Security and Privacy on the Web in 2016

Slide 1

Slide 1 text

Security and Privacy on the Web in 2016 François Marier @fmarier mozilla

Slide 2

Slide 2 text

Security and Privacy for users, sysadmins and developers

Slide 3

Slide 3 text

security

Slide 4

Slide 4 text

security for users

Slide 5

Slide 5 text

Safe Browsing

Slide 6

Slide 6 text

No content

Slide 7

Slide 7 text

pre-downloaded URL hash prefixes

Slide 8

Slide 8 text

pre-downloaded URL hash prefixes list updated every 30 minutes

Slide 9

Slide 9 text

pre-downloaded URL hash prefixes list updated every 30 minutes server completions on prefix hit (with noise entries)

Slide 10

Slide 10 text

pre-downloaded URL hash prefixes list updated every 30 minutes server completions on prefix hit (with noise entries) separate cookie jar

Slide 11

Slide 11 text

pre-downloaded URL hash prefixes list updated every 30 minutes server completions on prefix hit (with noise entries) separate cookie jar list entries expire after 45 minutes

Slide 12

Slide 12 text

about:config browser.safebrowsing.enabled (phishing) browser.safebrowsing.malware.enabled (malware)

Slide 13

Slide 13 text

Download Protection

Slide 14

Slide 14 text

No content

Slide 15

Slide 15 text

is it on the pre-downloaded list of dangerous hosts?

Slide 16

Slide 16 text

is it on the pre-downloaded list of dangerous hosts? is it signed by a known good software provider?

Slide 17

Slide 17 text

is it on the pre-downloaded list of dangerous hosts? is it signed by a known good software provider? is it an executable file (.exe, .com, .pif, .dmg, etc.)?

Slide 18

Slide 18 text

is it on the pre-downloaded list of dangerous hosts? is it signed by a known good software provider? is it an executable file (.exe, .com, .pif, .dmg, etc.)? what does the apprep server think about it?

Slide 19

Slide 19 text

about:config browser.safebrowsing.downloads.remote.enabled browser.safebrowsing.downloads.remote.block_potentially_unwanted browser.safebrowsing.downloads.remote.block_uncommon

Slide 20

Slide 20 text

https://feeding.cloud.geek.nz/posts/how-safe-browsing-works-in-firefox/

Slide 21

Slide 21 text

security for developers

Slide 22

Slide 22 text

Content Security Policy aka CSP mechanism for preventing XSS

Slide 23

Slide 23 text

telling the browser what external content is allowed to load

Slide 24

Slide 24 text

Hi y'all alert('p0wned'); ! Tweet! What's on your mind?

Slide 25

Slide 25 text

without CSP

Slide 26

Slide 26 text

Hi y'all! John Doe - just moments ago p0wned Ok

Slide 27

Slide 27 text

with CSP

Slide 28

Slide 28 text

Hi y'all! John Doe - just moments ago

Slide 29

Slide 29 text

Content-Security-Policy: script-src 'self' https://cdn.example.com

Slide 30

Slide 30 text

script-src object-src style-src img-src media-src frame-src font-src connect-src

Slide 31

Slide 31 text

Strict Transport Security aka HSTS mechanism for preventing HTTPS to HTTP downgrades

Slide 32

Slide 32 text

telling the browser that your site should never be reached over HTTP

Slide 33

Slide 33 text

No content

Slide 34

Slide 34 text

GET bank.com 301 → GET https://bank.com 200 → no HSTS, no sslstrip

Slide 35

Slide 35 text

GET bank.com → 200 no HSTS, with sslstrip

Slide 36

Slide 36 text

what does HSTS look like?

Slide 37

Slide 37 text

$ curl -i https://bank.com HTTP/1.1 200 OK Cache-Control: private Content-Type: text/html; charset=utf-8 Strict-Transport-Security: max-age=31536000 ...

Slide 38

Slide 38 text

with HSTS, with sslstrip GET https://bank.com 200 →

Slide 39

Slide 39 text

no HTTP traffic for sslstrip to tamper with

Slide 40

Slide 40 text

No content

Slide 41

Slide 41 text

No content

Slide 42

Slide 42 text

No content

Slide 43

Slide 43 text

https://ajax.googleapis.com /ajax/libs/jquery/1.8.0/ jquery.min.js

Slide 44

Slide 44 text

what would happen if that server were compromised?

Slide 45

Slide 45 text

No content

Slide 46

Slide 46 text

Bad Things™ steal sessions leak confidential data redirect to phishing sites enlist DDoS zombies

Slide 47

Slide 47 text

simple solution

Slide 48

Slide 48 text

instead of this:

Slide 49

Slide 49 text

do this:

Slide 50

Slide 50 text

guarantee: script won't change or it'll be blocked

Slide 51

Slide 51 text

security for sysadmins

Slide 52

Slide 52 text

HTTPS

Slide 53

Slide 53 text

if you're not using it, now is the time to start :)

Slide 54

Slide 54 text

No content

Slide 55

Slide 55 text

No content

Slide 56

Slide 56 text

mass surveillance of all Internet traffic is no longer theoretical

Slide 57

Slide 57 text

strong encryption of all Internet traffic is no longer optional

Slide 58

Slide 58 text

“If we only use encryption when we're working with important data, then encryption signals that data's importance. If only dissidents use encryption in a country, that country's authorities have an easy way of identifying them. But if everyone uses it all of the time, encryption ceases to be a signal. The government can't tell the dissidents from the rest of the population. Every time you use encryption, you're protecting someone who needs to use it to stay alive.” -Bruce Schneier

Slide 59

Slide 59 text

No content

Slide 60

Slide 60 text

No content

Slide 61

Slide 61 text

No content

Slide 62

Slide 62 text

$ apt-get install letsencrypt $ letsencrypt example.com

Slide 63

Slide 63 text

automatically prove domain ownership download a free-as-in-beer certificate monitor and renew it before it expires

Slide 64

Slide 64 text

automatically prove domain ownership download a free-as-in-beer certificate monitor and renew it before it expires

Slide 65

Slide 65 text

automatically prove domain ownership download a free-as-in-beer certificate monitor and renew it before it expires

Slide 66

Slide 66 text

HTTPS is not enough you need to do it properly

Slide 67

Slide 67 text

RC4

Slide 68

Slide 68 text

SHA-1 RC4

Slide 69

Slide 69 text

SHA-1 1024-bit certificates RC4

Slide 70

Slide 70 text

SHA-1 1024-bit certificates RC4 weak DH parameters

Slide 71

Slide 71 text

No content

Slide 72

Slide 72 text

No content

Slide 73

Slide 73 text

No content

Slide 74

Slide 74 text

No content

Slide 75

Slide 75 text

https://people.mozilla.org/~fmarier/mixed-content.html

Slide 76

Slide 76 text

No content

Slide 77

Slide 77 text

turn on full mixed-content blocking in development

Slide 78

Slide 78 text

privacy

Slide 79

Slide 79 text

privacy for users

Slide 80

Slide 80 text

No content

Slide 81

Slide 81 text

No content

Slide 82

Slide 82 text

No content

Slide 83

Slide 83 text

No content

Slide 84

Slide 84 text

about:config network.cookie.lifetimePolicy = 3 network.cookie.lifetime.days = 5 network.cookie.thirdparty.sessionOnly = true

Slide 85

Slide 85 text

https://feeding.cloud.geek.nz/posts/tweaking-cookies-for-privacy-in-firefox/

Slide 86

Slide 86 text

Tracking Protection

Slide 87

Slide 87 text

No content

Slide 88

Slide 88 text

based on Safe Browsing pre-downloaded list of full hashes (no server lookups)

Slide 89

Slide 89 text

1. is this resource coming from a third-party server? 2. is it on Disconnect's list of trackers? 3. is it actually a third-party or does it belong to the same org?

Slide 90

Slide 90 text

Q: What does it do? A: It blocks network loads!

Slide 91

Slide 91 text

No cookies No fingerprinting No wasted bandwidth No performance hit

Slide 92

Slide 92 text

about:config privacy.trackingprotection.pbmode.enabled

Slide 93

Slide 93 text

about:config privacy.trackingprotection.enabled

Slide 94

Slide 94 text

https://feeding.cloud.geek.nz/posts/how-tracking-protection-works-in-firefox/

Slide 95

Slide 95 text

privacy for developers

Slide 96

Slide 96 text

No content

Slide 97

Slide 97 text

No content

Slide 98

Slide 98 text

http://example.com/search?q=serious+medical+condition Click here for the cheapest insurance around! Bla bla bla, bla bla, bla bla bla bla. Bla bla bla, bla bla, bla bla bla bla. Bla bla bla, bla bla, bla bla bla bla. Bla bla bla, bla bla, bla bla bla bla. Bla bla bla, bla bla, bla bla bla bla. Bla bla bla, bla bla, bla bla bla bla. Bla bla bla, bla bla, bla bla bla bla. Bla bla bla, bla bla, bla bla bla bla. Bla bla bla, bla bla, bla bla bla bla. Bla bla bla, bla bla, bla bla bla bla.

Slide 99