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Matt Raible | @mraible
December 7, 2021
Java REST API Comparison
Micronaut, Quarkus, and
Spring Boot
Photo by Evi T. on Unsplash
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@mraible
Who is Matt Raible?
Father, Husband, Skier, Mountain
Biker, Whitewater Rafter
Bus Lover
Web Developer and Java Champion
Okta Developer Advocate
Blogger on raibledesigns.com and
developer.okta.com/blog
@mraible
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developer.okta.com
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@mraible
Today’s Agenda
Why Java?
Build { REST, GraphQL } APIs with Java
Secure your APIs with OAuth 2.1
Build with Docker
Go Native with GraalVM
https://unsplash.com/photos/JsTmUnHdVYQ
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@mraible
Why Java?
25+ Years
of use, abuse, and improvements
Open Source
code is available; many popular open source
frameworks and tools
Hugely Popular and widely used
by many enterprises and web-scale companies
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@mraible
Download the Oracle builds of OpenJDK
https://jdk.java.net/17
Or Eclipse builds from Adoptium
https://adoptium.net
Get Started with Java 17
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@mraible
Get Started with Java 17
Better yet, use SDKMAN!
curl -s https://get.sdkman.io | bash
sdk install java 17-open
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Java Releases and Features
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https://developer.okta.com/blog/2020/01/09/java-rest-api-showdown
Build REST APIs with Java
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Serverless
💵 💸
https://unsplash.com/photos/glRqyWJgUeY
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@mraible
sdk install micronaut
mn create-app com.okta.rest.app \
-b maven -f security-jwt
Get Started with Micronaut
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https://micronaut.io/launch
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package com.okta.rest.controller;
import io.micronaut.http.MediaType;
import io.micronaut.http.annotation.Controller;
import io.micronaut.http.annotation.Get;
import io.micronaut.http.annotation.Produces;
import io.micronaut.security.annotation.Secured;
import io.micronaut.security.rules.SecurityRule;
import java.security.Principal;
@Controller("/hello")
public class HelloController {
@Get
@Secured(SecurityRule.IS_AUTHENTICATED)
@Produces(MediaType.TEXT_PLAIN)
public String hello(Principal principal) {
return "Hello, " + principal.getName() + "!";
}
}
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micronaut.security.enabled=true
micronaut.security.token.jwt.enabled=true
micronaut.security.token.jwt.signatures.jwks.okta.url=
https://dev-133337.okta.com/oauth2/default/v1/keys
Micronaut JWT Security
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micronaut.security.enabled=true
micronaut.security.token.jwt.enabled=true
micronaut.security.token.jwt.signatures.jwks.okta.url=
https://dev-133337.okta.com/oauth2/default/v1/keys
Micronaut JWT Security
https://micronaut-projects.github.io/micronaut-security/latest/guide/#jwt
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Install HTTPie (a better cURL)
$ install httpie
https://httpie.org
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Test Micronaut with HTTPie
https://httpie.org
mvn mn:run
http :8080/hello
TOKEN=eyJraWQiOiJxOE1QMjFNNHZCVmxOSkxGbFFWNlN...
http :8080/hello Authorization:"Bearer $TOKEN"
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Verify Micronaut API with HTTPie
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@mraible
Get Started with Quarkus
mvn io.quarkus:quarkus-maven-plugin:2.5.1.Final:create \
-DprojectGroupId=com.okta.rest \
-DprojectArtifactId=quarkus \
-DclassName="com.okta.rest.quarkus.HelloResource" \
-Dpath="/hello" \
-Dextensions="smallrye-jwt,resteasy-reactive"
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https://code.quarkus.io
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package com.okta.rest.quarkus;
import io.quarkus.security.Authenticated;
import javax.ws.rs.GET;
import javax.ws.rs.Path;
import javax.ws.rs.Produces;
import javax.ws.rs.core.Context;
import javax.ws.rs.core.MediaType;
import javax.ws.rs.core.SecurityContext;
import java.security.Principal;
@Path("/hello")
public class HelloResource {
@GET
@Path("/")
@Authenticated
@Produces(MediaType.TEXT_PLAIN)
public String hello(@Context SecurityContext context) {
Principal userPrincipal = context.getUserPrincipal();
return "Hello, " + userPrincipal.getName() + "!";
}
}
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mp.jwt.verify.publickey.location=
https://dev-133337.okta.com/
oauth2/default/v1/keys
mp.jwt.verify.issuer=https://
dev-133337.okta.com/oauth2/
default
MicroProfile JWT Security
https://www.eclipse.org/community/eclipse_newsletter/2017/september/article2.php
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mp.jwt.verify.publickey.location=
https://dev-133337.okta.com/
oauth2/default/v1/keys
mp.jwt.verify.issuer=https://
dev-133337.okta.com/oauth2/
default
MicroProfile JWT Security
https://www.eclipse.org/community/eclipse_newsletter/2017/september/article2.php
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Test Quarkus with HTTPie
https://httpie.org
mvn quarkus:dev
http :8080/hello
TOKEN=eyJraWQiOiJxOE1QMjFNNHZCVmxOSkxGbFFWNlN...
http :8080/hello Authorization:"Bearer $TOKEN"
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Verify Quarkus API with HTTPie
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@mraible
Get Started with Spring Boot
http https://start.spring.io/starter.zip \
dependencies==web,oauth2-resource-server,native \
packageName==com.okta.rest \
name==spring-boot \
type==maven-project \
baseDir==spring-boot | tar -xzvf -
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https://start.spring.io
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package com.okta.rest.controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import java.security.Principal;
@RestController
public class HelloController {
@GetMapping("/hello")
public String hello(Principal principal) {
return "Hello, " + principal.getName() + "!";
}
}
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Spring Security OAuth 2.0 Resource Server
https://docs.spring.io/spring-security/site/docs/current/reference/html5/#oauth2resourceserver
okta.oauth2.issuer=https://dev-133337.okta.com/
oauth2/default
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Test Spring Boot with HTTPie
https://httpie.org
mvn spring-boot:run
http :8080/hello
TOKEN=eyJraWQiOiJxOE1QMjFNNHZCVmxOSkxGbFFWNlN...
http :8080/hello Authorization:"Bearer $TOKEN"
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Verify Spring Boot API with HTTPie
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@mraible
Startup Performance
Milliseconds
0
750
1500
2250
3000
Micronaut Quarkus Spring Boot
1,497
568
573
1,122
1,918
456
Dev Startup (mvn) Packaged Startup (java -jar)
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@mraible
Build GraphQL APIs with Java
Why GraphQL?
Does your favorite framework support GraphQL?
Micronaut
https://micronaut-projects.github.io/micronaut-graphql/latest/guide
Quarkus
https://quarkus.io/guides/smallrye-graphql
Spring Boot
https://spring.io/projects/spring-graphql
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@mraible
Secure your API with OAuth 2.0
https://aaronparecki.com/2019/12/12/21/its-time-for-oauth-2-dot-1
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@mraible
Secure your API with OAuth 2.1
https://oauth.net/2.1
PKCE is required for all clients using the authorization code flow
Redirect URIs must be compared using exact string matching
The Implicit grant is omitted from this specification
The Resource Owner Password Credentials grant is omitted from this specification
Bearer token usage omits the use of bearer tokens in the query string of URIs
Refresh tokens for public clients must either be sender-constrained or one-time use
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@mraible
Authenticate with OpenID Connect (OIDC)
What is OpenID Connect?
Does your favorite framework support OIDC authentication?
Micronaut
https://guides.micronaut.io/latest/micronaut-oauth2-okta.html
Quarkus
https://quarkus.io/guides/security-openid-connect-web-authentication
Spring Boot
https://docs.spring.io/spring-security/site/docs/current/reference/html5/#oauth2login
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What about testing?
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@mraible
Build with Docker
Create a Dockerfile
FROM openjdk:17-alpine
ARG JAR_FILE=target/*.jar
COPY ${JAR_FILE} app.jar
EXPOSE 8080
ENTRYPOINT ["java","-jar","/app.jar"]
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@mraible
Build with Docker
Build your image
docker build -t .
Run your image
docker run -it -p8080:8080
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@mraible
Build with Docker: Jib
Get Jibby with it!
mvn verify jib:build
Or build directly to your Docker daemon
mvn verify jib:dockerBuild
https://github.com/GoogleContainerTools/jib
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@mraible
Build with Docker
Micronaut uses Jib, but you must configure plugins
Quarkus generates four Docker-related files
Dockerfile.jvm
Dockerfile.legacy-jar
Dockerfile.native
Dockerfile.native-distroless
Quarkus + Jib
mvn quarkus:add-extension -Dextensions="container-image-jib"
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@mraible
Build with Docker
Spring Boot 2.3+ has built-in support
mvn spring-boot:build-image
Uses layered JARs for faster builds
dependencies
snapshot-dependencies
resources
application
https://spring.io/blog/2020/01/27/creating-docker-images-with-spring-boot-2-3-0-m1
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@mraible
Use Micronaut CLI
mn create-app ...
mvn package -Dpackaging=native-image
gradle nativeImage
gradle dockerBuildNative
Go Native with GraalVM and Micronaut
https://docs.micronaut.io/latest/guide/#graal
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@mraible
Go Native with GraalVM and Quarkus
Create an executable without GraalVM installed
mvn package -Pnative -Dquarkus.native.container-build=true
Then, build the image
docker build -f src/main/docker/Dockerfile.native -t \
.
And run it
docker run -it -p8080:8080
https://quarkus.io/guides/building-native-image
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@mraible
Use start.spring.io to get plugins and profiles
org.springframework.boot
spring-boot-maven-plugin
${repackage.classifier}
![]()
paketobuildpacks/builder:tiny
true
org.springframework.experimental
spring-aot-maven-plugin
${spring-native.version}
Go Native with GraalVM and Spring Boot
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@mraible
Go Native with GraalVM and Spring Boot
Add milestone repositories to your pom.xml
spring-milestones
Spring Milestones
https://repo.spring.io/milestone
spring-milestones
Spring Milestones
https://repo.spring.io/milestone
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@mraible
Go Native with GraalVM and Spring Boot
Add Spring Native dependency
org.springframework.experimental
spring-native
0.11.0-RC1
Build the native application
mvn spring-boot:build-image
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@mraible
How we fixed the Okta Spring Boot Starter
https://youtu.be/8vY-9tXlCW4
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@mraible
Native Startup Performance
Milliseconds
0
25
50
75
100
December 2, 2021
61.8
18.4
19.8
Micronaut Quarkus Spring Boot
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@mraible
Native Memory Used (MB)
Milliseconds
0
25
50
75
100
December 2, 2021
58
32
78
Micronaut Quarkus Spring Boot
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@mraible
Tests Run on a 2019 MacBook Pro
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@mraible
Demo Time!
https://github.com/oktadev/native-java-examples
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Community
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@mraible
Stack Overflow Tags
0
32500
65000
97500
130000
December 2, 2021
61
114,122
2,171
1,242
Micronaut Quarkus Spring Boot Helidon
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@mraible
GitHub Stars
0
18750
37500
56250
75000
December 3, 2021
2,500
58,500
8,900
5,100
Micronaut Quarkus Spring Boot Helidon
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star-history.t9t.io/#micronaut-projects/micronaut-core&quarkusio/quarkus&spring-projects/spring-boot
GitHub Star Growth
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@mraible
Jobs on Indeed (US)
0
3250
6500
9750
13000
December 3, 2021
11,333
198
166
Micronaut Quarkus Spring Boot
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@mraible
Twitter Followers
0
25000
50000
75000
100000
December 3, 2021
3,322
80,200
13,100
10,900
Micronaut Quarkus Spring Boot Helidon
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Hot Web Frameworks https://hotframeworks.com
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@mraible
JHipster Support 🤓
Micronaut Blueprint - github.com/jhipster/generator-jhipster-micronaut
- v1.0.2, 18 releases, 16 contributors, 382 commits
// TODO: Micronaut 3, Reactive, Microservices, GraalVM native images
Quarkus Blueprint - github.com/jhipster/generator-jhipster-quarkus
- v2.0.0-beta.1, 6 releases, 16 contributors, 550 commits
// TODO: Quarkus 2.3, Dev Services, Reactive, Microservices
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https://developer.okta.com/blog/2021/01/20/reactive-java-microservices
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https://developer.okta.com/blog/2020/08/17/micronaut-jhipster-heroku
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https://developer.okta.com/blog/2021/03/08/jhipster-quarkus-oidc
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Summary of latest update
https://twitter.com/mraible/status/1466812781454368778
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@mraible
Action!
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developer.okta.com/blog/tags/java
@oktadev
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git clone https://github.com/oktadeveloper/okta-spring-webflux-react-
example.git
https://github.com/oktadev/native-java-examples
Use the Source, Luke!
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Thanks!
Keep in Touch
raibledesigns.com
@mraible
Presentations
speakerdeck.com/mraible
Code
github.com/oktadev
developer.okta.com
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developer.okta.com