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Cross-Device Development
with Web Standards
Tomomi Imura
flickr.com/photos/64855052@N00/3967578543/ by Yoichi Nakanishi b
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@ The Stanley Hotel
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H E L L O
M Y N A M E I S
Tomomi
@girlie_mac
03
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One Web Approach
Mobile Web Best Practices by W3C (2008)
One Web means making, as far as is
reasonable, the same information
and services available to users
irrespective of the device they are
using. ”
“
Mobile Web Best Practices 1.0 (2008)
04
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Form Factors · Screen Sizes
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No content
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No content
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Adaptive Design
08
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Adaptive Design
1. Progressive Enhancement
• Enhancing Experiences based on browser
capabilities
• Graceful Degradation - Fallbacks
2. Responsive Design
• Fluid Layout
• Media Queries
• Responsive Images
09
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Responsive Web Design
10
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Responsive Web Design
mediaqueri.es
11
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Why Should You Consider?
• One URL works across the browsers
• No redirect
• No User-Agent sniffing
• Maintainable
• A single content
• No separate markup
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Fluid Layout
Neue
flickr.com/photos/meantux/378103724/ by Denis-Carl Robidoux bn
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Then
• HTML Table Layout (Party like it's 1999)
• The CSS "Holy Grail" Column Liquid Layout
• Float
• Negative margin
• All the hacks that are PITA
• UI Frameworks for Grid Layout
• YUI
• jQuery Masonry
14
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Now and Future: CSS3
• Column
• Flexible Box Layout ("FlexBox")
• Grid Layout
15
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Fluid Columns
Demo on JSFiddle
16
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CSS Multi-column Layout Module
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Browser Support:
* 2.1* 3* 7* * 10 11.5p 15Bl*
http://www.w3.org/TR/css3-multicol/
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Flexbox Layout with MQ
Demo on JSFiddle
18
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CSS Flexible Box Layout Module
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http://www.w3.org/TR/css3-flexbox/
19
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Grid Layout with MQ
An arrangement suitable for ‘portrait’ orientation. An arrangement suitable for ‘landscape’ orientation.
10*
http://www.w3.org/TR/css3-grid-layout/
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Media-Queries
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Metric_Volume_Measuring_Vessels_Frontsides-In_use.jpg ba
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CSS2.1 @media Media-Types
For mobile phones:
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22
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CSS3: Media-Queries
allows content rendering to adapt to conditions:
• width of the target viewport
• width of the device's screen size
• screen orientations (landscape v. portrait)
• device pixel ratio (aka. Retina)
etc...
23
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CSS3: Media-Queries
Separate styles by the width of the target viewport
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CSS3: Media-Queries
by device-width, the width of the device's screen size
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CSS3: Media-Queries
combined with screen orientations
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CSS3: Media-Queries
CSS3, Hell Yeah!
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CSS3: Media-Queries
separate styles by device pixel ratio
28
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High Pixel Density
Displays
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The High DPI
https://www.webkit.org/blog/55/high-dpi-web-sites/
30
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No content
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No content
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No content
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No content
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No content
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CSS Pixel vs. Device Pixel
• Pixel in CSS is relative
• 1 CSS pixel != 1 device pixel
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Pixel Density in DOM
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Nexus One Android browser 1.5
Galaxy Nexus Chrome 2.0
Galaxy Nexus Opera Mobile 2.25
Samsung Galaxy S4 Chrome 3.0
37
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Zoom Dependent Pixel Density
⌘+ and
⌘- , but not for pinch-zoom
Test page (Firefox and Chrome 31+)
38
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Media-Queries for "Retina"
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WTF Vendor Prefix!
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Unprefix: resolution MQ
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41
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...even easier
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CSSOM View Module:
matchMedia()
approaching media-queries in DOM
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43
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CSS Device Adaptation
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CSS Device Adaptation
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46
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@viewport in @media
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Media Queries Level 4
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48
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Media Queries Level 4
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49
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MQ L4 - Ambient Light Detection
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50
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Responsive Images
flickr.com/photos/joaomoura/2348271655/ bna
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Responsive Images Use Cases
1. Resolution switching
2. Art Direction
3. High-res images for screens with higher DPR
52
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Methods
• Providing different images with media-queries
• ...with JavaScript
• ...with server-side content negotiation
• Resizing / cropping a single image
• Creative Hacks
• New: proposed solutions
53
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Different images with MQ
Resolution switching
54
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Different images with MQ
Art-Direction, instead of simple scaling
55
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Dynamically Resizing an Image
56
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Dynamically Resizing an Image
Shrink and Stretch without MQ
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Art Direction: Cropping with CSS
https://dl.dropboxusercontent.com/u/1330446/tests/clip.html
58
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CSS2 Clip Property
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59
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CSS2 Clip Property
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60
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High Resolution Images
1x
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61
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Blurry Images on Hi-DPI Screens
62
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Up-Res Images with MQ
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63
Slide 64
Slide 64 text
Up-Res with CSS image-set()
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64
Slide 65
Slide 65 text
Heavy resource loading
Hi-Res Image loading problems:
• Large sizes
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• Battery consumption
65
Slide 66
Slide 66 text
SVG
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Slide 67
Slide 67 text
Web Font Icons
36px 72px 108px
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IcoMoon
67
Slide 68
Slide 68 text
Web Font Icons
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68
Slide 69
Slide 69 text
Other Solutions
• JavaScript
• matchMedia()
• Picturefill.js
• Server-side
• "Adaptive Images" (PHP)
• Sencha.io Src (UA lookup in DB)
• Creative Hacks
• Clown Car Technique
69
Slide 70
Slide 70 text
Responsive ![]()
?
O NOES! ![]()
was not made for the
responsive design!
70
Slide 71
Slide 71 text
Responsive ![]()
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We need a solution.
... or two.
71
Slide 72
Slide 72 text
The srcset attribute
Proposal by Apple
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The srcset attribute - An HTML extension for adaptive images
72
Slide 73
Slide 73 text
Picture Element
Proposal by RespImg CG
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73
Slide 74
Slide 74 text
HTTP Client-Hints
Proposal from Google: let the server selects the right asset
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74
Slide 75
Slide 75 text
What's
Next?
http://www.flickr.com/photos/barbostick/3581760713/ ba
Slide 76
Slide 76 text
Smart TV
W3C: Web and TV Interest Group
Panasonic Viera Smart TV
76
Slide 77
Slide 77 text
Automotive
proposals for standardizing HTML5-based
vehicle APIs:
• Tizen
• Webinos
• GENIVI
• QNX
W3C: Automotive and Web Platform Business Group
QNX Auto Blog
77
Slide 78
Slide 78 text
Wearable Devices & IoT
http://imgur.com/g/memes/qKH2tM8
78
Slide 79
Slide 79 text
Thank you!
Tomomi Imura
• @girlie_mac
• girliemac.com
• github.com/girliemac
• speakerdeck.com/girlie_mac
Slide: http://girliemac.github.io/presentation-slides/html5-mobile-
approach/rwd.html
79
Slide 80
Slide 80 text
http://motleynews.net/2012/07/12/the-parting-shot-for-july-12-2012/