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Eric Deandrea Sr. Principal Developer Advocate Red Hat @edeandrea Avoiding common pitfalls with modern microservices testing Drawings courtesy of Holly Cummins

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@edeandrea #RedHat #DevNation

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@edeandrea #RedHat #DevNation “Every time we touch one microservice, all the others break.”

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@edeandrea #RedHat #DevNation

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@edeandrea #RedHat #DevNation “My end-to-end test environment is only up the third weekend every month.”

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@edeandrea #RedHat #DevNation Disclaimer!

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@edeandrea #RedHat #DevNation Disclaimer! I am not a tester. (or even test expert)

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@edeandrea #RedHat #DevNation Disclaimer! I am not a tester. (or even test expert) That’s ok– testing is every developer’s job!

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@edeandrea #RedHat #DevNation Why is testing microservices so hard?

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@edeandrea #RedHat #DevNation Netflix microservice architecture

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@edeandrea #RedHat #DevNation Death star “That’s no moon. It’s our architecture.”

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@edeandrea #RedHat #DevNation Do microservices solve all problems?

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@edeandrea #RedHat #DevNation A microservice system: a portrait

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@edeandrea #RedHat #DevNation Netflix microservice architecture

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@edeandrea #RedHat #DevNation Netflix microservice architecture Testing with microservices is easy!

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@edeandrea #RedHat #DevNation Netflix microservice architecture Testing with microservices is easy! My services are so small! Everything is decoupled!

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@edeandrea #RedHat #DevNation Netflix microservice architecture Testing with microservices is easy! My services are so small! Everything is decoupled! But….. If you only test the points, And not the lines…. Does the thing actually work?

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@edeandrea #RedHat #DevNation distributed != decoupled

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@edeandrea #RedHat #DevNation Understand the coupling

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@edeandrea #RedHat #DevNation “It is all that is left unsaid upon which tragedies are built.” - Kreia, Star Wars Knights of the Old Republic II: The Sith Lords

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@edeandrea #RedHat #DevNation

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@edeandrea #RedHat #DevNation This is not the answer.

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@edeandrea #RedHat #DevNation “You lied to me. How many other lies have I been told by the Council? And how do you know that you even have the truth?” – Anakin Skywalker

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@edeandrea #RedHat #DevNation “Many of the truths that we cling to depend on our viewpoint.” — Obi-Wan Kenobi, Return of the Jedi

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@edeandrea #RedHat #DevNation “In my book, experience outranks everything.” — Captain Rex, The Clone Wars

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@edeandrea #RedHat #DevNation Ok, so how do we try these out?

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@edeandrea #RedHat #DevNation Get good at testing.

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@edeandrea #RedHat #DevNation Get good at testing. And automation.

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end-to-end tests high realism high value

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end-to-end tests unit tests low effort high realism high value

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end-to-end tests unit tests integration tests low effort high realism high value

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end-to-end tests unit tests integration tests low effort high realism

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end-to-end tests unit tests integration tests low effort high realism tests with application server test REST endpoints tests with a database

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@edeandrea #RedHat #DevNation their code our code Why mocks aren’t enough

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@edeandrea #RedHat #DevNation our mock our code Why mocks aren’t enough

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@edeandrea #RedHat #DevNation our mock our code ✔ tests Why mocks aren’t enough

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@edeandrea #RedHat #DevNation our mock our code Why mocks aren’t enough

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@edeandrea #RedHat #DevNation our mock our code ✔ tests ✘ reality our code their actual code Why mocks aren’t enough

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@edeandrea #RedHat #DevNation a mock stormtrooper

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@edeandrea #RedHat #DevNation a mock stormtrooper “Aren’t you a little short for a stormtrooper?” – Princess Leia

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@edeandrea #RedHat #DevNation https://www.flickr.com/photos/jdhancock/4811282106 Source: https://medium.com/jung-skywalker/star-wars-symbology-luke-han-and-how-to-face-the-abyss-e9fa966319b5

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@edeandrea #RedHat #DevNation Demo The limitations of unit tests https://github.com/edeandrea/pact-quarkus-wookie-carpet-demo

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@edeandrea #RedHat #DevNation “Will someone get this big walking carpet out of my way?” – Princess Leia Demo The limitations of unit tests https://github.com/edeandrea/pact-quarkus-wookie-carpet-demo

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@edeandrea #RedHat #DevNation “Will someone get this big walking carpet out of my way?” – Princess Leia Demo The limitations of unit tests https://github.com/edeandrea/pact-quarkus-wookie-carpet-demo

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@edeandrea #RedHat #DevNation A potential solution

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@edeandrea #RedHat #DevNation How to test a fire alarm?

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@edeandrea #RedHat #DevNation

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@edeandrea #RedHat #DevNation How NOT to test a fire alarm!

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@edeandrea #RedHat #DevNation

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Unit testing a fire alarm

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@edeandrea #RedHat #DevNation uh … is that enough?

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@edeandrea #RedHat #DevNation

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@edeandrea #RedHat #DevNation contract testing a fire alarm

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end-to-end tests unit tests integration tests low effort high realism high value

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end-to-end tests unit tests integration tests low effort high realism high value contract tests

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@edeandrea #RedHat #DevNation our code their code A better mock

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@edeandrea #RedHat #DevNation our code their code contract test mock functional test A better mock

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@edeandrea #RedHat #DevNation ✔ our tests ✔ their tests ✔ reality our code their code contract test mock functional test A better mock

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@edeandrea #RedHat #DevNation our code their code A better mock

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@edeandrea #RedHat #DevNation our code their code contract test mock functional test A better mock

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@edeandrea #RedHat #DevNation ✔ our tests ✘ their tests ✘ reality our code their code contract test mock functional test A better mock

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@edeandrea #RedHat #DevNation A better mock our code their code

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@edeandrea #RedHat #DevNation A better mock our code their code contract test mock functional test

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@edeandrea #RedHat #DevNation ✘ our tests ✔ their tests ✘ reality A better mock our code their code contract test mock functional test

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@edeandrea #RedHat #DevNation Pact Contract Testing

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@edeandrea #RedHat #DevNation Demo

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@edeandrea #RedHat #DevNation “Help me, Pact! You’re my only hope!” – Princess Leia (almost) Demo

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@edeandrea #RedHat #DevNation “Uh, you’re telling me that consumers can break a provider’s tests?”

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@edeandrea #RedHat #DevNation Consumer-driven contract testing

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@edeandrea #RedHat #DevNation consumer Consumer-driven contract testing

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@edeandrea #RedHat #DevNation contract consumer tests mock declare (Pact) Pact file Consumer-driven contract testing Spring Cloud Contract Pact

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@edeandrea #RedHat #DevNation contract consumer tests provider mock declare (Pact) contract tests verify Pact file Consumer-driven contract testing Spring Cloud Contract Pact Pact

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@edeandrea #RedHat #DevNation contract consumer tests provider mock declare (Pact) contract tests verify Pact file Consumer-driven contract testing ☑ rich semantic testing Spring Cloud Contract Pact Pact

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@edeandrea #RedHat #DevNation contract consumer tests provider mock declare (Pact) contract tests verify Pact file Consumer-driven contract testing ☑ rich semantic testing ☑ provider can ‘develop to the contract’ instead of developing speculatively (TDD) Spring Cloud Contract Pact Pact

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@edeandrea #RedHat #DevNation contract consumer tests provider mock declare (Pact) contract tests verify Pact file Consumer-driven contract testing ☑ rich semantic testing ☑ provider can ‘develop to the contract’ instead of developing speculatively (TDD) ⛔ existing spec assets cannot be re-purposed Spring Cloud Contract Pact Pact

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@edeandrea #RedHat #DevNation contract consumer tests provider mock declare (Pact) contract tests verify Pact file Consumer-driven contract testing ☑ rich semantic testing ☑ provider can ‘develop to the contract’ instead of developing speculatively (TDD) ⛔ existing spec assets cannot be re-purposed ⛔ provider needs to know who consumers are Spring Cloud Contract Pact Pact

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@edeandrea #RedHat #DevNation contract consumer tests provider mock declare (Pact) contract tests verify Pact file Consumer-driven contract testing ☑ rich semantic testing ☑ provider can ‘develop to the contract’ instead of developing speculatively (TDD) ⛔ existing spec assets cannot be re-purposed ⛔ provider needs to know who consumers are ⛔ consumers can break provider CI Spring Cloud Contract Pact Pact

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@edeandrea #RedHat #DevNation …but I want to just use Swagger/OpenAPI

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@edeandrea #RedHat #DevNation Is Pact always the best choice?

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@edeandrea #RedHat #DevNation Provider-driven contract testing

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@edeandrea #RedHat #DevNation consumer provider Provider-driven contract testing

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@edeandrea #RedHat #DevNation contract consumer provider OpenAPI Provider-driven contract testing generate (OpenAPI snapshot of current implementation) other protocol specs

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@edeandrea #RedHat #DevNation contract consumer provider contract tests verify OpenAPI Provider-driven contract testing generate (OpenAPI snapshot of current implementation) other protocol specs Schemathesis Microcks

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@edeandrea #RedHat #DevNation contract consumer tests provider mock contract tests verify OpenAPI Provider-driven contract testing generate (OpenAPI snapshot of current implementation) other protocol specs Prism Microcks Schemathesis Microcks

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@edeandrea #RedHat #DevNation contract consumer tests provider mock contract tests verify OpenAPI Provider-driven contract testing generate (OpenAPI snapshot of current implementation) other protocol specs ☑ familiar contract format Prism Microcks Schemathesis Microcks

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@edeandrea #RedHat #DevNation contract consumer tests provider mock contract tests verify OpenAPI Provider-driven contract testing generate (OpenAPI snapshot of current implementation) other protocol specs ☑ familiar contract format ☑ provider does not need comms with consumers Prism Microcks Schemathesis Microcks

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@edeandrea #RedHat #DevNation contract consumer tests provider mock contract tests verify OpenAPI Provider-driven contract testing generate (OpenAPI snapshot of current implementation) other protocol specs ☑ familiar contract format ☑ provider does not need comms with consumers ⛔ provider does not get insight into how API is being used (deprecation is harder) Prism Microcks Schemathesis Microcks

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@edeandrea #RedHat #DevNation contract consumer tests provider mock contract tests verify OpenAPI Provider-driven contract testing generate (OpenAPI snapshot of current implementation) other protocol specs ☑ familiar contract format ☑ provider does not need comms with consumers ⛔ provider does not get insight into how API is being used (deprecation is harder) ⛔ spec-based tests lack functional depth Prism Microcks Schemathesis Microcks

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@edeandrea #RedHat #DevNation Is OpenAPI enough? It has the same syntax, but the semantics are different.

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@edeandrea #RedHat #DevNation Is OpenAPI enough? It has the same syntax, but the semantics are different. It looks the same, but the behaviour is different.

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@edeandrea #RedHat #DevNation Is OpenAPI enough? It has the same syntax, but the semantics are different. It looks the same, but the behaviour is different. Looks like a storm trooper. Behaves like Luke. (because it it is Luke)

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@edeandrea #RedHat #DevNation Demo: Semantic testing with Pact

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@edeandrea #RedHat #DevNation

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@edeandrea #RedHat #DevNation soo … microservices testing is hard limit end-to-end testing mocks will not be enough contract testing can rescue you

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@edeandrea #RedHat #DevNation ® Thank you! @edeandrea

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@edeandrea #RedHat #DevNation Additional Resources

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@edeandrea #RedHat #DevNation https://github.com/quarkusio/quarkus-super-heroes More realistic sample application (fewer wookies)

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@edeandrea #RedHat #DevNation Kubernetes Native Java with Quarkus Deployment Developer Joy ● Quickly & easily build Kubernetes-Native Java applications ● Industry leader in startup time and memory utilization for native and JVM applications ● One step native executable generation ● Leverage existing Java, Jakarta, MicroProfile, & Spring expertise ● Imperative & reactive APIs side-by-side ● Live coding with zero config https://www.infoq.com/articles/native-java-quarkus

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@edeandrea #RedHat #DevNation https://www.oreilly.com/library/view/reactive-systems-in/9781492091714 https://developers.redhat.com/e-books/understanding-quarkus https://developers.redhat.com/e-books/practising-quarkus