Ocean CDR storage permanence Veronica Tamsitt (UNSW) and Julius Busecke (Columbia University)

Where are we headed? Storage permanence ≠ Sinking/advecting below a certain depth.

Where are we headed? Knowing ‘current’ conditions is not enough. The ocean circulation is changing, and will likely continue to change.

Where are we headed? 👋 Coupled Earth System Models

Challenges in constraining ocean ventilation timescales Important when considering regionally based CDR solutions Age tracer at 500m depth

Age tracer at 2000m depth Challenges in constraining ocean ventilation timescales

We can’t just simply “model our way out of this”!

We can’t just simply “model our way out of this”! Short Term Validate existing models speci fi cally for (regional) ventilation processes. Mid/Long Term Use existing simulations, observations and theory to improve our understanding of ocean circulation and ventilation.

Physics Chemistry Biology CDR Science Observations Complex Models Idealized Models Theory What do we need to progress?

Physics Chemistry Biology CDR Science Observations Complex Models Idealized Models Theory What do we need to progress? **This challenge needs multidisciplinary truly collaborative science.**

Physics Chemistry Biology CDR Science Observations Complex Models Idealized Models Theory What do we need to progress? **This challenge needs multidisciplinary truly collaborative science.** OCB:

Physics Chemistry Biology CDR Science Observations Complex Models Idealized Models Theory What do we need to progress?

Physics Chemistry Biology CDR Science Observations Complex Models Idealized Models Theory What do we need to progress?

Physics Chemistry Biology CDR Science Observations Complex Models Idealized Models Theory Accelerate progress with more open science

The key to getting this done in time is **how** we are doing science!

Why #openscience? • Pangeo: Collaborative community organized around open source tools and ARCO (Analysis- Ready Cloud-Optimized) Data • Not just sharing code, contributing to open source packages • Less time wasted to recreate results and build on them • Not just sharing data, but making it analysis ready in the cloud. • Use more di ff erent data sources, get more eyes on the data • More diverse and creative approaches for large (and small) datasets. • Cloud computing. Everyone with a browser can analyze TBs of climate data . • Interested in bringing your data to the cloud? Check out pangeo-forge • Can this create connective opportunities with the private sector (CDR implementation)?