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Application Architecture for Scaled Agile Sangsoo Nam sangsoo@spotify.com

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Sangsoo Nam Android Engineer at Spotify sangsoonam.github.io @sangsoonam • Full stack Engineer • Scrum Master • Software Tester

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Agile 1

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Agile Manifesto http:/ /agilemanifesto.org/

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Agile Manifesto Individuals and interactions over processes and tools http:/ /agilemanifesto.org/

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Agile Manifesto Individuals and interactions over processes and tools Working software over comprehensive documentation http:/ /agilemanifesto.org/

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Agile Manifesto Individuals and interactions over processes and tools Working software over comprehensive documentation Customer collaboration over contract negotiation http:/ /agilemanifesto.org/

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Agile Manifesto Individuals and interactions over processes and tools Working software over comprehensive documentation Customer collaboration over contract negotiation Responding to change over following a plan http:/ /agilemanifesto.org/

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Make a Car

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Make a Car

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Agile Way

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Agile Way Not like this…

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Agile Way Not like this… Like this!

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Agile Team

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Agile Team Android

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Agile Team Backend Android

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Agile Team Backend Android Designer

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Agile Team Product Owner Backend Android Designer

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Agile Team Product Owner Agile Coach Backend Android Designer

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Agile Team Tester Product Owner Agile Coach Backend Android Designer

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Agile Team Tester Product Owner Agile Coach Backend Android Designer iOS

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Agile Team Tester Product Owner Agile Coach Backend Android Designer iOS Web

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Agile Development Cycle Sprint Backlog Product Backlog

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Agile Development Cycle Sprint Backlog 2-3 weeks Product Backlog

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Agile Development Cycle Sprint Backlog 2-3 weeks Daily Meeting 24 hours Product Backlog

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Agile Development Cycle Sprint Backlog 2-3 weeks Daily Meeting 24 hours Shippable Product Increment Product Backlog

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Scaled Agile 2

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100 million active users 50 million subscribers Over 30 millions songs 60 markets Growing Fast

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Hundreds of developers 0.5 Million lines of code How Can We Keep Our Velocity?

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Agile Team Solve an end to end problem

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Multiple Agile Teams

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Multiple Agile Teams ARTIST

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Multiple Agile Teams ARTIST ALBUM

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Multiple Agile Teams ARTIST ALBUM CHART

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ARTIST

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ARTIST ALBUM

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ARTIST ALBUM CHART

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Autonomy is the key!

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Autonomy =

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Autonomy = Local Responsibility

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Autonomy =

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Autonomy = No Blocking Dependency

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ARTIST ALBUM CHART

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ARTIST ALBUM CHART RUNNING RADIO CONCERT DISCOVER SEARCH BROWSE

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ARTIST ALBUM CHART RUNNING RADIO CONCERT DISCOVER SEARCH BROWSE … ... … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … …

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“Any organization that designs a system will produce a design whose structure is a copy of the organization's communication structure.” Conway’s law by Melvin Conway

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Application Architecture 3

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Dependency

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Consistency Dependency

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Dynamic Consistency Dependency

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Dependency

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Dependency between Client and Backend

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Open ChartActivity

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Click Open ChartActivity

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Click Open ChartActivity

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Click Open ChartActivity gridView.setOnItemClickListener(new OnItemClickListener() { @Override public void onItemClick(AdapterView> parent, View view, int position, long id) { Intent i = new Intent(getContext(), ChartActivity.class); i.putExtra(EXTRA_CHART_ID, chartIds.get(position)); startActivity(i); } });

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Click Open ChartActivity gridView.setOnItemClickListener(new OnItemClickListener() { @Override public void onItemClick(AdapterView> parent, View view, int position, long id) { Intent i = new Intent(getContext(), ChartActivity.class); i.putExtra(EXTRA_CHART_ID, chartIds.get(position)); startActivity(i); } });

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Christmas 50 Show Christmas 50 for Christmas season

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Christmas 50 Show Christmas 50 for Christmas season

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Christmas 50 This is not the Chart but the Playlist! Show Christmas 50 for Christmas season

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Open PlaylistActivity gridView.setOnItemClickListener(new OnItemClickListener() { @Override public void onItemClick(AdapterView> parent, View view, int position, long id) { if (position == 3) { Intent i = new Intent(getContext(), PlatlistActivity.class); i.putExtra(EXTRA_PLATLIST_ID, chartIds.get(position)); startActivity(i); } else { Intent i = new Intent(getContext(), ChartActivity.class); i.putExtra(EXTRA_CHART_ID, chartIds.get(position)); startActivity(i); } } });

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Open PlaylistActivity gridView.setOnItemClickListener(new OnItemClickListener() { @Override public void onItemClick(AdapterView> parent, View view, int position, long id) { if (position == 3) { Intent i = new Intent(getContext(), PlatlistActivity.class); i.putExtra(EXTRA_PLATLIST_ID, chartIds.get(position)); startActivity(i); } else { Intent i = new Intent(getContext(), ChartActivity.class); i.putExtra(EXTRA_CHART_ID, chartIds.get(position)); startActivity(i); } } });

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Dependency between Views (or Teams)

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Open AlbumActivity

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Open AlbumActivity

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Open AlbumActivity Click

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Open AlbumActivity gridView.setOnItemClickListener(new OnItemClickListener() { @Override public void onItemClick(AdapterView> parent, View view, int position, long id) { Intent i = new Intent(getContext(), AlbumActivity.class); i.putExtra(EXTRA_ALBUM_ID, albumIds.get(position)); startActivity(i); } }); Click

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Open AlbumActivity gridView.setOnItemClickListener(new OnItemClickListener() { @Override public void onItemClick(AdapterView> parent, View view, int position, long id) { Intent i = new Intent(getContext(), AlbumActivity.class); i.putExtra(EXTRA_ALBUM_ID, albumIds.get(position)); startActivity(i); } });

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Consider Feature Flag gridView.setOnItemClickListener(new OnItemClickListener() { @Override public void onItemClick(AdapterView> parent, View view, int position, long id) { Intent i; if(FeatureFlags.get("NewAlbum")) { i = new Intent(getContext(), NewAlbumActivity.class); } else { i = new Intent(getContext(), AlbumActivity.class); } i.putExtra(EXTRA_ALBUM_ID, albumIds.get(position)); startActivity(i); } });

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Consider Feature Flag gridView.setOnItemClickListener(new OnItemClickListener() { @Override public void onItemClick(AdapterView> parent, View view, int position, long id) { Intent i; if(FeatureFlags.get("NewAlbum")) { i = new Intent(getContext(), NewAlbumActivity.class); } else { i = new Intent(getContext(), AlbumActivity.class); } i.putExtra(EXTRA_ALBUM_ID, albumIds.get(position)); startActivity(i); } });

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Dependency After Feature Flag ARTIST ALBUM

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Dependency After Feature Flag ARTIST ALBUM NEW
 ALBUM

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Dependency After Feature Flag ARTIST ALBUM NEW
 ALBUM CHART

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Dependency After Feature Flag ARTIST ALBUM NEW
 ALBUM CHART

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What is the Most Popular Architecture for Scaled Environment?

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WWW (World Wide Web)

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URL (Uniform Resource Locator)

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URL(Uniform Resource Locator) URL Resolver www.spotify.com

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URL(Uniform Resource Locator) URL Resolver www.spotify.com Resource Location (e.g. IP Address)

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Spotify URI (Uniform Resource Identifier)

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Spotify URI Resolver ARTIST CHART ALBUM NEW
 ALBUM …

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Spotify URI Resolver ARTIST CHART ALBUM NEW
 ALBUM Spotify URI Resolver …

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Spotify URI Resolver ARTIST CHART ALBUM NEW
 ALBUM Spotify URI Resolver … ALBUM URI

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Spotify URI Resolver ARTIST CHART ALBUM NEW
 ALBUM Spotify URI Resolver … ALBUM URI

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Spotify URI Resolver ARTIST CHART ALBUM NEW
 ALBUM Spotify URI Resolver … ALBUM URI

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Spotify URI Resolver ARTIST CHART ALBUM NEW
 ALBUM Spotify URI Resolver …

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Spotify URI Resolver ARTIST CHART ALBUM NEW
 ALBUM Spotify URI Resolver … ALBUM URI

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Spotify URI Resolver ARTIST CHART ALBUM NEW
 ALBUM Spotify URI Resolver … ALBUM URI

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Spotify URI Resolver ARTIST CHART ALBUM NEW
 ALBUM Spotify URI Resolver … ALBUM URI

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No Blocking Dependencies with Spotify URI

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Consider Feature Flag gridView.setOnItemClickListener(new OnItemClickListener() { @Override public void onItemClick(AdapterView> parent, View view, int position, long id) { Intent i; if(FeatureFlags.get("NewAlbum")) { i = new Intent(getContext(), NewAlbumActivity.class); } else { i = new Intent(getContext(), AlbumActivity.class); } i.putExtra(EXTRA_ALBUM_ID, albumIds.get(position)); startActivity(i); } });

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No Feature Flag Logic gridView.setOnItemClickListener(new OnItemClickListener() { @Override public void onItemClick(AdapterView> parent, View view, int position, long id) { Intent i = SpotifyUriResolver.resolve(
 getContext(), uris.get(position) ); startActivity(i); } });

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No Feature Flag Logic gridView.setOnItemClickListener(new OnItemClickListener() { @Override public void onItemClick(AdapterView> parent, View view, int position, long id) { Intent i = SpotifyUriResolver.resolve(
 getContext(), uris.get(position) ); startActivity(i); } });

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No Feature Flag Logic gridView.setOnItemClickListener(new OnItemClickListener() { @Override public void onItemClick(AdapterView> parent, View view, int position, long id) { Intent i = SpotifyUriResolver.resolve(
 getContext(), uris.get(position) ); startActivity(i); } }); Just resolve the URI

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Open PlaylistActivity gridView.setOnItemClickListener(new OnItemClickListener() { @Override public void onItemClick(AdapterView> parent, View view, int position, long id) { if (position == 3) { Intent i = new Intent(getContext(), PlatlistActivity.class); i.putExtra(EXTRA_PLATLIST_ID, chartIds.get(position)); startActivity(i); } else { Intent i = new Intent(getContext(), ChartActivity.class); i.putExtra(EXTRA_CHART_ID, chartIds.get(position)); startActivity(i); } } });

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No PlaylistActivity Logic gridView.setOnItemClickListener(new OnItemClickListener() { @Override public void onItemClick(AdapterView> parent, View view, int position, long id) { Intent i = SpotifyUriResolver.resolve(
 getContext(), uris.get(position) ); startActivity(i); } });

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No PlaylistActivity Logic gridView.setOnItemClickListener(new OnItemClickListener() { @Override public void onItemClick(AdapterView> parent, View view, int position, long id) { Intent i = SpotifyUriResolver.resolve(
 getContext(), uris.get(position) ); startActivity(i); } });

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No PlaylistActivity Logic gridView.setOnItemClickListener(new OnItemClickListener() { @Override public void onItemClick(AdapterView> parent, View view, int position, long id) { Intent i = SpotifyUriResolver.resolve(
 getContext(), uris.get(position) ); startActivity(i); } });

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No PlaylistActivity Logic gridView.setOnItemClickListener(new OnItemClickListener() { @Override public void onItemClick(AdapterView> parent, View view, int position, long id) { Intent i = SpotifyUriResolver.resolve(
 getContext(), uris.get(position) ); startActivity(i); } }); Just resolve the URI

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Dynamic Consistency Dependency

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Consistency

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Consistency … ... … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … …

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Rounded

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Rounded No Bold

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CSS (Cascading Style Sheets)

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CSS(Cascading Style Sheets)

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Don’t (Inline Style) Save CSS(Cascading Style Sheets)

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Don’t (Inline Style) Save Do (Global Style) .button { width: 100px; height: 30px; border: 1px solid; padding: 10px } Save CSS(Cascading Style Sheets)

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GLUE (Global Language For Unified Experience)

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GLUE (Global Language For Unified Experience) Color

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GLUE (Global Language For Unified Experience) Fonts Color

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GLUE (Global Language For Unified Experience) Fonts Color Component

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Card

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Card

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Card CompactCard

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ARTIST CHART ALBUM NEW
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ARTIST CHART ALBUM NEW
 ALBUM Spotify URI Resolver … GLUE

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Dynamic Consistency Dependency

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Dynamic

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Release Cycle

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Release Cycle 2 weeks

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Release Cycle 2 weeks PlayStore Review

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Release Cycle 2 weeks PlayStore Review Users

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Release it Immediately

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HTML (Hyper Text Markup Language)

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HTML (Hyper Text Markup Language) Server Web Browser

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HTML (Hyper Text Markup Language) Server Request Web Browser

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HTML (Hyper Text Markup Language) Server Request Web Browser Response (HTML)

Spotify Family

Learn more ...

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WebView?

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No. Not WebView but Native Renderer

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Response { "text":"Today's Top Hits", "image": { ... }, "link": { ... "uri": "spotify:user:spotify:playlist:5FJXhjdILmRA2z5bvz4nzf" }, }, { "text":"RapCaviar", "image": { ... }, "link": { ... "uri": "spotify:user:spotify:playlist:5yolys8XG4q7YfjYGl5Lff" }, }

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Response with Render Type { "card": { "text":"Today's Top Hits", "image": { ... }, "link": { ... "uri": "spotify:user:spotify:playlist:5FJXhjdILmRA2z5bvz4nzf" }, } }, { "card": { "text":"RapCaviar", "image": { ... }, "link": { ... "uri": "spotify:user:spotify:playlist:5yolys8XG4q7YfjYGl5Lff" }, } }

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Response with Render Type { "card": { "text":"Today's Top Hits", "image": { ... }, "link": { ... "uri": "spotify:user:spotify:playlist:5FJXhjdILmRA2z5bvz4nzf" }, } }, { "card": { "text":"RapCaviar", "image": { ... }, "link": { ... "uri": "spotify:user:spotify:playlist:5yolys8XG4q7YfjYGl5Lff" }, } }

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Response with Render Type { "carousel": { "items": [ { "card": { "text":"Today's Top Hits", "image": { ... }, "link": { ... "uri": "spotify:user:spotify:playlist:5FJXhjdILmRA2z5bvz4n }, } }, { "card": { "text":"RapCaviar", "image": { ... }, "link": { ... ]

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Response with Render Type { "carousel": { "items": [ { "card": { "text":"Today's Top Hits", "image": { ... }, "link": { ... "uri": "spotify:user:spotify:playlist:5FJXhjdILmRA2z5bvz4n }, } }, { "card": { "text":"RapCaviar", "image": { ... }, "link": { ... ]

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Response with Render Type { "carousel": { "items": [ { "card": { "text":"Today's Top Hits", "image": { ... }, "link": { ... "uri": "spotify:user:spotify:playlist:5FJXhjdILmRA2z5bvz4n }, } }, { "card": { "text":"RapCaviar", "image": { ... }, "link": { ... ]

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Response with Header { "header": { "text": "Popular Playlists" } }, { "card": { "text":"Today's Top Hits", "image": { ... }, "link": { ... "uri": "spotify:user:spotify:playlist:5FJXhjdILmRA2z5bvz4nzf" }, } } ...

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Response with Header { "header": { "text": "Popular Playlists" } }, { "card": { "text":"Today's Top Hits", "image": { ... }, "link": { ... "uri": "spotify:user:spotify:playlist:5FJXhjdILmRA2z5bvz4nzf" }, } } ...

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Response with Header { "header": { "text": "Popular Playlists" } }, { "card": { "text":"Today's Top Hits", "image": { ... }, "link": { ... "uri": "spotify:user:spotify:playlist:5FJXhjdILmRA2z5bvz4nzf" }, } } ...

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ARTIST CHART ALBUM NEW
 ALBUM Spotify URI Resolver … GLUE

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ARTIST CHART ALBUM NEW
 ALBUM Spotify URI Resolver … GLUE Native Renderer

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DEMO!

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Same Experience

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Same Experience

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Same Experience

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Personalization

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Personalization

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Personalization

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Personalization

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Conclusion

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Autonomy is the key!

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Autonomy = Local Responsibility

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Autonomy = No Blocking Dependency

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ARTIST ALBUM CHART RUNNING RADIO CONCERT DISCOVER SEARCH BROWSE … ... … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … …

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Architecture for Scaled Agile RUNNING CHART BROWSE GENRE …

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• Dependency Architecture for Scaled Agile RUNNING CHART BROWSE GENRE …

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• Dependency Architecture for Scaled Agile RUNNING CHART BROWSE GENRE Spotify URI Resolver …

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• Dependency Architecture for Scaled Agile RUNNING CHART BROWSE GENRE Spotify URI Resolver … From URL

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• Dependency • Consistency Architecture for Scaled Agile RUNNING CHART BROWSE GENRE Spotify URI Resolver … From URL

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• Dependency • Consistency Architecture for Scaled Agile RUNNING CHART BROWSE GENRE Spotify URI Resolver … GLUE From URL

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• Dependency • Consistency Architecture for Scaled Agile RUNNING CHART BROWSE GENRE Spotify URI Resolver … GLUE From CSS From URL

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• Dependency • Consistency • Dynamic Architecture for Scaled Agile RUNNING CHART BROWSE GENRE Spotify URI Resolver … GLUE From CSS From URL

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• Dependency • Consistency • Dynamic Architecture for Scaled Agile RUNNING CHART BROWSE GENRE Spotify URI Resolver … GLUE Native Renderer From CSS From URL

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• Dependency • Consistency • Dynamic Architecture for Scaled Agile RUNNING CHART BROWSE GENRE Spotify URI Resolver … GLUE Native Renderer From CSS From URL From HTML

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We Keep Our Velocity with Better User Experience

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Questions Sangsoo Nam sangsoo@spotify.com