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SwiftUI ࣌ͷ
Functional
iOS Architecture
2020/09/21 iOSDC Japan 2020
Yasuhiro Inami / @inamiy
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ɹhttps://speakerdeck.com/inamiy/reactive-state-machine-japanese
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Reactive State Machine ͷৼΓฦΓ
• MVVM ͔Β Redux / Elm Architecture (Mealy Machine)
• Reducer = (Action, State) -> (State, Output)
• Output = Publisher
• ΞϓϦͷσʔλϑϩʔΛ୯ํͷϧʔϓʹ୯७Խ͠ɺঢ়ଶ
ཧͱςετΛ͘͢͢͠Δ
• ෭࡞༻ (IO) ʹؔܕϦΞΫςΟϒϓϩάϥϛϯά (FRP) Λ༻
͍Δ
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Reactive State Machine ͷৼΓฦΓ
• Proof of Concept
• ReactiveAutomaton (ReactiveSwift൛)
• RxAutomaton (RxSwift൛)
• ͦͷଞ
• React & Elm inspired frameworks in Swift
• SwiftElmɿUIKit্ͷԾViewϑϨʔϜϫʔΫʢࢼݧ࣮ʣ
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͋Ε͔Β4
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SwiftUI
Combine
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Reactive State Machine ͷޙܧ࡞ʮHarvestʯΛΦʔϓϯιʔε
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ࠓͷΞδΣϯμ
SwiftUI ࣌ͷ Functional iOS Architecture
• inamiy/Harvest
• pointfreeco/swift-composable-architecture
• bow-swift/bow-arch
• 3ͭͷϑϨʔϜϫʔΫͷڞ௨ͱҧ͍ʹ͍ͭͯ
• ReactɺElm ͳͲͷWebϑϩϯτΤϯυͱͷൺֱ
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!
Harvest
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!
Harvest
• Reactive State Machine (Elm Architecture෩) ࣮Λվྑ
• SwiftUI + Combine ରԠ (HarvestStore)
• Dependency Injection ίϯςφͱͯ͠ಇ͘
• FRPʹΑΔ ෭࡞༻ͷΩϡʔཧ ͱΩϟϯηϧॲཧ
• Optics (Lens & Prism) Λͬͨ State ͱ Action ͷ෦Խͱ
Reducer ͷ߹
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෭࡞༻ΛΩϡʔͰཧ͢Δ
• Publisher (Observable): ࣌ؒґଘͷ෭࡞༻ͷετϦʔϜ
• ετϦʔϜͷετϦʔϜ ( Publisher> ) ɺ
෭࡞༻ͷετϦʔϜΛʮΩϡʔཧʯ͍ͯ͠Δ͜ͱʹ૬
• Ωϡʔཧ͞Ε༷ͨʑͳετϦʔϜΛҰຊͷετϦʔϜʹ౷
߹͢ΔʢʹϞφυ߹ɺϑϥοτԽʣ
• Ωϡʔཧͷ ౷߹ઓུ (FlattenStrategy)
• merge, concat, concurrent(max:), switchLatest, race ͳͲ
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Elm Architecture + FRP ΛΈ߹ΘͤΔར
• FRPͷຊ࣭ɺ Publisher ෦ͷঢ়ଶΛӅṭ͠ͳ͕Βσʔλ
ϑϩʔΛߏஙͰ͖Δ ͜ͱ
• ͨͩ͠ɺঢ়ଶΛӅṭ͢Ε͢Δ΄Ͳɺঢ়ଶཧ͕͘͠ͳΔ
• Elm Architecture ʢσʔλϑϩʔͷ؆қԽͱঢ়ଶཧͷ
ٻʣΛϕʔεʹɺFRP Ͱʮͭ·Βͳ͍ঢ়ଶཧʯΛল͘
• ྫɿ throttle ࣌ͷલճೖྗ࣌ࠁͷهɺલड़ͷΩϡʔ
ཧ͞Εͨ෭࡞༻ͷ౷߹ܭࢉͳͲ
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Optics
(Lens & Prism)
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Optics (Lens & Prism)
• Lens: ঢ়ଶʢ௨ৗ struct ੵܕʣʹର͢Δ2ͭͷૢ࡞
• ྫɿϢʔβʔ໊ͷऔಘ (get) ͱߋ৽ (set)
• Prism: ΞΫγϣϯ (௨ৗ enum ܕ) ʹର͢Δ2ͭͷૢ࡞
• ྫɿ֤ case ͔ΒίϚϯυੜ & Φϓγϣϯऔಘ (tryGet)
struct User { enum Command {
var name: String case rm(rf: Bool)
} }
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struct Lens {
/// struct ϝϯόมͷऔಘ
let get: (Whole) -> Part
/// struct ϝϯόมͷߋ৽
let set: (Whole, Part) -> Whole
}
struct Prism {
/// enum case ͷ associated values ͷऔಘ
let tryGet: (Whole) -> Part?
/// case ؔʢenum ίϯετϥΫλʣ
let build: (Part) -> Whole
}
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Lens ͱ Prism Λͬͯ
Reducerͷ
ܕม ʴ ߹͕Մೳ
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Reducer ͕߹ՄೳͳΒ
ঢ়ଶͱΞΫγϣϯΛ
֤ίϯϙʔωϯτ͝ͱʹ
ղͯ͠ઃܭͰ͖Δ
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/// Reducer ͷ ChildState Λ State ʹมʢมؔखʣ
func contramapS
(_ lens: Lens) // ͔Βࢠͷࣹ
-> Reducer // ࢠ͔Β
-> Reducer // ͷࣹ
/// Reducer ͷ ChildAction Λ Action ʹมʢมؔखʣ
func contramapA
(_ prism: Prism) // ͔Βࢠͷࣹ
-> Reducer // ࢠ͔Β
-> Reducer // ͷࣹ
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Reducer ͷܕมͱ߹
func combine(reducers: [Reducer]) { ... }
let childReducer1: Reducer = ...
let childReducer2: Reducer = ...
// ࢠίϯϙʔωϯτ1,2ͷ Reducer ΛΛج४ʹมͯ͠߹͢Δ
let reducer: Reducer
= combine([
contramapS(lens1)(contramapA(prism1)(childReducer1))
contramapS(lens2)(contramapA(prism2)(childReducer2))
])
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Optics ·ͱΊ
• ΞϓϦͷ State (ओʹ struct) ͱ Action (ओʹ enum) Λڊେʹ
ͤͣɺπϦʔߏʹղͯ͠ɺݸʑͷίϯϙʔωϯτ͝ͱʹ
ཧ͢Δʢૄ݁߹Խʣ
• ݸʑͷίϯϙʔωϯτͷ Reducer Λશମʹ·ͱΊΔ ࡍʹ
Lens ͱ Prism ͕׆༂͢Δ (react-reduxͷ্Ґ൛)
• Optics ؔܕϓϩάϥϛϯάͱݍ Λͬͨදతͳς
ΫχοΫͷ1ͭ
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Harvest-SwiftUI-
Gallery
https://github.com/inamiy/Harvest-SwiftUI-Gallery
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Composable
Architecture
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Composable Architecture (TCA)
• Point-Free νʔϜʹΑΔ Elm Architecture ෩ͷ࣮
• Multi-Storeํࣜɿ ࠷্ҐͰͳ͘ɺʢ্ྲྀʣͱࢠʢԼ
ྲྀʣίϯϙʔωϯτ֤ʑʹରͯ͠ϦΞΫςΟϒʹΠϕϯτ
Λൖ͢Δ ʴ ॏෳࢭॲཧ
• swift-case-paths Λͬͨ Prism ࣮
• Lens Swiftඪ४ͷ WritableKeyPath Λͬͯ༻
• ˑ2000Ҏ্ɺυΩϡϝϯτͱϏσΦνϡʔτϦΞϧ͕ॆ࣮
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Case Paths
struct User {
var name: String
}
// WritableKeyPath
let keyPath = \User.name // όοΫεϥογϡ
enum Command {
case rm(rf: Bool)
}
// CasePath
let casePath = /Command.rm // ௨ৗͷεϥογϡ
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struct CasePath { // `Prism` ͱಉܕ
let embed: (Value) -> Root
let extract: (Root) -> Value?
}
prefix func / (
embed: @escaping (Value) -> Root
) -> CasePath { /*
!
Magic inside */ }
" prefix func / " ͷ෦࣮
Swift ͷϦϑϨΫγϣϯΛͬͯɺembedʢcaseؔʣ͔Β
extract Λࣗಈతʹಋग़͢Δ (རɿcodegen͕ཁΒͳ͍)
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ৄࡉͪ͜ΒͷηογϣϯΛ͝ཡ͍ͩ͘͞
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Bow Arch
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Bow Arch
• Tomás Ruiz-López ࢯ (47 Degrees ࣾ) ࡞ͷ UI Architecture
• Bow: Lightweight Higher Kinded Polymorphism (ߴΧΠϯυ
ଟ૬) Λͬͨؔܕϓϩάϥϛϯά༻ϥΠϒϥϦ
• func foo ͷΑ͏ͳॻ͖ํ͕Ͱ͖Δ
• ࢀߟɿSwiftͰߴΧΠϯυଟ૬ - Speaker Deck
• Comonadic UI: ݍʢֶʣΛͬͨUIઃܭख๏
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Comonadic UI
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ίϞφυ ≈ ΦϒδΣΫτࢦ − Մมࢀর
• SwiftUI.View Λ ίϞφυ ͱͯ͠ߟ͑Δ
• ίϞφυ: (෦)ঢ়ଶΛ࣋ͪɺঢ়ଶ͔Βܭࢉͨ݁͠ՌΛฦ͢
• ྫɿΠςϨʔλɺ෦ঢ়ଶΛߋ৽͠ͳ͕Β next Λग़ྗ
• ྫɿϏϧμʔɺड͚औͬͨύϥϝʔλΛ෦ঢ়ଶʹอ࣋
ͯ͠ɺ࠷ऴ݁ՌΛग़ྗ
• ྫɿReact Component (SwiftUI) ɺঢ়ଶΛ࣋ͪͭͭɺ
render (body) ͰԾDOM (View) Λग़ྗ
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struct Component: View {
// ݱࡏͷঢ়ଶ
var state: S
// ݱࡏͷঢ়ଶ͔ΒԾViewΛܭࢉ
let _body: (S) -> V
// Note: static var Ͱߟ͑Δͱɺܕ `Self -> V`
var body: V { _body(state) }
}
Component = W ͱ͓͘ͱɺ
body: W -> V ɾɾɾ ίϞφυʹॏཁͳ extract ͷੑ࣭
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// Ϟφυ M = UFʢίϯςΩετΛੜ͢Δܭࢉʣɹɹɹ// NOTEɿٙࣅSwift
protocol Monad[M] where Functor[M] {
static func `return`(_ c: C) -> M // η = unit
static func join(_ mmc: M>) -> M
// static func flatMap(_ f: C -> M)
// -> M -> M
}
// ίϞφυ W = FUʢίϯςΩετΛফඅ͢Δܭࢉʣ
protocol Comonad[W] where Functor[W] {
static func extract(_ wd: W) -> D // ε = counit
static func duplicate(_ wd: W) -> W>
// static func extend(_ f: W -> D2)
// -> W -> W
}
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ίϞφυ (Comonad)
// ٙࣅSwift
protocol Comonad[W] where Functor[W] {
static func extract(_ wd: W) -> D
static func duplicate(_ wd: W) -> W>
}
• extract: ΦϒδΣΫτ W ͔ΒίϯςΩετΛফඅͯ͠ D
Λग़ྗʢe.g. ঢ়ଶΛͬͯ View Λग़ྗʣ
• duplicate: ΦϒδΣΫτͷऔΓ͏ΔະདྷਤΛੜʢޙड़ʣ
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duplicate ͷΠϝʔδʢྫɿແݶετϦʔϜʣ
let stream = [ 0, 1, 2, ... ] // ݱ࣌ͷແݶετϦʔϜ
// ʢݱࡏͱະདྷͷʣແݶετϦʔϜΛཁૉʹ࣋ͭແݶετϦʔϜ
duplicate(stream)
= [ [ 0, 1, 2, ... ], // ݱࡏͷ `stream` Λෳ
[ 1, 2, 3, ... ], // ෳ + shift
[ 2, 3, 4, ... ], // ෳ + shift 2ճ
[ 3, 4, 5, ... ], // ෳ + shift 3ճ
... ]
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duplicate ͷΠϝʔδʢྫɿSwiftUI / Reactʣ
let makeComp: (S) -> Component = Component(_body: ...) // ෦ద༻
let component: Component = makeComp(state: ...) // ݱࡏͷ Component
// ʢݱࡏͱະདྷͷʣComponent Λੜ͢Δ Component
duplicate(component)
= Component(_body: makeComp, state: component.state)
≈ [ /* ݱࡏͷ Component ͷෳ */,
/* ෳ + ঢ়ଶͷҰ෦͕มߋ͞Εͨ Component */,
/* ෳ + ঢ়ଶͷผͷҰ෦͕มߋ͞Εͨ Component */,
... ] // Component ͕औΓ͏Δશͯͷঢ়ଶͷۭؒ
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Component ≅ Store ίϞφυ
struct Component {
// ݱࡏͷঢ়ଶ
var state: S
// ݱࡏͷঢ়ଶ͔ΒԾViewΛܭࢉ
let _body: (S) -> V
}
struct Store {
let state: S
let render: (S) -> A
}
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࣮ࡍͷ ComponentʢΠϕϯτϋϯυϥ͖ʣ
struct Component {
// ݱࡏͷঢ়ଶ
var state: S
// ݱࡏͷঢ়ଶͱʮΠϕϯτϋϯυϥʯΛͯ͠ԾViewΛܭࢉ
let view: (S) -> (EventHandler) -> V
}
typealias EventHandler = (Action) -> IO /* ෭࡞༻ */
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͜͜Ͱɺ
typealias UI = (EventHandler) -> V
ͱ͓͘ͱɺ
struct Component {
var state: S
let view: (S) -> UI
}
Component Store> ͱ͍͏ܗͰද͞ΕΔ
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ίϞφυͷ෦ঢ়ଶΛ֎͔Βૢ࡞͢Δ
ઌ΄ͲͷແݶετϦʔϜͷྫͰɺ shift ʢ0, 1, 2, l߭Ďůሑ
Ⅲ۷ƑҠቔƎཌྷ֒čǸǠǟƵƆƂDžƾȀDSLͰදͤΔʣ
// ແݶετϦʔϜʢίϞφυʣ // Shiftૢ࡞ʢϞφυʣ
indirect enum Stream { indirect enum Shift {
case cons(A, Stream) case done(A)
} case shift(Shift)
}
Q. ͜ΕΒ2ͭͷܕͲͷΑ͏ͳؔʹ͋Δͷ͔ʁ
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A. Stream ίϞφυͱ Shift ϞφυʮϖΞ (Pairing)ʯΛͳ͢
protocol Pairing[F, G] {
// ݍͰݴ͏ɺDayʢΞϓϦΧςΟϒʣ߹ੵ͔Β߃ؔखͷࣗવม
static func pair(f: (A, B) -> C) -> F -> G -> C
}
extension Pairing[Shift, Stream] {
static func pair(f: (A, B) -> C) -> Shift -> Stream -> C {
switch (shift, stream) {
case let (.done(a), .cons(b, _)):
return f(a, b)
case let (.shift(nextShift), .cons(_, nextStream)):
return pair(f)(nextShift)(nextStream)
}
}
}
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Pairing Λ͏ͱɺϞφυͰද͞ΕΔঢ়ଶૢ࡞ʹΑͬͯɺίϞ
φυͷະདྷΛܾΊΔ͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖Δɻ
// `stream` ͷະདྷΛ `shift` ͰܾΊΔ
func select(shift: Shift<()>, stream: Stream) -> Stream {
pair({ _, stream in stream })(shift)(duplicate(stream))
}
// ҰൠతʹɺҙͷϞφυɾίϞφυͷϖΞʹ͍ͭͯΓཱͭ
func select(monad: M<()>, comonad: W) -> W
where Monad[M], Comonad[W], Pairing[M, W]
{
pair({ _, comonad in comonad })(monad)(duplicate(comonad))
}
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ͳ͓ɺ SwiftUI ্ͷ ComponentʢStore ίϞφυʣͷ߹ɺঢ়
ଶૢ࡞ͱͯ͠ State ϞφυΛ͏͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖Δʢཧ༝ޙड़ʣ
struct Store {
let state: S
let render: (S) -> A
}
struct State {
let runState: S -> (A, S)
}
extension Pairing[State, Store] { ... }
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Stream ίϞφυ → Shift Ϟφυ
Store ίϞφυ → State Ϟφυ
Q. ίϞφυͷϖΞͱͳΔϞφυ
ͲͷΑ͏ʹݟ͚ͭΔͷ͔ʁ
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// ݍͰݴ͏ɺComonadʹԊͬͨ߃ؔखͷӈKan Liftɻ
// ҙͷίϞφυ `W` ʹରԠ͢Δʢঢ়ଶૢ࡞ͷʣϞφυ `Co` Λߏ͢Δ͜ͱ͕Մೳɻ
struct Co {
let runCo: W R> -> R
}
extension Monad[Co] where Comonad[W] {
static func `return`(_ c: C) -> Co {
Co { wf in W.extract(wf)(c) }
}
static func join(_ mmc: Co>) -> Co
Co { (wc2r: W R>) in
mmc.runCo(
W.extend({ wc2r in { (mc: Co) in mc.runCo(wc2r) } })(wc2r)
)
}
}
}
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Co Λ͏ͱɺྫ͑
Co, A> ≅ State ΛಘΔɻ
ূ໌ɿ
Co ≅ ∀R. W R> -> R ΑΓ
Co, A>
≅ ∀R. Store R> -> R
≅ ∀R. (S, (S -> A -> R)) -> R
≅ S -> ∀R. ((S, A) -> R) -> R // ΧϦʔԽ
≅ S -> (S, A) // ถాͷิ
≅ State
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͜͜·Ͱͷཧ (Comonadic UI)
• ίϞφυͷ extract ʹΑͬͯɺঢ়ଶ͔ΒViewΛੜ͢Δ
• ίϞφυͷ duplicate ʹΑͬͯɺUIͷະདྷਤΛ࡞Δ
• ίϞφυͷϖΞͱͳΔ ঢ়ଶૢ࡞༻ͷϞφυΛ Co Ͱࢦ
ఆ ͢Δ
• select ͰίϞφυͱঢ়ଶૢ࡞༻ϞφυͷϖΞ͔Βɺ ະདྷͷ
UI༻ίϞφυΛબ͢Δ
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ίϞφυ × ෭࡞༻ (IO)
// ίϞφυΛϥοϓͯ͠ɺະདྷબͱ෭࡞༻ͷ࣮ߦʢՄมࢀরͷߋ৽ΛؚΉʣΛߦ͏
class EffectComponent: ObservableObject where Comonad[W] {
@Published var comonad: W>
func explore() -> V {
W.extract(comonad) { (action: IO>) in
action.flatMap { (monad: Co) in
let nextComonad = select(monad, self.comonad.duplicate())
return IO.invoke {
self.comonad = nextComonad
}
}
}
}
}
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ίϞφυ × ෭࡞༻ = ΦϒδΣΫτࢦϓϩάϥϛϯά (OOP)
• EffectComponent OOPʹ͓͚ΔʮΦϒδΣΫτʯ
ʢͦͷෳࡶ͞ΛʮίϞφυʯͱʮ෭࡞༻ʯʹղ͢Δʣ
• W = Store ίϞφυͷ߹ɺ ϖΞͱͳΔ ঢ়ଶϞφυͱͦΕʹ
͏෭࡞༻ɺ setState ʢঢ়ଶͷʮߋ৽ʯʣͱՁ
• React SwiftUIʢ@State ͷՄมࢀরʣͷੈք؍ͱҰக
• Note: ίϯϙʔωϯτͷωετɺίϞφυมࢠΛ͏
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Q. EffectComponent ɺ
ଞͷίϞφυ W ʹ͑ΔͷͰʁ !
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Moore ίϞφυ
indirect enum Moore { // I = ೖྗɺ A = ग़ྗ
// ݱࡏͷग़ྗͱɺʮೖྗ͔ΒະདྷͷMooreίϞφυʯͷੜؔ
case runMoore(A, I -> Moore)
}
∃S. (initial: S, reducer: S -> I -> S, render: S ->
A) ͱಉܕ (Moore State Machineɺঢ়ଶͷʮؒߋ৽ʯ)
࣮ྫɿ Elm Architecture, Redux
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༨ࣗ༝ίϞφυ (Cofree)
// ҙͷؔख `F` ʹରͯ͠ɺίϞφυΛ࡞Δ͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖Δɻ
// `F(X) = I -> X` ͷͱ͖ɺMooreɻ`F(X) = ()` ͷͱ͖ɺ㱽S.Storeɻ
indirect enum Cofree {
case runCofree(A, F>)
}
ϖΞͱͳΔࣗ༝Ϟφυ (Free) ͕ΫΤϦDSLʹͳΔ
࣮ྫɿ PureScript Halogen
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Comonad → Architecture
Store → React
Moore → Elm
Cofree → PureScript
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ίϞφυ
ΞʔΩςΫνϟʔΛ
نఆ͢Δ
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No content
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·ͱΊ
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·ͱΊ
• SwiftUI ͷຊ࣭ ʮίϞφυʯ
• ίϞφυͷߏ͕ UIΞʔΩςΫνϟʔͷύλʔϯ ΛܾΊΔ
• React, Elm, PureScript Halogen, etc...
• ঢ়ଶɺΞΫγϣϯɺ Reducer Λ֤ίϯϙʔωϯτ͝ͱʹղ
͠ɺ Optics Λͬͯ·ͱΊ্͛Δ
• ؔܕϓϩάϥϛϯάͱݍɿ ຊ࣭Λཧղ͢Δڧྗͳख๏
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Harvest TCA Bow Arch
GitHub Stars ˑ 300 ˑ 2000 ˑ 100
࡞ऀͷΔؾ
❓
қ Medium Medium Hard
෭࡞༻ Combine Combine BowEffects
Optics FunOptics WritableKeyPath
& CasePaths
BowOptics
Comonadic UI Moore Moore Any Comonads
ӨڹΛड͚ͨݴޠ Elm Elm & React PureScript & ݍ
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References (Libraries & Optics)
•
!
Harvest: Apple's Combine.framework + State Machine,
inspired by Elm
• Composable Architecture
• bow-arch: Comonadic UIs
• Brandon Williams - Lenses in Swift
• Lenses and Prisms in Swift: a pragmatic approach | Fun iOS
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References (Comonadic UI)
• Declarative UIs are the Future — And the Future is
Comonadic!
• The Future Is Comonadic! - Speaker Deck
• Comonads for user interfaces - Arthur Xavier
• A Real-World Application with a Comonadic User Interface
• The Comonad.Reader » Monads from Comonads
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References (෬ઢճऩ)
• Reactive State Machine (Japanese) - Speaker Deck
• SwiftͰElmΛ࡞Δ (Japanese) - Speaker Deck
• SwiftͰߴΧΠϯυଟ૬ - Speaker Deck
• ݍͱSwiftͷԠ༻ / iOSDC Japan 2018 - Speaker Deck
• ϓϩάϥϚͷͨΊͷϞφυ(ݍ) - Speaker Deck
• ݍͱϓϩάϥϛϯά - Speaker Deck
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Thanks!
Yasuhiro Inami
@inamiy