qaware.de Navigating the Cloud-native Sustainability Landscape towards Green K8s Clusters Mario-Leander Reimer [email protected] @LeanderReimer https://cisweb.lancaster.ac.uk/

2 Mario-Leander Reimer Managing Director | CTO @LeanderReimer #cloudnativenerd #qaware #gernperDude

3 Mario-Leander Reimer Managing Director | CTO @LeanderReimer #cloudnativenerd #qaware #gernperDude

4 IT Create sustainability impact in other industries Show responsibility for own consumption of resources

sustainable kubernetes

cncf/tag-env-sustainability TAG Environmental Sustainability 🌳🌍♻

https://tag-env-sustainability.cncf.io/landscape/

Shared Responsibility means it is our responsibility to use the required cloud resources in a sustainable manner. 8 QAware

Sustainability Engineering to optimize the CO2 footprint of your K8s clusters and workloads. 9 QAware Monitoring What is the energy consumption and CO2 footprint of my cluster and workloads? Measure, Measure, Measure, Act. Elasticity Oversized or underutilized resources? Infrastructure and workloads should be proportionate to actual demand. Architecture Where is the cluster running? On which hardware? Take sustainability into account when building the infrastructure. Waste Shutdown or deplete the wasted resources. Not required, redundant or forgotten environments or workloads?

10 QAware ELECTRICITYMAPS.COM

Business requirements and sustainability goals need to be aligned and reconciled. The choice of region for the cluster and workloads has a significant impact on their KPIs, including performance, cost, and carbon footprint. ■ Ensure that the region meets the required legal regulations (e.g. GDPR) ■ Ensure that the region supports the required services and features. – Which hardware classes are supported? – Databases? Storage? … ■ Calculate costs for the cluster and workloads for the selected region. ■ Test network latency between your end user locations and region! 11 QAware https://docs.aws.amazon.com/wellarchitected/latest/sustainability-pillar/sus_sus_region_a2.html AWS Graviton 2 can save up to 65% on energy consumption AWS Graviton 2 can save up to 15% on costs

Cluster Rightsizing mit Cluster-Autoscaler und Karpenter 12 QAware Node 1 Node 2 Node 3 X Node 4

Workload Rightsizing with VPA and Goldilocks 13 QAware https://github.com/FairwindsOps/goldilocks apiVersion: "autoscaling.k8s.io/v1" kind: VerticalPodAutoscaler metadata: name: hamster-vpa spec: targetRef: apiVersion: "apps/v1" kind: Deployment name: hamster updatePolicy: # updateMode: "Auto" updateMode: "Off" resourcePolicy : containerPolicies : - containerName: '*' minAllowed: cpu: 100m memory: 50Mi maxAllowed: cpu: 1 memory: 500Mi controlledResources : ["cpu", "memory"] defined and tune requests and limits for CPU and RAM perform realistic performance tests analyse measurements of resource consumption https://github.com/kubernetes/autoscaler/tree/master/vertical-pod-autoscaler

kube-green An operator to reduce CO2 footprint of your clusters 14 QAware apiVersion: kube-green.com/v1alpha1 kind: SleepInfo metadata: name: non-working-hours spec: weekdays: "1-5" sleepAt: "18:00" wakeUpAt: "08:00" timeZone: "Europe/Rome" suspendCronJobs : true excludeRef: - apiVersion: "apps/v1" kind: Deployment name: no-sleep-deployment - matchLabels : kube-green.dev/exclude : "true" https://kube-green.dev/docs/FAQ/#how-many-co2-is-produced-by-pod

High-Level View on Scaling in Kubernetes 15 QAware

Resource Metrics, Custom Metrics, External Metrics API 16 QAware

Sustainable Computing Projects ■ Kepler (Kubernetes-based Efficient Power Level Exporter) uses eBPF to probe energy related system stats and exports as Prometheus metrics. ■ PEAKS (Power Efficiency Aware Kubernetes Scheduler) uses metrics exported by Kepler to help Kubernetes schedule to improve energy efficiency by placing Pods on optimal nodes. ■ CLEVER (Container Level Energy-efficient VPA Recommender) uses metrics exported by Kepler to recommend Vertical Pod Autoscaler the resource profiles to improve energy efficiency by running workloads. 17 QAware https://www.sustainable-computing.io

Monitor and Measure the Energy Consumption of Nodes and Pods using Kepler 18 QAware

Carbon-aware Scaling mit KEDA ■ https://keda.sh ■ KEDA ist ein Kubernetes-basierter ereignisgesteuerter und zweck-orientierter Autoscaler. ■ Unterstützt 50+ Scaler Out-of-the-box, e.g. Cron, RabbitMQ, … ■ Carbon Aware Scheduling - Kubernetes Carbon Intensity Exporter - Carbon Aware KEDA Operator 19 QAware

Carbon aware Spatial a with Karmada 20 QAware https://rossfairbanks.com/2023/07/12/carbon-aware-spatial-shifting-with-karmada/ karmada control plane Cluster A API Server Cluster B API Server Agent karmada API server etcd karmada scheduler karmada API server Cluster Controller Policy Controller Binding Controller Execution Controller W1 W1 W1 W1

Carbon aware Spatial Shifting with Karmada 21 QAware https://rossfairbanks.com/2023/07/12/carbon-aware-spatial-shifting-with-karmada/ karmada control plane Cluster A API Server Cluster B API Server Agent karmada API server etcd karmada scheduler karmada API server Cluster Controller Policy Controller Binding Controller Execution Controller W1 W1 W1 W1

lreimer/green-kubernetes

Team Topologies and Platform Engineering are key enabler for Sustainable Cloud Infrastructure and Software Development QAware | 23 https://martinfowler.com/bliki/TeamTopologies.html [email protected]

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