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Writing Modes

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“ — Bruce Lawson It’ s the World Wide Web, not the Wealthy Western Web.

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drafts.csswg.org/css-writing-modes

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direction / dir writing-mode text-orientation

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Display Level 3

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drafts.csswg.org/css-display

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div { display: block; }

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div { display: inline; }

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div { display: inline-block; }

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display: block; display: inline; display: inline-block; display: none; display: table; display: flex; display: grid;

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display: ;

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display: ;

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The outer display type dictates   how the box participates in its   parent’s formatting context. = block inline run-in

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The outer display type dictates   how the box participates in its   parent’s formatting context. = block inline run-in

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The inner display type defines the kind of formatting context  it generates, dictating how its descendant boxes are laid out. = flow flex flow-root grid table ruby

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Short `display` Full `display ` Generated box block block flow block-level block container flow-root block flow-root block-level block container w/ new Block Formatting Context inline inline flow inline box inline-block inline flow-root inline-level block container flex block flex block-level flex container inline-flex inline flex inline-level flex container grid block grid block-level grid container inline-grid inline grid inline-level grid container table block table block-level table wrapper box inline-table inline table inline-level table wrapper box

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Short `display` Full `display ` Generated box none subtree omitted from box tree contents element replaced by contents in box tree run-in run-in flow run-in box (inline box with special box-tree munging rules) list-item list-item block flow block box with additional marker box inline-list-item list-item inline flow inline box with additional marker box ruby inline ruby inline-level ruby container block ruby block ruby block box containing ruby container layout-specific internal box (a bunch more table & ruby stuff) (like table-row-group, table-column, ruby-base-container…)

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Writing Modes

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inline direction When I’m writing or reading this is the way the characters flow

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block flow direction

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Acharacter orientation

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block direction inline direction Acharacter orientation

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SYSTEMS LIKE LATIN block direction inline direction Acharacter orientation

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SYSTEMS LIKE ARABIC inline direction block direction Acharacter orientation

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direction

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.foo { direction: ltr; } .foo { direction: rtl; }

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“ — The Writing Modes Spec Authors should not use `direction`.

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… …

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… …

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SYSTEMS LIKE LATIN SYSTEMS LIKE ARABIC block direction inline direction block direction inline direction

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English words

.ﺔﯿﺑﺮﻌﻟا تﺎﻤﻠﻜﻟا

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English words in this paragraph. .تﺎﻤﻠﻜﻟ Some more LTR words, same paragraph.

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SYSTEMS LIKE LATIN SYSTEMS LIKE ARABIC block direction inline direction block direction inline direction

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... Example: Writing Mode 1A

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unicode-bidi

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“ — The Writing Modes Spec Authors should not use `unicode-bidi`.

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youtube.com/watch?v=XgqP0qogg6U fantasai.inkedblade.net/style/talks/bidi/

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SYSTEMS LIKE LATIN SYSTEMS LIKE ARABIC block direction inline direction block direction inline direction

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SYSTEMS LIKE MONGOLIAN block direction inline direction

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SYSTEMS LIKE MONGOLIAN block direction inline direction

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HAN-BASED SYSTEMS block direction inline direction *Chinese, Japanese, Korean & more

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HAN-BASED SYSTEMS block direction inline direction block direction inline direction *Chinese, Japanese, Korean & more

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HAN-BASED SYSTEMS block direction inline direction block direction inline direction *Chinese, Japanese, Korean & more

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writing-mode

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THREE OPTIONS FOR WRITING-MODE writing-mode: vertical-lr; writing-mode: vertical-rl; toggle w/ dir writing-mode: horizontal-tb;

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HAN-BASED SYSTEMS *Chinese, Japanese, Korean & more writing-mode: horizontal-tb; writing-mode: vertical-rl;

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chenhuijing.com/zh-type

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chenhuijing.com/blog/chinese-web-typography

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HAN-BASED SYSTEMS *Chinese, Japanese, Korean & more writing-mode: horizontal-tb; writing-mode: vertical-rl;

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h1:nth-child(2) { writing-mode: vertical-rl; }

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h1:nth-child(2) { writing-mode: ???; }

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1) text flowing 2) like this writing-mode: vertical-rl;

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NOPE! 1) text flowing 2) like this writing-mode: vertical-lr; 1) text flowing 2) like this writing-mode: vertical-rl;

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2) like this 1) text flowing 1) text flowing 2) like this SYSTEMS LIKE MONGOLIAN HAN-BASED SYSTEMS

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SYSTEMS LIKE MONGOLIAN

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SYSTEMS

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Block Start Top of Horizontal scripts hello A

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2) like this 1) text flowing 1) text flowing 2) like this SYSTEMS LIKE MONGOLIAN HAN-BASED SYSTEMS

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section { writing-mode: vertical-rl; } (This triggers text-orientation: mixed as the default.) Example: Writing Mode 1A

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section { writing-mode: vertical-lr; } Example: Writing Mode 1A

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THREE OPTIONS FOR WRITING-MODE direction block inline direction writing-mode: vertical-lr; block direction inline direction writing-mode: vertical-rl; block direction inline direction toggle w/ dir writing-mode: horizontal-tb; creates a vertical typographic mode

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TWO MORE (FUTURE) OPTIONS FOR WRITING-MODE block direction inline direction writing-mode: sideways-lr; block direction inline direction writing-mode: sideways-rl; creates a horizontal typographic mode only A A

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section { writing-mode: sideways-rl; } Example: Writing Mode 1A

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section { writing-mode: sideways-lr; } Example: Writing Mode 1A

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block direction inline direction writing-mode: sideways-rl; block direction inline direction writing-mode: vertical-rl; A ෈

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direction block inline direction writing-mode: vertical-lr; block direction inline direction writing-mode: sideways-lr; A

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creates a vertical typographic mode THREE OPTIONS FOR WRITING-MODE direction block inline direction writing-mode: vertical-lr; block direction inline direction writing-mode: vertical-rl; block direction inline direction toggle w/ dir writing-mode: horizontal-tb;

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My Cool Website

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My Cool Website how?

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My Cool Website writing-mode: vertical-rl; transform: rotate(180deg); text-orientation: sideways; (needed to fix punctuation / underlining) text-align: right;

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text-orientation

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HAN-LIKE SYSTEMS ෈

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options for vertical writing modes text-orientation: mixed; text-orientation: upright; text-orientation: sideways; THREE OPTIONS FOR TEXT-ORIENTATION

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section { writing-mode: vertical-rl; text-orientation: upright; } Example: Writing Mode 1A

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section { writing-mode: vertical-lr; text-orientation: upright; } Example: Writing Mode 1A

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block direction inline direction writing-mode: sideways-rl; block direction inline direction writing-mode: vertical-rl; text-orientation: mixed; creates a horizontal typographic mode creates a vertical typographic mode

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My Cool Website writing-mode: vertical-rl; transform: rotate(180deg); text-orientation: sideways; (needed to fix punctuation / underlining) text-align: right;

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h1 { writing-mode: vertical-rl; } Example: Writing Mode 4A

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h1 { writing-mode: vertical-rl; transform: rotate(180deg); text-align: right; text-orientation: sideways; } Example: Writing Mode 4B

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h1 { writing-mode: vertical-rl; text-orientation: upright; text-transform: uppercase; } Example: Writing Mode 4C

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h1 { writing-mode: vertical-rl; text-orientation: upright; text-transform: uppercase; transform: rotate(180deg); } Example: Writing Mode 4D

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Made by Few

Example: Writing Mode 3A

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h1 span:nth-child(2) { writing-mode: vertical-rl; text-orientation: upright; font-size: 45%; } Example: Writing Mode 3A

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h1 { display: grid; } h1 span:nth-child(1) { grid-column: 1 / 3; grid-row: 1 / 2; } h1 span:nth-child(2) { grid-column: 1 / 2; grid-row: 2 / 3; } h1 span:nth-child(3) { grid-column: 2 / 3; grid-row: 2 / 3; } Example: Writing Mode 3A

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SUMMARY

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block direction inline direction Acharacter orientation

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SYSTEMS LIKE LATIN A

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SYSTEMS LIKE ARABIC A

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HAN-LIKE SYSTEMS *Chinese, Japanese, Korean & more ෈ ෈

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MONGOLIAN-LIKE SYSTEMS

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dir writing-mode text-orientation

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SYSTEMS LIKE LATIN SYSTEMS LIKE ARABIC block direction inline direction block direction inline direction A A

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THREE OPTIONS FOR WRITING-MODE direction block inline direction writing-mode: vertical-lr; block direction inline direction writing-mode: vertical-rl; block direction inline direction toggle w/ direction writing-mode: horizontal-tb; creates a vertical typographic mode ෈ ෈ A

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options for vertical writing modes text-orientation: mixed; text-orientation: upright; text-orientation: sideways; THREE OPTIONS FOR TEXT-ORIENTATION

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Start & End

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block inline

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block end inline start inline end block start

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block end inline start inline end block start

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block start inline end inline start block end

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end start end start

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Logical Properties

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margin-block-start: 1rem; padding-inline-end: 1rem; border-block-end: 1px solid black; text-align: start; float: inline-start;

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drafts.csswg.org/css-logical

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Alignment

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w3.org/TR/css-align-3

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from CSS Tricks’ Complete Guide to Flexbox

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Justify vs. Align

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block inline

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start center end s t r e t c h Align

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Align

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start center end s t r e t c h Justify

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Justify

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cross axis main axis flex-direction: row;

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cross axis main axis Justify Align flex-direction: row;

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main axis Justify cross axis Align flex-direction: column;

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Grid Justify 1 4 5 2 3 6 8 7 9 Align writing-mode: horizontal-tb; grid-auto-flow: row;

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Grid Justify 1 4 5 2 3 6 8 7 9 writing-mode: horizontal-tb; grid-auto-flow: column; Align