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Drupal Unhitched The CMS in Decoupled Architectures Decoupled Drupal Days 2018

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Hi. Mark Llobrera Technology Director, Bluecadet Philadelphia @dirtystylus @bluecadet

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Descriptive, Not Prescriptive I’m not telling you how to do this stuff. But I hope all of this helps.

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3 Things

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3 Things 1. What is a decoupled CMS?

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3 Things 1. What is a decoupled CMS? 2. Decoupled Scenarios

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3 Things 1. What is a decoupled CMS? 2. Decoupled Scenarios 3. Decoupling Drupal

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1. What is a Decoupled CMS?

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What is a decoupled CMS?

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What is a decoupled CMS? •An architecture for websites and applications where the CMS is not used to render the user-facing site or application.

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Stop me if you’ve heard this one before

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Separating CONTENT from PRESENTATION

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2. Decoupled Scenarios

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First, a flashback…

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Touchscreen Interactive + Static XML Penn Museum, Native American Voices

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“Authoring XML for 300+ objects by hand is…unwise.”

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“Authoring XML for 300+ objects by hand is…unwise.” — Me, after lots of pain

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CMS (Drupal 8) + Touchscreen Interactive (React) + JS Website (React) Smithsonian National Museum of the American Indian nmai.si.edu/americans

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CMS (Drupal 8) + CMS-rendered Website + Digital Signage (React) Mann Center for the Performing Arts manncenter.org

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CMS + CMS-rendered Website + React components BRIC bricartsmedia.org

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CMS + Statically Published React (GatsbyJS) Outrider Foundation outrider.org

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CMS (Drupal 7) + CMS-rendered Website + Touch Wall (Cinder/C++) + 2 Touchscreen Interactives (AngularJS) + iOS / Android Native Applications Smithsonian National Air and Space Museum airandspace.si.edu

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PROS and CONS

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Pros

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Pros •Back and Front End systems are swappable

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Pros •Back and Front End systems are swappable •Teams can divide and conquer

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Cons

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Cons •Larger tech stack (Drupal, JS, multiple environments)

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Cons •Larger tech stack (Drupal, JS, multiple environments) •Maintenance

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Cons •Larger tech stack (Drupal, JS, multiple environments) •Maintenance •For websites you lose built-in functionality of CMS: menus/routing/accessibility/SEO

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3. Decoupling Drupal

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Start with Content

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Start with Content •Getting content ready to travel

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Start with Content •Getting content ready to travel •NO Presentation specific names

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Start with Content •Getting content ready to travel •NO Presentation specific names •Decouple your mind

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Start with Content •Getting content ready to travel •NO Presentation specific names •Decouple your mind •Content in many forms/faces

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Example: Two Content Types

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Example: Two Content Types •Author

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Example: Two Content Types •Author •Book

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Author

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Book

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HOW?? There’s lots of ways:

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HOW?? There’s lots of ways: •Core: RESTful Web Services

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HOW?? There’s lots of ways: •Core: RESTful Web Services •Custom Controller

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HOW?? There’s lots of ways: •Core: RESTful Web Services •Custom Controller •JSON API

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HOW?? There’s lots of ways: •Core: RESTful Web Services •Custom Controller •JSON API •GraphQL

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RESTful Web Services Two basic approaches:

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RESTful Web Services Two basic approaches: •Core RESTful Services

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RESTful Web Services Two basic approaches: •Core RESTful Services •REST Exports

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Core RESTful Services

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Core RESTful Services •Core REST Module

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Core RESTful Services •Core REST Module •REST UI Module https://drupal.org/project/restui

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Request: /node/1?format=json

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{ "nid": [ { "value": 1 } ], "uuid": [ { "value": "3036ea2d-7502-4c64-8bc6-2e9ee3a0f897" } ], "vid": [ { "value": 1 } ], "langcode": [ { "value": "en" } ], "type": [ { "target_id": "book", "target_type": "node_type", "target_uuid": "a3c32842-68b2-46fd-b70e-d6ed9e71ee2d" } ], "revision_timestamp": [ { "value": "2018-04-23T18:10:59+00:00", "format": "Y-m-d\\TH:i:sP" } ], "revision_uid": [ { "target_id": 1, "target_type": "user", "target_uuid": "a7484c09-d013-402e-b070-46c0d84a7b28", "url": "/user/1" } ], "revision_log": [], "status": [ { "value": true } ], "title": [ { "value": "The Fifth Season" } ], "uid": [ { "target_id": 1, "target_type": "user", "target_uuid": "a7484c09-d013-402e-b070-46c0d84a7b28", "url": "/user/1" } ], "created": [ { "value": "2018-04-23T18:10:29+00:00", "format": "Y-m-d\\TH:i:sP" } ], "changed": [ { "value": "2018-04-23T18:10:59+00:00", "format": "Y-m-d\\TH:i:sP" } ], "promote": [ { "value": true } ], "sticky": [ { "value": false } ], "default_langcode": [ { "value": true } ], "revision_translation_affected": [ { "value": true } ], "path": [ { "alias": null, "pid": null, "langcode": "en" } ], "body": [ { "value": "

Part one of the Broken Earth trilogy.

\r\n", "format": "basic_html", "processed": "

Part one of the Broken Earth trilogy.

", "summary": "" } ] }

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{ "nid": [ { "value": 1 } ], "type": [ { "target_id": "book", "target_type": "node_type", "target_uuid": "a3c32842-68b2-46fd-b70e-d6ed9e71ee2d" } ], "title": [ { "value": "The Fifth Season" } ], "body": [ { "value": "

Part one of the Broken Earth trilogy.

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Part one of the Broken Earth trilogy.

", "summary": "" } ] }

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REST Exports

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REST Exports •Views! (! old friend)

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REST Exports •Views! (! old friend) •“Provide a REST Export” checkbox ✅

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[ { "title": "Kim Stanley Robinson", "body": "

Author of the Mars trilogy and New York 2140.

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Hugo Award-winning author of the Broken Earth trilogy.

\r\n", "field_books": [ "1" ] } ]

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Custom Controller

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Custom Controller

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Custom Controller •Routing (YML)

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Custom Controller •Routing (YML) •Controller Class

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Routing mann.season: path: 'api/season' defaults: _controller: \Drupal\mann_api\Controller\Season::api methods: [GET] requirements: _access: 'TRUE'

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… $a_query = \Drupal::entityQuery('node'); $a_query->condition('status', 1); $a_query->condition('type', 'event'); $entity_ids = $a_query->execute(); $events = Node::loadMultiple($entity_ids); foreach ($events as $event) { $item['id'] = (int) $event->nid->value; $date = $event->field_event_date->value; $item['date'] = $date; $item['title'] = $event->title->value; $item['display_title'] = $event->field_display_title->value; $image_data = MediaAssetService::getMediaPathSingle($event, 'field_featured_image'); $item['image'] = urldecode($image_data['image']); $item['image_relative'] = urldecode($image_data['image_relative']); $data[] = $item; } $response = new JsonResponse(['data' => $data]); return $response; …

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JSON API drupal.org/project/jsonapi

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Out of the box: /jsonapi/node/[Content Type] for example: /jsonapi/node/author

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{ "data": [ { "type": "node--author", "id": "88223a76-278d-4fc6-9945-0bdb56cc78d3", "attributes": { "nid": 2, "body": { "value": "

Winner of the Hugo Award.

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Winner of the Hugo Award.

", "summary": "" }, "field_display_name": { "value": "N. K. Jemisin", "format": "basic_html", "processed": "N. K. Jemisin" } }, "relationships": { "field_books": { "data": [ { "type": "node--book", "id": "e8c31c68-4fe5-4046-ab3f-1cb42e1f314f" } ], }, } ], }

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{ "attributes": { "nid": 2, "body": { "value": "

Winner of the Hugo Award.

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Winner of the Hugo Award.

", "summary": "" }, "field_display_name": { "value": "N. K. Jemisin", "format": "basic_html", "processed": "N. K. Jemisin" } }, }

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{ "relationships": { "field_books": { "data": [ { "type": "node--book", "id": "e8c31c68-4fe5-4046-ab3f-1cb42e1f314f" } ], }, }

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{ "relationships": { "field_books": { "data": [ { "type": "node--book", "id": "e8c31c68-4fe5-4046-ab3f-1cb42e1f314f" } ], }, }

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{ "relationships": { "field_books": { "data": [ { "type": "node--book", "id": "e8c31c68-4fe5-4046-ab3f-1cb42e1f314f" } ], }, }

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Relationships are complicated /jsonapi/node/[Content Type]?include=[Field Name] for example (we want field_books): /jsonapi/node/author?include=field_books

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{ "included": [ { "type": "node--book", "id": "e8c31c68-4fe5-4046-ab3f-1cb42e1f314f", "attributes": { "nid": 1, "title": "The Fifth Season", "body": { "value": "

Part one of the Broken Earth trilogy.

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Part one of the Broken Earth trilogy.

", "summary": "" } }, } }

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{ "included": [ { "type": "node--book", "id": "e8c31c68-4fe5-4046-ab3f-1cb42e1f314f", "attributes": { "nid": 1, "title": "The Fifth Season", "body": { "value": "

Part one of the Broken Earth trilogy.

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Part one of the Broken Earth trilogy.

", "summary": "" } }, } }

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{ "included": [ { "type": "node--book", "id": "e8c31c68-4fe5-4046-ab3f-1cb42e1f314f", "attributes": { "nid": 1, "title": "The Fifth Season", "body": { "value": "

Part one of the Broken Earth trilogy.

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Part one of the Broken Earth trilogy.

", "summary": "" } }, } }

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{ "included": [ { "type": "node--book", "id": "e8c31c68-4fe5-4046-ab3f-1cb42e1f314f", "attributes": { "nid": 1, "title": "The Fifth Season", "body": { "value": "

Part one of the Broken Earth trilogy.

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Part one of the Broken Earth trilogy.

", "summary": "" } }, } }

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"id": "e8c31c68-4fe5-4046-ab3f-1cb42e1f314f"

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GraphQL github.com/drupal-graphql

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Installation Note

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Installation Note •Download the module (or use drush dl graphql)

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Installation Note •Download the module (or use drush dl graphql) •Run composer require webonyx/graphql-php at root level (error otherwise)

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Installation Note •Download the module (or use drush dl graphql) •Run composer require webonyx/graphql-php at root level (error otherwise) •Enable the module

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Explorer allows you to test out queries

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Auto-complete!

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Simple Query query { nodeQuery { entities { entityId, entityLabel } } }

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{ "data": { "nodeQuery": { "entities": [ { "entityId": "1", "entityLabel": "The Fifth Season" }, { "entityId": "2", "entityLabel": "New York 2140" }, { "entityId": "3", "entityLabel": "N. K. Jemisin" }, { "entityId": "4", "entityLabel": "Kim Stanley Robinson" } ] } } }

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Node Query w/ Types (Author) query { nodeQuery { entities { ...on NodeAuthor { entityId title body { value } fieldDisplayName { value } fieldBooks { entity { entityId title } } } } } }

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Node Query w/ Types (Author) query { nodeQuery { entities { ...on NodeAuthor { entityId title body { value } fieldDisplayName { value } fieldBooks { entity { entityId title } } } } } }

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Node Query w/ Types (Author) query { nodeQuery { entities { ...on NodeAuthor { entityId title body { value } fieldDisplayName { value } fieldBooks { entity { entityId title } } } } } }

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Node Query w/ Types (Author) query { nodeQuery { entities { ...on NodeAuthor { entityId title body { value } fieldDisplayName { value } fieldBooks { entity { entityId title } } } } } }

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Node Query w/ Types (Author) query { nodeQuery { entities { ...on NodeAuthor { entityId title body { value } fieldDisplayName { value } fieldBooks { entity { entityId title } } } } } }

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References are Easy(ish) fieldBooks { entity { entityId title } }

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{ "data": { "nodeQuery": { "entities": [ {}, {}, { "entityId": "3", "title": "N. K. Jemisin", "body": { "value": "

Hugo Award-winning author of the Broken Earth trilogy.

\r\n" }, "fieldDisplayName": { "value": "N. K. Jemisin" }, "fieldBooks": [ { "entity": { "entityId": "1", "title": "The Fifth Season" } } ] }, … ] } } }

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{ "data": { "nodeQuery": { "entities": [ {}, {}, { "entityId": "3", "title": "N. K. Jemisin", "body": { "value": "

Hugo Award-winning author of the Broken Earth trilogy.

\r\n" }, "fieldDisplayName": { "value": "N. K. Jemisin" }, "fieldBooks": [ { "entity": { "entityId": "1", "title": "The Fifth Season" } } ] }, … ] } } }

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{ "data": { "nodeQuery": { "entities": [ {}, {}, { "entityId": "3", "title": "N. K. Jemisin", "body": { "value": "

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\r\n" }, "fieldDisplayName": { "value": "N. K. Jemisin" }, "fieldBooks": [ { "entity": { "entityId": "1", "title": "The Fifth Season" } } ] }, … ] } } }

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query { nodeQuery { entities { ...on NodeAuthor { entityId title body { value } fieldDisplayName { value } fieldBooks { entity { entityId title } } } ...on NodeBook { entityId title body { value } } } } }

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query { nodeQuery { entities { ...on NodeAuthor { entityId title body { value } fieldDisplayName { value } fieldBooks { entity { entityId title } } } ...on NodeBook { entityId title body { value } } } } }

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query { nodeQuery { entities { ...on NodeAuthor { entityId title body { value } fieldDisplayName { value } fieldBooks { entity { entityId title } } } ...on NodeBook { entityId title body { value } } } } }

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query { nodeQuery { entities { ...on NodeAuthor { entityId title body { value } fieldDisplayName { value } fieldBooks { entity { entityId title } } } ...on NodeBook { entityId title body { value } } } } }

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Filter by Node Type query { nodeQuery (filter: {conditions: [{ field: "type" value: "author" operator: EQUAL }] } ) { … } }

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Filter by Node Type query { nodeQuery (filter: {conditions: [{ field: "type" value: "author" operator: EQUAL }] } ) { … } }

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Filter by Node Type query { nodeQuery (filter: {conditions: [{ field: "type" value: "author" operator: EQUAL }] } ) { … } }

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Filter by Node Type query { nodeQuery (filter: {conditions: [{ field: "type" value: "author" operator: EQUAL }] } ) { … } }

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query { nodeQuery (filter: {conditions: [{ field: "type" value: "author" operator: EQUAL }] } ) { entities { ...on NodeAuthor { entityId title body { value } fieldBooks { entity { title body { value } } } } } } }

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{ "data": { "nodeQuery": { "entities": [ { "entityId": "3", "title": "N. K. Jemisin", "body": { "value": "

Hugo Award-winning author of the Broken Earth trilogy.

\r\n" }, "fieldBooks": [ { "entity": { "title": "The Fifth Season", "body": { "value": "

Part one of the Broken Earth trilogy.

\r\n" } } } ] },

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Aliases and Multiple Queries Take a simple Image Media Bundle entities { entityLabel ... on NodeHotspot { fieldName, title, fieldThumbnailImage { entity { ... on MediaImage { fieldMediaImage { url width height alt title } } } }, } }

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entities { entityLabel ... on NodeHotspot { fieldName, title, fieldThumbnailImage { entity { ... on MediaImage { fieldMediaImage { url width height alt title } } } }, } }

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entities { entityLabel ... on NodeHotspot { fieldName, title, fieldThumbnailImage { entity { ... on MediaImage { fieldMediaImage { url width height alt title } } } }, } }

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entities { entityLabel ... on NodeHotspot { fieldName, title, fieldThumbnailImage { entity { ... on MediaImage { fieldMediaImage { url width height alt title } } } }, } }

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entities { entityLabel ... on NodeHotspot { fieldName, title, fieldThumbnailImage { entity { ... on MediaImage { fieldMediaImage { url width height alt title } } } }, } }

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entities { entityLabel ... on NodeHotspot { fieldName, title, fieldThumbnailImage { entity { ... on MediaImage { fieldMediaImage { url width height alt title } } } }, } }

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entities { entityLabel ... on NodeHotspot { fieldName, title, fieldThumbnailImage { entity { ... on MediaImage { fieldMediaImage { url width height alt title } } } }, } }

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This gives us the source image. What about derivatives? fieldThumbnailImage { entity { ... on MediaImage { fieldMediaImage { derivative(style: THUMBNAIL) { url width height } url width height alt title } } }

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This gives us the source image. What about derivatives? fieldThumbnailImage { entity { ... on MediaImage { fieldMediaImage { derivative(style: THUMBNAIL) { url width height } url width height alt title } } }

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This gives us the source image. What about derivatives? fieldThumbnailImage { entity { ... on MediaImage { fieldMediaImage { derivative(style: THUMBNAIL) { url width height } url width height alt title } } }

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This gives us the source image. What about derivatives? fieldThumbnailImage { entity { ... on MediaImage { fieldMediaImage { derivative(style: THUMBNAIL) { url width height } url width height alt title } } }

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What if we need multiple derivatives? Enter aliases.

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What if we need multiple derivatives? Enter aliases. An alias allows you to run multiple queries for the same field and map them to different names.

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fieldThumbnailImage { entity { ... on MediaImage { fieldMediaImage { thumbnail:derivative(style: THUMBNAIL) { url width height } large:derivative(style: LARGE) { url width height } url width height alt title } } }

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fieldThumbnailImage { entity { ... on MediaImage { fieldMediaImage { thumbnail:derivative(style: THUMBNAIL) { url width height } large:derivative(style: LARGE) { url width height } url width height alt title } } }

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fieldThumbnailImage { entity { ... on MediaImage { fieldMediaImage { thumbnail:derivative(style: THUMBNAIL) { url width height } large:derivative(style: LARGE) { url width height } url width height alt title } } }

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fieldThumbnailImage { entity { ... on MediaImage { fieldMediaImage { thumbnail:derivative(style: THUMBNAIL) { url width height } large:derivative(style: LARGE) { url width height } url width height alt title } } }

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Bonus: Communication

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We’ve tried:

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We’ve tried: •Polling for changes (are we there yet?)

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We’ve tried: •Polling for changes (are we there yet?) •NodeJS (get a server in the middle, maybe Socket I/O)

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Enter Progressive Web Applications

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Enter Progressive Web Applications •CMS to Application communication is a use case

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Enter Progressive Web Applications •CMS to Application communication is a use case •PWAs have Service Workers and Push Notifications

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Web Push API

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Web Push API •Gives web applications the ability to receive messages pushed to them from a server

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Web Push API •Gives web applications the ability to receive messages pushed to them from a server •Requires a subscription to be activated, but once allowed, the subscription is saved by the browser

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Web Push API •Gives web applications the ability to receive messages pushed to them from a server •Requires a subscription to be activated, but once allowed, the subscription is saved by the browser •You can pass “messages”, but fundamentally you are passing data for your app or website to interpret as you see fit

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Web Push API •Gives web applications the ability to receive messages pushed to them from a server •Requires a subscription to be activated, but once allowed, the subscription is saved by the browser •You can pass “messages”, but fundamentally you are passing data for your app or website to interpret as you see fit •Browsers handle pushing the data through Service Workers, so a third party is not required

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Fine Print

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Fine Print •Limited browser support: ✅ Chrome, ✅ Firefox, " Safari (coming soon?)

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Fine Print •Limited browser support: ✅ Chrome, ✅ Firefox, " Safari (coming soon?) •Spec is considered experimental, so it may change in the future

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Fine Print •Limited browser support: ✅ Chrome, ✅ Firefox, " Safari (coming soon?) •Spec is considered experimental, so it may change in the future •Great for kiosks, but in the wild, you can’t guarantee that a user will subscribe

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Fine Print •Limited browser support: ✅ Chrome, ✅ Firefox, " Safari (coming soon?) •Spec is considered experimental, so it may change in the future •Great for kiosks, but in the wild, you can’t guarantee that a user will subscribe •Doesn’t help with non-web-based projects (Cinder/ C++, Unity)

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Where to Next?

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Where to Next? •Two-way communication

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Where to Next? •Two-way communication •Electron wrappers for JS interactives

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Where to Next? •Two-way communication •Electron wrappers for JS interactives •Preview modes for interactives

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Takeaways

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Takeaways •Start with your Content, and make that portable

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Takeaways •Start with your Content, and make that portable •There’s many different ways to expose your content

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Takeaways •Start with your Content, and make that portable •There’s many different ways to expose your content •You can do this!

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THANK YOU. Mark Llobrera Technology Director, Bluecadet Philadelphia https://speakerdeck.com/mllobrera @dirtystylus @bluecadet