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Bringing the Symfony Components into your legacy code. Hugo HAMON – TNGTech- Munich 2013

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About me… Hugo HAMON Head of training at SensioLabs Book author Speaker at many conferences Symfony contributor @hhamon

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SensioLabs We’re hiring Symfony and PHP top stars.

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Introduction Living with legacy…

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How many of you still have to deal with legacy code?

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What’s legacy code? Legacy code often relates to source code, which is not supported anymore or that has to be maintained.

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Full rewrite o  Time consuming o  Maintain 2 softwares o  Affects business o  Costly o  Risky…

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Smooth migration o Keeping backward compatibility o Keeping the application live o Reducing impacts on the business o Mastering the codebase from A to Z o Learning new things everytime

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Code lifting

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Have a plan! o  Decide which parts to migrate o  Choose your libraries o  Write tests

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The legacy application

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The main features… J o News o Tutorials o Snippets o Forums o Guestbook o Contact form o Static pages o Users management o Admin area o Notifications

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The main issues… No separation of concerns Mixed html+sql Custom error handler Mixed procedural and OOP Everything under the web root directory No tests Duplicated code everywhere! Singletons Security issues No caching layer Lack of consistency ...

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Metrics

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The good things K Lots of comments Cohesive organization Controllers & Views OOP libraries (PDO) Apache URL rewriting

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The Symfony2 Components Config Console DependencyInjection EventDispatcher Filesystem HttpFoundation HttpKernel Locale Form Validator Routing Templating Translation Yaml

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Why the Symfony2 Components? o Well tested o Well documented o Easy to use o Decoupled o PHP 5.4 compatible o Composer ready

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Foundation: 3rd party libraries •  Swiftmailer •  GeSHi •  Markdown_Extra •  Markdownify •  Imagine •  Symfony FrameworkBundle

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Migration plan 1.  Setup the migration 2. Keeping backward compatibility 3. Plug-in code with events 4. Routing incoming requests 5. Separating concerns

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Migration plan 6. Managing the configuration 7.  Handling client and server errors 8. Migrating forms and validation 9. Authenticating & authorizing users 10.  Building command line utility tools

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1st Step Set up the migration

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├── controllers/ ├── css/ ├── design/ ├── downloads/ ├── errors/ ├── images/ ├── includes/ ├── index.php ├── javascript/ ├── logout.php ├── maintenance.html ├── syndication/ └── views/ ├── legacy/ │ ├── controllers/ │ ├── includes/ │ └── views/ ├── main/ ├── src/ ├── tests/ ├── vendor/ └── web/ ├── css/ ├── design/ ├── downloads/ ├── images/ ├── index.php ├── javascript/ ├── logout.php ├── maintenance.html └── syndication/

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Update all paths // index.php define('LEGACY_DIR', realpath(__DIR__.'/../legacy')); define('LIB_DIR', LEGACY_DIR.'/includes')); define('VIEWS_DIR', LEGACY_DIR.'/views')); require(LIB_DIR.'/fonctions/librairie-fonctions.inc.php'); require(LIB_DIR.'/configuration/configuration.inc.php'); // ... // configuration.inc.php set_include_path(LEGACY_DIR.':'.get_include_path());

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├── composer.json ├── main/ │ ├── MainKernel.php │ ├── cache/ │ ├── config/ │ ├── console │ ├── data/ │ ├── logs/ │ ├── phpunit.xml │ ├── sql/ │ └── views/ ├── src/ │ └── Application/ ├── tests/ │ ├── Application/ │ └── Fixtures/ ├── vendor/ └── web/ The application (config, cache…) The codebase Public files

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Install required dependencies { "autoload": { "psr-0": { "Application": { "src/" } } }, "require": { "symfony/http-kernel": "2.3.*", "symfony/templating": "2.3.*", "symfony/routing": "2.3.*", "symfony/config": "2.3.*", "symfony/yaml": "2.3.*" } }

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2nd Step Keeping backward compatibility

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Keeping backward compatibility

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MainKernel LegacyKernel Legacy Request HTTP Request HTTP Response

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MainKernel LegacyKernel Symfony Request HTTP Request HTTP Response

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Leveraging the power of HTTP HttpKernel + HttpFoundation + EventDispatcher = Request/Response framework

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The HTTP Kernel interface namespace Symfony\Component\HttpKernel; interface HttpKernelInterface { const MASTER_REQUEST = 1; const SUB_REQUEST = 2; public function handle( \Symfony\Component\HttpFoundation\Request $request, $type = self::MASTER_REQUEST, $catch = true ); }

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# main/LegacyKernel.php // [...] require_once(LIB_DIR.'/fonctions/librairie-fonctions.inc.php'); require_once(LIB_DIR.'/configuration/configuration.inc.php'); class LegacyKernel implements HttpKernelInterface { public function handle(Request $request, ...) { // [...] ob_start(); require_once(VIEWS_DIR.'/page/v-header.php'); require_once($view); require_once(VIEWS_DIR.'/page/v-footer.php'); return new Response(ob_get_clean()); } }

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The new application’s kernel // main/MainKernel.php use Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\HttpKernelInterface; use Symfony\Component\HttpFoundation\Request; use Symfony\Component\HttpFoundation\Response; class MainKernel implements HttpKernelInterface { private $environment; private $legacyKernel; public function __construct($environment, LegacyKernel $kernel) { $this->environment = $environment; $this->legacyKernel = $kernel; } }

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The new application’s kernel # main/MainKernel.php class MainKernel implements HttpKernelInterface { public function handle(Request $request, $type = ..., $catch = true) { // Let the legacy kernel handle the legacy request // Legacy urls have a ?page GET query string parameter if ($request->query->has('page')) { return $this->legacyKernel->handle($request, $type, $catch); } // No it's a new migrated feature // [...] return new Response('...'); } }

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The front controller # web/index.php require_once __DIR__.'/../vendor/autoload.php'; require_once __DIR__.'/../main/MainKernel.php'; require_once __DIR__.'/../main/LegacyKernel.php'; use Symfony\Component\HttpFoundation\Request; $request = Request::createFromGlobals(); $kernel = new MainKernel('prod', new LegacyKernel()); $response = $kernel->handle($request); $response->prepare($request); $response->send();

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Leveraging the built-in HTTP Kernel o  Request / Response handling o  Errors management o  Events management o  Extensibility o  Decoupling

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Leveraging the built-in HTTP Kernel use Symfony\Component\EventDispatcher\EventDispatcher; use Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\HttpKernel; use Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\Controller\ControllerResolver; $dispatcher = new EventDispatcher(); $resolver = new ControllerResolver(); $kernel = new HttpKernel($dispatcher, $resolver); $response = $kernel->handle($request);

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class MainKernel implements HttpKernelInterface { // [...] private $httpKernel; private $legacyKernel; public function __construct($environment, LegacyKernel $kernel) { // [...] $dispatcher = new EventDispatcher(); $resolver = new ControllerResolver(); $this->httpKernel = new HttpKernel($dispatcher, $resolver); } }

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The built-in HTTP Kernel   class MainKernel implements HttpKernelInterface { // ... public function handle(Request $request, $type = ..., $catch = true) { if ($request->query->has('page')) { return $this->legacyKernel->handle($request, $type, $catch); } return $this->httpKernel->handle($request, $type, $catch); } }

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3rd Step Plug-in code with events

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The kernel events   kernel.request kernel.controller kernel.view kernel.response Request Response handle() L1   L2   L3   L4   L5   L6  

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Leveraging the request event   kernel.request kernel.controller Request Request LegacyListener ... ...

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Wrapping the legacy code in a listener   class LegacyListener implements EventSubscriberInterface { private $legacyKernel; public function __construct(LegacyKernel $legacyKernel) { $this->legacyKernel = $legacyKernel; } public static function getSubscribedEvents() { return array( KernelEvents::REQUEST => array('onKernelRequest', 512), ); } }

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Wrapping the legacy code in a listener   public function onKernelRequest(GetResponseEvent $event) { // The legacy kernel only deals with master requests. if (HttpKernelInterface::MASTER_REQUEST !== $event->getRequestType()) { return; } // Let the wrapped legacy kernel handles the legacy request. // Setting a response in the event will directly jump to the // response event. $request = $event->getRequest(); if ($request->query->has('page')) { $response = $this->legacyKernel->handle($request); $event->setResponse($response); } }

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use Application\Kernel\EventListener\LegacyListener; use Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\EventListener\ResponseListener; class MainKernel implements HttpKernelInterface { // [...] public function __construct($environment) { // [...] $legacyKernel = new LegacyKernel(); $legacyListener = new LegacyListener($legacyKernel); $responseListener = new ResponseListener('UTF-8'); $dispatcher = new EventDispatcher(); $dispatcher->addSubscriber($legacyListener); $dispatcher->addSubscriber($responseListener); // [...] } }

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Refactoring the main kernel class   class MainKernel implements HttpKernelInterface { [...] public function handle(Request $request, ...) { // Just forward the request to the HTTP kernel. // The latter will trigger all events and registered // listeners will respond to them. return $this->httpKernel->handle($request, $type, $catch); } }

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4th Step Routing incoming requests

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The Routing Component   Maps an http request to a set of configuration variables.

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Routes configuration   # main/config/routing.yml homepage: path: / defaults: _controller: Application\Controller\MainController::indexAction tutorials: path: /tutoriels.html defaults: _controller: Application\Controller\TutorialController::indexAction forums: path: /forums.html defaults: _controller: Application\Controller\ForumController::indexAction page: 1

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Easy routes matching   kernel.request kernel.controller Request Request LegacyListener RouterListener ...

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use Symfony\Component\Config\FileLocator; use Symfony\Component\Routing\Matcher\UrlMatcher; use Symfony\Component\Routing\RequestContext; use Symfony\Component\Routing\Loader\YamlFileLoader; use Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\EventListener\RouterListener; class MainKernel implements HttpKernelInterface { public function __construct($environment) { // [...] $locator = new FileLocator(array(__DIR__.'/config')); $loader = new YamlFileLoader($locator); $context = new RequestContext(); $matcher = new UrlMatcher($loader->load('routing.yml'), $context); // [...] $dispatcher->addSubscriber(new RouterListener($matcher, $context)); } }

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5th Step Towards separation of concerns

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Controllers   namespace Application\Controller; use Symfony\Component\HttpFoundation\Request; class NewsController extends Controller { public function indexAction(Request $request) { $page = $request->attributes->get('page'); $pager = $this->getMapper('News')->getPaginatedNews(5, $page); return $this->render('news/index', array('pager' => $pager)); } }

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Templating   •  Pure PHP templates •  Escaping helper •  Template inheritance •  Slots •  Helpers •  Extensible

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The templating engine   $templating = new PhpEngine( new TemplateNameParser(), new FilesystemLoader(array(__DIR__.'/views/%name%.php')) ); $templating->set(new SlotsHelper()); $templating->set(new TextHelper()); $templating->set(new RouterHelper($router)); $templating->set(new ActionsHelper($this)); $templating->render('snippet/index', array( 'snippets' => $snippets, ));

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extend('layout') ?> set('_title', '...') ?> set('_description', '...') ?>

Les actualités de PHP

escape($news['titre']) ?>

Par escape($news['login']) ?> le formatDate($news['datePosted']) ?>.

glossary($news['corps']) ?>

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Templates helpers   // Text helpers $view['text']->truncate('a string'); $view['text']->slugify('the title'); // Number helpers $view['number']->formatNumber(26257); // Date helpers $view['date']->formatDate('2013-02-09'); $view['date']->formatAtom('2013-02-09'); $view['date']->formatRss('2013-02-09'); // Routing helpers $view['router']->path('article', array('id' => 3)); $view['router']->url('activate', array('token' => 'abcdef123'));

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Templates helpers   // Actions helpers $view['actions']->render('Comment:recent'); // Session helpers $view['session']->get('var'); $view['session']->hasFlash('notice'); $view['session']->getFlash('notice'); // Security helpers $view['security']->isAuthenticated(); $view['security']->isAdmin(); $view['security']->getUsername(); $view['security']->getUuid();

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The Model   o  Encapsulating SQL queries and business logic o  Dealing with objects instead of arrays o  Decoupling data from their storage engine o  Removing code duplications

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Database Mappers   use Application\Mapper\MapperFactory; $factory = new MapperFactory(new \PDO('...')); $mapper = $factory->getMapper('Tutorial'); $tutorials = $mapper->findAll(); $tutorial = $mapper->find(42); $tutorials = $mapper->getPaginatedTutorials(10); $tutorial = $mapper->getRandomTutorial();

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Entities   $tutorial = $tutorialMapper->createObject(); $tutorial->setTitle('The basics of PHP'); $tutorial->setAuthor('Hugo Hamon'); $tutorial->setCreatedAt(\new DateTime()); $tutorial->setActive(true); $mapper->insert($tutorial); $mapper->update($tutorial);

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6th Step Managing the configuration

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The application’s configuration   The application’s configuration often changes depending on the runtime environment. It should be easy to tweak the whole configuration without touching a single line of code.

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# main/config/config.yml parameters: kernel.secret: changeme database_dsn: mysql:host=localhost;dbname=apprendre_v2 database_user: root database_password: ~ sender_name: Apprendre-PHP sender_email: webmaster@apprendre-php.com contact_recipient: webmaster@apprendre-php.com locale: fr_FR The application’s configuration  

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# main/config/config_dev.yml imports: - { resource: config.yml } parameters: router.request_context.host: v2.apprendre-php.local mailer.transport.class: Swift_NullTransport # main/config/config_prod.yml imports: - { resource: config.yml } parameters: kernel.secret: djwehcnjbwkfbwlcewf database_user: my_production_user database_password: my_production_password Environment configuration  

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The DI Component   o  Global configuration parameters o  Lazy loaded services o  PHP , YAML or XML configuration o  Inversion of control

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Configuring services   // main/MainKernel.php $legacyKernel = new LegacyKernel(); $legacyListener = new LegacyListener($legacyKernel);

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Configuring services   // main/MainKernel.php $dispatcher = new EventDispatcher(); $dispatcher->addSubscriber($legacyListener);

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class MainKernel implements HttpKernelInterface { private $container; public function getContainer() { if ($this->container) { return $this->container; } // Generate the container class if it doesn't already exist yet if (!file_exists($path = $this->getContainerFilePath())) { $this->buildContainer(); } // Create a unique instance of the container require_once $path; $class = $this->getContainerClass(); $this->container = new $class(); return $this->container; } }

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class MainKernel implements HttpKernelInterface { // [...] protected function getContainerClass() { return sprintf('Main%sContainer', ucfirst($this->environment)); } protected function getContainerFilePath() { return $this->getCacheDir().'/'.$this->getContainerClass().'.php'; } } Configure container’s location  

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Building the container   use Symfony\Component\DependencyInjection\ContainerBuilder; class MainKernel implements HttpKernelInterface { protected function buildContainer() { $dic = new ContainerBuilder(); $dic->setParameter('kernel.environment', $this->environment); $dic->setParameter('kernel.cache_dir', $this->getCacheDir()); $dic->setParameter('kernel.root_dir', $this->getRootDir()); $dic->setParameter('vendor.root_dir', $this->getVendorDir()); $dic->set('kernel', $this); // [...] } }

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Building the container   use Symfony\Component\Config\FileLocator; use Symfony\Component\DependencyInjection\Loader\XmlFileLoader; protected function buildContainer() { // [...] $locator = new FileLocator(array( $this->getRootDir().'/config/services', $this->getRootDir().'/config', )); $loader = new XmlFileLoader($dic, $locator); $loader->load('database.xml'); // [...] $loader->load('dispatcher.xml'); }

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Environment configuration   protected function buildContainer() { // [...] // Load the application’s configuration to override // the default services definitions configuration per // environment. $loader = new YamlFileLoader($dic, $locator); $loader->load('config_'.$this->environment.'.yml'); $dic->compile(); }

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Dumping & caching the container   protected function buildContainer() { // [...] $target = $this->getContainerFilePath(); $folder = pathinfo($target, PATHINFO_DIRNAME); if (!file_exists($folder)) { $filesystem = $dic->get('filesystem'); $filesystem->mkdir($folder); } $dumper = new PhpDumper($dic); file_put_contents($target, $dumper->dump(array( 'class' => $this->getContainerClass(), ))); }

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Refactor the kernel class   class MainKernel implements HttpKernelInterface { public function handle(Request $request, ...) { // Service container is lazy loaded. $dic = $this->getContainer(); if (self::MASTER_REQUEST === $type) { \Locale::setDefault($dic->getParameter('locale')); } return $dic->get('http_kernel')->handle($request, $type, $catch); } }

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38 defined services   avatar_manager controller_resolver database_connection event_dispatcher filesystem form.csrf_provider form.factory form.factory_builder forums.answer_notifier http_kernel http_kernel.listener.authentication http_kernel.listener.controller http_kernel.listener.exception http_kernel.listener.firewall http_kernel.listener.router http_kernel.listener.session image_manager imagine mailer mailer.message_factory mapper_factory markdown.converter markdown.parser router router.url_matcher security.authentication_manager security.context security.password_encoder session snippet_type syntax_highlighter templating translator tutorial_type validator validator.constraint.unique validator.constraint.user_password service_container

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7th Step Handling all errors

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Handling errors   kernel.exception kernel.response Exception Response ExceptionListener CustomErrorListener ...

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Register the exception listener   Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\EventListener\ExceptionListener Application\Controller\ErrorController::exceptionAction %exception_listener.exception_controller%

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Register the exception listener  

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Handling errors   class ErrorController extends Controller { public function exceptionAction(FlattenException $e) { if ('dev' === $this->container->getParameter('kernel.environment')) { return $this->render('error/exception', array('exception' => $e)); } $code = $e->getStatusCode(); $view = 'error/error'; if (in_array($code, array(401, 403, 404, 405))) { $view .= $code; } return $this->render($view, array('exception' => $e)); } }

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8th Step Migration forms & validation

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Form & validator components   o Ease form configuration o Ease form rendering o Data mapping with objects o Automatic data validation o PHP , YAML and XML configuration

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Migrating forms   class RegistrationType extends AbstractType { public function buildForm(FormBuilderInterface $builder, array $options) { $builder ->add('username') ->add('rawPassword', 'repeated', array('type' => 'password')) ->add('email', 'email') ->add('website', 'url', array('required' => false)) ->add('rules', 'checkbox', array( 'mapped' => false, 'constraints' => array(new Assert\True()) )); } }

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Migrating forms   class RegistrationType extends AbstractType { public function getName() { return 'registration'; } public function setDefaultOptions(OptionsResolverInterface $resolver) { $resolver->setDefaults(array( 'data_class' => 'Application\Domain\User', 'validation_groups' => array('Registration'), )); } }

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public function signupAction(Request $request) { $mapper = $this->getMapper('User'); $user = $mapper->createObject(); $form = $this->createForm(new RegistrationType(), $user); if ($request->isMethod('POST')) { $form->submit($request); if ($form->isValid()) { // ... process validated data } } return $this->render('user/signup', array( 'form' => $form->createView(), )); }

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Handling validation   use Symfony\Component\Validator\Constraints\NotBlank; class User extends AbstractModel { private $username; // [...] static function loadValidatorMetadata(ClassMetadata $metadata) { $metadata->addPropertyConstraint('username', new NotBlank(array( 'groups' => array('Registration', 'Account'), 'message' => "Le nom d'utilisateur est obligatoire", ))); // [...] } }

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use Application\Validator\Constraints\Unique; class User extends AbstractModel { private $username; // [...] static function loadValidatorMetadata(ClassMetadata $metadata) { // [...] $metadata->addConstraint(new Unique(array( 'mapper' => 'User', 'field' => 'username', 'message' => "Username already exists.", 'primaryKey' => 'idMembre', 'groups' => array('Registration'), ))); } }

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9th Step Authenticating users

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Authentication & Authorization   o Handling signin and signout o Restricting access to non authenticated users o Restricting access to the admin area

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1st security level: request event   kernel.request kernel.controller Request Request ... AuthenticationListener FirewallListener

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The authentication listener   class AuthenticationListener implements EventSubscriberInterface { // [...] public function onKernelRequest(GetResponseEvent $event) { if (HttpKernelInterface::MASTER_REQUEST !== $event->getRequestType()) { return; } $request = $event->getRequest(); $session = $request->getSession(); $mapper = $this->mapperFactory->getMapper('User'); $token = $this->authenticationManager->getToken(); if ($token && $user = $mapper->getActiveUser($token->getUsername())) { $this->authenticationManager->signin($user); } } }

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The firewall listener   class FirewallListener implements EventSubscriberInterface { // [...] public function onKernelRequest(GetResponseEvent $event) { if (HttpKernelInterface::MASTER_REQUEST !== $event->getRequestType()) { return; } $request = $event->getRequest(); if (preg_match('#^/admin#', $request->getPathInfo())) { if (!$this->securityContext->isAdmin()) { throw new AccessDeniedHttpException(); } } } }

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10th Step Building utility tools

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The Console main script   #!/usr/bin/env php getParameterOption(array('--env', '-e'), 'dev'); $kernel = new MainKernel($env); $application = new Application\Console\Application($kernel->getContainer()); $application->add(new Application\Console\Command\ConvertMarkdownCommand()); $application->add(new Application\Console\Command\RestoreHtmlCommand()); $application->add(new Application\Console\Command\UpdateMessageCountCommand()); $application->run($input);

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Automating tedious tasks   namespace Application\Console\Command; use Symfony\Component\Console\Input\InputInterface; use Symfony\Component\Console\Input\InputArgument; use Symfony\Component\Console\Output\OutputInterface; class UpdateMessageCountCommand extends Command { protected function configure() { $this ->setName('model:user:update-messages-count') ->setDescription('Updates all users messages count') ->addArgument('username', InputArgument::OPTIONAL) ; } }

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Automating tedious tasks   class UpdateMessageCountCommand extends Command { protected function execute(InputInterface $input, OutputInterface $output) { $container = $this->getContainer(); $factory = $container->get('mapper_factory'); $mapper = $factory->getMapper('User'); $stats = $mapper->updateMessagesCount($input->getArgument('username')); $output->writeln(sprintf( '[info] %u/%u items updated (%u skipped).', $stats['updated'], $stats['total'], $stats['skipped'] )); } }

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In the end Analysis & future plans

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Quality Metrics  

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Future plans   o Use Twig as templating system o Use a more decent Model layer o Refactor some duplicated code with Traits o Add reverse proxy caching support o Implement decent logging mechanism o Add Assetic support o Switch pagination to PagerFanta

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Conclusion   o Successfull smooth migration o Better codebase quality o Easy to add new features o Custom « full stack » framework o Learnt new things o Improved my OOP skills

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Thank you! Hugo Hamon https://joind.in/talk/view/7918 hugo.hamon@sensiolabs.com @hhamon