! CHANGING PRACTICE, ONE PR AT A TIME

! johndbritton

!

WHAT IS A PULL REQUEST?

FEATURE

“Hey, I think you missed a spot.”

CONTRIBUTE

COMMUNICATE

PHILOSOPHY

“We’re always learning.”

IMPROVEMENT

AN INVITATION

SOCIAL CODING = SOCIAL LEARNING

WHAT DO PULL REQUESTS HAVE TO DO WITH PEDAGOGY?

3 SHIFTS IN CLASSROOM PRACTICE

APPLIED APPROACH

SOCIAL SKILLS

KNOWLEDGE CO-CONSTRUCTION

CLASSROOM AS COMMUNITY

FROM TO

HOW DO PULL REQUESTS FOSTER COMMUNITY?

DO THE PEOPLE WHO LIKE IT TAKE CARE OF EACH OTHER? COMMUNITY:

COMMUNITY OF INQUIRY MODEL

TEACHING PRESENCE

“Pull requests (PR) are the heart of the GitHub work- flow, and we took advantage of PRs, including task lists so that students could report on their work in progress and get over initial humps. Any merged PR got extra credit(!). Because the course had been improved in some way—this seemed like an interesting standard for giving out extra credit.” - Jim Baker, University of Colorado

ATTACH WIP PULL REQUESTS

CI / PASSING INTEGRATION

COGNITIVE PRESENCE

STUDENTS FIND MENTORS “UPSTREAM”

“To get the students involved in their projects, we encouraged them to make actual contributions. Several teams were successful in this, and offered pull requests that were actually merged…. The open source projects generally welcomed these contributions, as illustrated by the HornetQ reaction” - Arie van Deursen, Delft University of Technology

PATCHES == EXTRA CREDIT

“Your job is to identify an existing ticket in an upstream project and send a patch. For every patch you submit that gets accepted, you get extra credit. I totally have students “hacking” their grade in my course, and submitting 17 patches by the end of it. That makes me pretty confident that at the end of the class they will do this stuff in real life, because they are doing it on their own.” - Remy DeCausemaker, RIT

SOCIAL PRESENCE

DIGITAL IDENTITY

Developers also sought out more information on others in response to code contributions. They sought out information about other developers’ interaction style and interest to inform how they communicated with them. They also formed ability and expertise impressions based on profile information. These impressions influenced the way they handled project contributions moreso when the value of submitted contributions was uncertain, the contributor was unknown and future interactions were not expected. - J. Marlow et al. (2013)

PEER REVIEW

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PULL REQUESTS —> COMMUNITY

HOW DO PULL REQUESTS MAKE MY LIFE EASIER?

WAY LESS CHEATING

D.R.Y.

BALANCE THE LOAD

CHECK INS DURING CLASS

LEARNERS BUILD THEIR NETWORK

…because the TAs worked so closely with each of the teams over eight weeks, they had a really good sense of how well each team performed, how well they did using the software engineering techniques, and who actually contributed and who didn’t contribute.” - Dean James Larus, EPFL (École polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne)

PULL REQUESTS + PROJECTS = LESS WORK, MORE REWARD

GITHUB EDUCATION IS HERE TO HELP

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CASE STUDIES

! references + further reading 1. Basu, S. “Team Collaboration With GitHub” http://code.tutsplus.com/articles/team-collaboration-with-github-- net-29876 2. Binns, R. “Open Research in Practice: responding to peer review with GitHub” http://www.reubenbinns.com/blog/ open-research-in-practice-responding-to-peer-review-with-github/ 3. Escalante, J. “GitHub Pull Request Tutorial” http://www.thinkful.com/learn/github-pull-request-tutorial/Work- in-Progress 4. Garrison, D. R. (2011). E-learning in the 21st century: A framework for research and practice. Taylor & Francis. 5. Marlow, J., Dabbish, L., & Herbsleb, J. (2013, February). Impression formation in online peer production: activity traces and personal profiles in github. In Proceedings of the 2013 conference on Computer supported cooperative work(pp. 117-128). ACM. http://herbsleb.org/web-pubs/pdfs/marlow-impression-2013.pdf 6. McMinn, K. “How to Write the Perfect Pull Request” https://github.com/blog/1943-how-to-write-the-perfect- pull-request 7. Orsini, L. “How To Win Friends And Make Pull Requests On GitHub” http://readwrite.com/2014/07/02/github- pull-request-etiquette 8. Rigby, P. C., German, D. M., Cowen, L., & Storey, M. A. (2014). Peer Review on Open-Source Software Projects: Parameters, Statistical Models, and Theory. ACM Transactions on Software Engineering and Methodology (TOSEM), 23(4), 35. http://users.encs.concordia.ca/~pcr/paper/Rigby2014TOSEM.pdf 9. Zagalsky, A., Feliciano, J., Storey, M. A., Zhao, Y., & Wang, W. (2015). The Emergence of GitHub as a Collaborative Platform for Education. http://alexeyza.com/pdf/cscw15.pdf

! johndbritton education.github.com