Sustainability in Software Engineering - How to make a difference

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2 ©2021 VMware, Inc. Climate change is real. There is no need to argue about whether climate change exists, is human made, or life-threatening – all this is real and urgent. We need to stop climate change, not discuss whether it is real or not.

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3 ©2021 VMware, Inc. This is a huge challenge, and we can make a huge difference. Software is eating the world and can have a huge impact. Let’s not wait for others to solve the problem. Everybody is involved – we all share the same responsibility.

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We need to decarbonize the entire world of software engineering.

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©2021 VMware, Inc. 6 Employee Commute Energy Production Business Travel Food in the office Hardware Hardware Production Heating / Cooling Data Center Operation Network Traffic CPU Cycles Memory Consumption SWAG production Shipping / Transport Energy consumption There is a wide range of topics

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The energy question. We need 100% renewable energy. This will take a very long time. And we don‘t have a very long time.

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©2021 VMware, Inc. 11 Electricity Generation Losses: 60% 40 Watts Data Center Losses: 30% Server Losses: 80% 28 Watts 100 Watts <5 Watts Useful Computing Source: Rocky Mountain Institute Impact of saving energy

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©2021 VMware, Inc. 13 Employee Commute Energy Production Business Travel Food in the office Hardware Hardware Production Heating / Cooling Data Center Operation Network Traffic CPU Cycles Memory Consumption SWAG production Shipping / Transport Energy consumption Energy consumption

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• Hardware production consumes lots of energy and resources. • Buying less hardware is cheaper and better for the environment.

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• Only run software when necessary (scale to zero). • Eliminate “zombies”. They consume energy, space, and hardware.

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©2021 VMware, Inc. 19 1. In 2019, VMware consolidated a datacenter in Singapore. 66% of the host machines were “zombies“. They were decomissioned. 2. In a 2017 study, Jon Koomey surveyed 16,000 non- virtualized and virtualized physical servers, across 10 datacenters. He concluded that 25% of the physical servers were “zombies“ and 30% of the virtual machines were “zombies“. Two pieces of evidence

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©2021 VMware, Inc. 21 Memory constantly consumes energy • 1GB RAM consumes about 2W (varying)* CPUs consume a lot of energy • Lets assume an average of 50W* Rule of thumb • Reserve less memory • Reserve less vCPUs (* average rough number, varies depending on type of RAM, power vs. idle mode, and other factors)

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To put that into perspective One flight from FRA -> SFO, Economy, 747-8 ~1883 kgCO2 Dell PowerEdge R560, 32GB, 2 CPUs, x4 300 GB HDD ~1930 kgCO2 / year

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©2021 VMware, Inc. 32 Choose data center in cold regions (less cooling needed) Choose data center where the energy mix is best (depending on solar/wind conditions) Dynamically reschedule when conditions change ©2021 VMware, Inc. 25 Choose data center in cold regions (less cooling needed) Choose data center where the energy mix is best (depending on solar/wind conditions) Dynamically reschedule when conditions change

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©2021 VMware, Inc. 42 Offsetting is generally a good idea • Offsetting projects generally do good things • Choose the project wisely, not every offsetting project really pays off The important difference is: • Avoid emissions in the future (many offsetting projects are in this category) • Vs. Actively removing the same amount of CO2 from the atmosphere ©2021 VMware, Inc. 29 Offsetting is generally a good idea • Offsetting projects generally do good things • Choose the project wisely, not every offsetting project really pays off The important difference is: • Avoid emissions in the future (many offsetting projects are in this category) • Vs. Actively removing the same amount of CO2 from the atmosphere

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31 ©2021 VMware, Inc. Native Spring Applications The Spring team works hard to enable native image generation using the GraalVM native image technology for Spring Boot applications This can turn out to have a huge effect on the environment

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37 ©2021 VMware, Inc. Learn more: Green Software Foundation https://greensoftware.foundation Principles for sustainable software engineering https://principles.green Course by Microsoft: https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/learn/modules/sustainable- software-engineering-overview/

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