

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class SpaceXApi { companion object { private const val LAUNCHES_ENDPOINT = "https://api.spacexdata.com/v3/launches" } private val httpClient = HttpClient { install(JsonFeature) { val json = kotlinx.serialization.json.Json { ignoreUnknownKeys = true } serializer = KotlinxSerializer(json) } } suspend fun getAllLaunches(): List { return httpClient.get(LAUNCHES_ENDPOINT) } } SpaceXApi.kt(com.kdhillon.spacex.shared.network)

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class SpaceXApi { companion object { private const val LAUNCHES_ENDPOINT = "https://api.spacexdata.com/v3/launches" } private val httpClient = HttpClient { install(JsonFeature) { val json = kotlinx.serialization.json.Json { ignoreUnknownKeys = true } serializer = KotlinxSerializer(json) } } suspend fun getAllLaunches(): List { return httpClient.get(LAUNCHES_ENDPOINT) } } SpaceXApi.kt(com.kdhillon.spacex.shared.network)

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AndroidManifest.xml(/Users/karandhillon/Desktop/Personal/SpaceX/androidApp/src/main/AndroidManifest.xml)

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AndroidManifest.xml(/Users/karandhillon/Desktop/Personal/SpaceX/androidApp/src/main/AndroidManifest.xml)

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AndroidManifest.xml(/Users/karandhillon/Desktop/Personal/SpaceX/androidApp/src/main/AndroidManifest.xml)

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class SpaceXSDK(databaseDriverFactory: DatabaseDriverFactory) { private val database = Database(databaseDriverFactory) private val api = SpaceXApi() @Throws(Exception::class) suspend fun getLaunches(forceReload: Boolean): List { val cachedLaunches = database.getAllLaunches() return if (cachedLaunches.isNotEmpty() && !forceReload) { cachedLaunches } else { api.getAllLaunches().also { database.clearDatabase() database.createLaunches(it) } } } } SpaceXSDK.kt(com.kdhillon.spacex.shared)

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plugins { id("com.android.application") kotlin("android") } dependencies { implementation(project(":shared")) implementation("org.jetbrains.kotlinx:kotlinx-coroutines-android:1.3.9") implementation("androidx.core:core-ktx:1.3.1") implementation("com.google.android.material:material:1.2.0") implementation("androidx.appcompat:appcompat:1.2.0") implementation("androidx.constraintlayout:constraintlayout:2.0.0") implementation("androidx.recyclerview:recyclerview:1.1.0") implementation("androidx.swiperefreshlayout:swiperefreshlayout:1.1.0") implementation("androidx.cardview:cardview:1.0.0") } Build.gradle.kts (androidApp)

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plugins { id("com.android.application") kotlin("android") } dependencies { implementation(project(":shared")) implementation("org.jetbrains.kotlinx:kotlinx-coroutines-android:1.3.9") implementation("androidx.core:core-ktx:1.3.1") implementation("com.google.android.material:material:1.2.0") implementation("androidx.appcompat:appcompat:1.2.0") implementation("androidx.constraintlayout:constraintlayout:2.0.0") implementation("androidx.recyclerview:recyclerview:1.1.0") implementation("androidx.swiperefreshlayout:swiperefreshlayout:1.1.0") implementation("androidx.cardview:cardview:1.0.0") } Build.gradle.kts (androidApp)

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plugins { id("com.android.application") kotlin("android") } dependencies { implementation(project(":shared")) implementation("org.jetbrains.kotlinx:kotlinx-coroutines-android:1.3.9") implementation("androidx.core:core-ktx:1.3.1") implementation("com.google.android.material:material:1.2.0") implementation("androidx.appcompat:appcompat:1.2.0") implementation("androidx.constraintlayout:constraintlayout:2.0.0") implementation("androidx.recyclerview:recyclerview:1.1.0") implementation("androidx.swiperefreshlayout:swiperefreshlayout:1.1.0") implementation("androidx.cardview:cardview:1.0.0") } Build.gradle.kts (androidApp)

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class MainActivity : AppCompatActivity() { private val mainScope = MainScope() private val sdk = SpaceXSDK(DatabaseDriverFactory(this)) private lateinit var launchesRecyclerView: RecyclerView private lateinit var progressBarView: FrameLayout private lateinit var swipeRefreshLayout: SwipeRefreshLayout private val launchesRvAdapter = LaunchesRvAdapter(listOf()) override fun onCreate(savedInstanceState: Bundle?) { // ... } private fun displayLaunches(needReload: Boolean) { progressBarView.isVisible = true mainScope.launch { kotlin.runCatching { sdk.getLaunches(needReload) }.onSuccess { launchesRvAdapter.launches = it launchesRvAdapter.notifyDataSetChanged() }.onFailure { Toast.makeText(this@MainActivity, it.localizedMessage, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show() } progressBarView.isVisible = false } } } MainActivity.kt (androidApp)

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class MainActivity : AppCompatActivity() { private val mainScope = MainScope() private val sdk = SpaceXSDK(DatabaseDriverFactory(this)) private lateinit var launchesRecyclerView: RecyclerView private lateinit var progressBarView: FrameLayout private lateinit var swipeRefreshLayout: SwipeRefreshLayout private val launchesRvAdapter = LaunchesRvAdapter(listOf()) override fun onCreate(savedInstanceState: Bundle?) { // ... } private fun displayLaunches(needReload: Boolean) { progressBarView.isVisible = true mainScope.launch { kotlin.runCatching { sdk.getLaunches(needReload) }.onSuccess { launchesRvAdapter.launches = it launchesRvAdapter.notifyDataSetChanged() }.onFailure { Toast.makeText(this@MainActivity, it.localizedMessage, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show() } progressBarView.isVisible = false } } } MainActivity.kt (androidApp)

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class MainActivity : AppCompatActivity() { private val mainScope = MainScope() private val sdk = SpaceXSDK(DatabaseDriverFactory(this)) private lateinit var launchesRecyclerView: RecyclerView private lateinit var progressBarView: FrameLayout private lateinit var swipeRefreshLayout: SwipeRefreshLayout private val launchesRvAdapter = LaunchesRvAdapter(listOf()) override fun onCreate(savedInstanceState: Bundle?) { // ... } private fun displayLaunches(needReload: Boolean) { progressBarView.isVisible = true mainScope.launch { kotlin.runCatching { sdk.getLaunches(needReload) }.onSuccess { launchesRvAdapter.launches = it launchesRvAdapter.notifyDataSetChanged() }.onFailure { Toast.makeText(this@MainActivity, it.localizedMessage, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show() } progressBarView.isVisible = false } } } MainActivity.kt (androidApp)

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class MainActivity : AppCompatActivity() { private val mainScope = MainScope() private val sdk = SpaceXSDK(DatabaseDriverFactory(this)) private lateinit var launchesRecyclerView: RecyclerView private lateinit var progressBarView: FrameLayout private lateinit var swipeRefreshLayout: SwipeRefreshLayout private val launchesRvAdapter = LaunchesRvAdapter(listOf()) override fun onCreate(savedInstanceState: Bundle?) { // ... } private fun displayLaunches(needReload: Boolean) { progressBarView.isVisible = true mainScope.launch { kotlin.runCatching { sdk.getLaunches(needReload) }.onSuccess { launchesRvAdapter.launches = it launchesRvAdapter.notifyDataSetChanged() }.onFailure { Toast.makeText(this@MainActivity, it.localizedMessage, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show() } progressBarView.isVisible = false } } } MainActivity.kt (androidApp)

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class MainActivity : AppCompatActivity() { private val mainScope = MainScope() private val sdk = SpaceXSDK(DatabaseDriverFactory(this)) private lateinit var launchesRecyclerView: RecyclerView private lateinit var progressBarView: FrameLayout private lateinit var swipeRefreshLayout: SwipeRefreshLayout private val launchesRvAdapter = LaunchesRvAdapter(listOf()) override fun onCreate(savedInstanceState: Bundle?) { // ... } private fun displayLaunches(needReload: Boolean) { progressBarView.isVisible = true mainScope.launch { kotlin.runCatching { sdk.getLaunches(needReload) }.onSuccess { launchesRvAdapter.launches = it launchesRvAdapter.notifyDataSetChanged() }.onFailure { Toast.makeText(this@MainActivity, it.localizedMessage, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show() } progressBarView.isVisible = false } } } MainActivity.kt (androidApp)

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Challenges Ahead With KMM ● KMM is still in alpha, and the public API’s are expected to be changed frequently given its scale. ● Deploying a KMM project in production therefore should be prohibited. ● A lot of edge-cases might be encountered when working in KMM, such as how to manage sensitive information. ● iOS counterpart receive the shared module as a framework dependency, where the class files are in Objective-C format. Even though using appCode IDE helps a bit in navigating these Obj-C files, having them in Swift would be the ideal case.

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Is KMM The 🔑 To Hybrid?

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Resources KMM Documentation: https://kotlinlang.org/docs/mobile/home.html KMM Video Tutorials: https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PLlFc5cFwUnmy _oVc9YQzjasSNoAk4hk_C Reach out to me@ Twitter: @karandhillon95 Blog: https://kdhillon.com