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chef + environments safer infrastructure
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t f g sethvargo
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what’s an environment?
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{ "name" : "production", "description" : "Production cluster in EC2", "override_attributes" : { ... }, "default_attributes" : { ... } }
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target specific environments
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$ knife search node "chef_environment:production"
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$ knife ssh "chef_environment:production" "reboot"
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default_attributes override_attributes cookbook_versions chef_type name description
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default_attributes override_attributes cookbook_versions chef_type name description
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lock cookbooks in production
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{ "name" : "production", "description" : "Production cluster in EC2", "cookbook_versions" : { "passenger_apache2" : "0.99.4" }, "override_attributes" : { ... }, "default_attributes" : { ... } }
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“lock” cookbooks in staging
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{ "name" : "staging", "description" : "Production cluster in EC2", "cookbook_versions" : { "passenger_apache2" : "0.99.4" }, "override_attributes" : { ... }, "default_attributes" : { ... } }
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unlock cookbooks in development
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{ "name" : "development", "description" : "Production cluster in EC2", "cookbook_versions" : { ... }, "override_attributes" : { ... }, "default_attributes" : { ... } }
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updating a cookbook
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1. test in development
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2. promote in staging
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{ "name" : "staging", "description" : "Production cluster in EC2", "cookbook_versions" : { "passenger_apache2" : "0.99.4" }, "override_attributes" : { ... }, "default_attributes" : { ... } }
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{ "name" : "staging", "description" : "Production cluster in EC2", "cookbook_versions" : { "passenger_apache2" : "0.99.4" }, "override_attributes" : { ... }, "default_attributes" : { ... } }
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{ "name" : "staging", "description" : "Production cluster in EC2", "cookbook_versions" : { "passenger_apache2" : "1.1.0" // major version bump }, "override_attributes" : { ... }, "default_attributes" : { ... } }
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$ knife dwim environments/staging.json 1 knife-dwim: https://github.com/mpasternacki/knife-dwim
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3. verify in staging
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4. promote in production
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1. run around screaming
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2. demote in production
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3. dance (optional)
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scenario: updating passenger
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default_attributes override_attributes cookbook_versions chef_type name description
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default_attributes override_attributes cookbook_versions chef_type name description
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{ "name" : "production", "description" : "Production cluster in EC2", "override_attributes" : { "passenger" : { "version" : "2.1.4" } }, }
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1. test in development
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2. promote in staging
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{ "name" : "production", "description" : "Production cluster in EC2", "override_attributes" : { "passenger" : { "version" : "2.1.4" } }, }
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{ "name" : "production", "description" : "Production cluster in EC2", "override_attributes" : { "passenger" : { "version" : "2.1.4" } }, }
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{ "name" : "production", "description" : "Production cluster in EC2", "override_attributes" : { "passenger" : { "version" : "3.0.18" // major version bump } }, }
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$ knife dwim environments/staging.json 1 knife-dwim: https://github.com/mpasternacki/knife-dwim
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3. verify in staging
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4. promote in production
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chef + environments safer infrastructure
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t f g sethvargo