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Profiling PHP
Michael Heap (@mheap)
Freelance at Intechrity
Presented at Midwest PHP 2017
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Me!
I’m Michael
I’m @mheap
Freelance at Intechrity
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Me!
I’m Michael
I’m @mheap
Used to work at DataSift
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@mheap
https://joind.in/20314
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Disclaimer
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Profiling PHP
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Profiling Applications
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We Won’t Cover
Frontend optimisation
Database queries
TCP Negotiation
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We Will Cover
Naive profiling
XHProf
XHGUI
Other considerations
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Setting the scene
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{
“interaction”: {
“content": "Hello World”,
”author”: {
“name”: ”Michael"
}
}
}
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{
“interaction”: {
“content": "Hello World”,
”author”: {
“name”: ”Michael"
}
}
}
[“interaction.content”, “interaction.author.name”]
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{
“interaction”: {
“content": "Hello World”,
”author”: {
“name”: ”Michael"
}
}
}
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{
“interaction”: {
“content": "Hello World”,
”author”: {
“name”: ”Michael"
}
}
}
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{
“interaction”: {
“content": "Hello World”,
”author”: {
“name”: ”Michael"
}
}
}
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{
“interaction”: {
“content": "Hello World”,
”author”: {
“name”: ”Michael"
}
}
}
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{
“interaction”: {
“content": "Hello World”,
”author”: {
“name”: ”Michael"
}
}
}
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[“interaction.content”]
{
“interaction”: {
“content": "Hello World”,
”author”: {
“name”: ”Michael"
}
}
}
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{
“interaction”: {
“content": "Hello World”,
”author”: {
“name”: ”Michael"
}
}
}
[“interaction.content”]
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{
“interaction”: {
“content": "Hello World”,
”author”: {
“name”: ”Michael"
}
}
}
[“interaction.content”]
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{
“interaction”: {
“content": "Hello World”,
”author”: {
“name”: ”Michael"
}
}
}
[“interaction.content”]
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{
“interaction”: {
“content": "Hello World”,
”author”: {
“name”: ”Michael"
}
}
}
[“interaction.content”]
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{
“interaction”: {
“content": "Hello World”,
”author”: {
“name”: ”Michael"
}
}
}
[“interaction.content”]
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{
“interaction”: {
“content": "Hello World”,
”author”: {
“name”: ”Michael"
}
}
}
[“interaction.content”, “interaction.author.name”]
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{
"interaction": {
"author": {
"id": 115193554,
"link": "http://hooliganstsar.tumblr.com/",
"username": "hooliganstsar"
},
"content": "irhinoceri:\nWhen people try to discount Padme’s love for Anakin they completely ignore the fact that she says “stop come back I love you” even after she realizes that he’s committed murder and that he has delusions of grandeur where they become co-dictators.\nSure, it’s a desperate, emotional plea and not a promise that everything will return to normal. Not saying that. What I am saying is that she still loved him and believed there was
good in him even after he destroyed the very republic that s...",
"created_at": "Thu, 26 May 2016 15:12:31 +0000",
"id": "1e6235444361a9808d6a8de10491c475",
"link": "http://hooliganstsar.tumblr.com/post/144958725235",
"media_type": "text",
"received_at": 1464275553.0978,
"schema": {
"version": 3
},
"subtype": "post",
"type": "tumblr"
},
"language": {
"tag": "en",
"tag_extended": "en",
"confidence": 99
},
"salience": {
"content": {
"entities": [{
"name": "Padme",
"type": "Person",
"label": "Person",
"sentiment": -8,
"evidence": 7,
"confident": 1,
"about": 1,
"themes": ["flawed human", "committed murder", "n’t problematic", "justifiably upset", "Dark Side Anakin", "bad meta", "unemotional level", "space feminist", "true reason", "sentient beings", "including children", "political views cause"]
}, {
"name": "Obi Wan",
"type": "Person",
"label": "Person",
"sentiment": 5,
"evidence": 6,
"confident": 1,
"about": 0,
"themes": ["loved Anakin", "Obikin shippers"]
}, {
"name": "“stop come back I love you”",
"type": "Quote",
"label": "Quote",
"sentiment": 6,
"evidence": 1,
"confident": 1,
"about": 0,
"themes": ["committed murder", "emotional plea"]
}, {
"name": "“well I can respect this woman only if she loves the political system more than the person.”",
"type": "Quote",
"label": "Quote",
"sentiment": 4,
"evidence": 1,
"confident": 1,
"about": 0,
"themes": ["political system", "problematic husband ffs", "flawed human", "n’t problematic"]
}, {
"name": "“space feminist”",
"type": "Quote",
"label": "Quote",
"sentiment": 0,
"evidence": 1,
"confident": 1,
"about": 0,
"themes": ["true reason", "bad meta", "unemotional level", "space feminist", "sentient beings", "including children"]
}, {
"name": "“more.”",
"type": "Quote",
"label": "Quote",
"sentiment": 0,
"evidence": 1,
"confident": 1,
"about": 0,
"themes": ["different motivations"]
}],
"sentiment": 0,
"topics": [{
"name": "Crime",
"hits": 0,
"score": 0.66876006126404,
"additional": "irhinoceri: When people try to discount Padme’s love for Anakin they completely ignore the fact that she says “stop come back I love you” even after she realizes that he’s committed murder and that he has delusions of grandeur where they become co-dictators. It’s not like the republic wasn’t problematic itself so basically you’re pitting a flawed human being against a flawed political
system and saying “well I can respect this woman only if she loves the political system more than the person.” T..."
}]
}
},
"tumblr": {
"action": "create",
"activity": "post",
"blog": {
"id": "115193554",
"is_group_blog": false,
"name": "hooliganstsar",
"url": "http://hooliganstsar.tumblr.com/"
},
"blog_name": "hooliganstsar",
"blogid": "115193554",
"body": "irhinoceri:\n\nWhen people try to discount Padme’s love for Anakin they completely ignore the fact that she says “stop come back I love you” even after she realizes that he’s committed murder and that he has delusions of grandeur where they become co-dictators.\nSure, it’s a desperate, emotional plea and not a promise that everything will return to normal. Not saying that. What I am saying is that she still loved him and believed there was
good in him even after he destroyed the very republic that ...",
"created_at": "Thu, 26 May 2016 15:12:31 +0000",
"format": "html",
"id": "000533c038212bbbfd64395be146f382",
"is_submission": false,
"note_count": 397,
"post": {
"id": "144958725235",
"url": "http://hooliganstsar.tumblr.com/post/144958725235"
},
"post_url": "http://hooliganstsar.tumblr.com/post/144958725235",
"postid": "144958725235",
"reblogged": {
"parent": {
"blogid": "44626114",
"id": "144958505451",
"name": "imaginal",
"url": "http://imaginal.tumblr.com/post/144958505451"
},
"root": {
"blogid": "23604722",
"id": "140021104712",
"name": "irhinoceri",
"url": "http://irhinoceri.tumblr.com/post/140021104712"
},
"source": {
"blogid": "115193554"
}
},
"short_url": "https://tmblr.co/ZgfWkr270Dfnp",
"slug": "irhinoceri-when-people-try-to-discount-padmes",
"source_title": "irhinoceri",
"source_url": "http://irhinoceri.tumblr.com/post/140021104712/when-people-try-to-discount-padmes-love-for",
"type": "text",
"url": "https://tmblr.co/ZgfWkr270Dfnp"
}
}
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Time limited
Resource limited
Fixed amount of data
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Test harness
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Example data
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$start = microtime(true);
$input = file_get_contents('./small.json');
foreach (explode("\n", $input) as $line){
$tmp = json_decode($line, true);
if ($tmp) { $data[] = $tmp; }
}
echo "Took: ". (microtime(true) - $start);
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$start = microtime(true);
$input = file_get_contents('./small.json');
foreach (explode("\n", $input) as $line){
$tmp = json_decode($line, true);
if ($tmp) { $data[] = $tmp; }
}
echo "Took: ". (microtime(true) - $start);
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$start = microtime(true);
$input = file_get_contents('./small.json');
foreach (explode("\n", $input) as $line){
$tmp = json_decode($line, true);
if ($tmp) { $data[] = $tmp; }
}
echo "Took: ". (microtime(true) - $start);
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$start = microtime(true);
$input = file_get_contents('./small.json');
foreach (explode("\n", $input) as $line){
$tmp = json_decode($line, true);
if ($tmp) { $data[] = $tmp; }
}
echo "Took: ". (microtime(true) - $start);
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$start = microtime(true);
$input = file_get_contents('./small.json');
foreach (explode("\n", $input) as $line){
$tmp = json_decode($line, true);
if ($tmp) { $data[] = $tmp; }
}
echo "Took: ". (microtime(true) - $start);
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Run Times
50,000 items: 5.7440850734711
50,000 items: 5.8537809848785
50,000 items: 5.5094730854034
50,000 items: 5.8217489719391
50,000 items: 5.8287329673767
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$start = microtime(true);
$input = file_get_contents('./small.json');
foreach (explode("\n", $input) as $line){
$tmp = json_decode($line, true);
if ($tmp) { $data[] = $tmp; }
}
echo "Took: ". (microtime(true) - $start);
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$start = microtime(true);
$input = file_get_contents('./small.json');
foreach (explode("\n", $input) as $line){
$tmp = json_decode($line, true);
if ($tmp) { $data[] = $tmp; }
}
echo "Took: ". (microtime(true) - $start);
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if (file_exists("./cache")){
$data = json_decode(
file_get_contents("./cache"), true
);
} else {
$input = file_get_contents('./small.json');
foreach (explode("\n", $input) as $line){
// Decode and add to array
}
file_put_contents("./cache",
json_encode($data)
);
}
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Run Times
Without Cache: 11.717740058899
With Cache: 8.7964880466461
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Run Times
Without Cache: 11.717740058899 ~5.7
With Cache: 8.7964880466461
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Guessing
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XHProf
sudo pecl install xhprof-0.9.4
extension=xhprof.so
/usr/share/php/xhprof_lib
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xhprof_enable(
XHPROF_FLAGS_CPU +
XHPROF_FLAGS_MEMORY
)
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$data = xhprof_disable();
print_r($data);
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[main()==>json_decode] => Array
(
[ct] => 50001
[wt] => 4379326
[cpu] => 4710383
[mu] => 807834192
[pmu] => 807572808
)
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include_once '/usr/share/php/xhprof_lib/utils/
xhprof_lib.php';
include_once '/usr/share/php/xhprof_lib/utils/
xhprof_runs.php';
$runs = new XHProfRuns_Default();
$runs->save_run($xhprof_data, "michael");
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No Cache
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Total Incl. Wall Time (microsec): 12,638,896 microsecs
Total Incl. CPU (microsecs): 9,692,792 microsecs
Total Incl. MemUse (bytes): 929,483,336 bytes
Total Incl. PeakMemUse (bytes): 1,170,441,880 bytes
Number of Function Calls: 50,008
No Cache
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Total Incl. Wall Time (microsec): 9,473,467 microsecs
Total Incl. CPU (microsecs): 7,010,122 microsecs
Total Incl. MemUse (bytes): 815,163,360 bytes
Total Incl. PeakMemUse (bytes): 935,510,968 bytes
Number of Function Calls: 5
Cache
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No Cache
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No Cache
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No Cache
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No Cache
Cache
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Back to the task
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{
“interaction”: {
“content": "Hello World”,
”author”: {
“name”: ”Michael"
}
}
}
[“interaction.content”, “interaction.author.name”]
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Tests!
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public function providerGenerate()
{
$r = [];
$r['two values, same namespace'] = [
['interaction' => ['author' => 'Michael', 'content' => 'Foo' ]],
['interaction.author', 'interaction.content']
];
$r['multiple levels'] = [
['interaction' => ['author' => ['name' =>'Michael'], 'content' => 'Foo' ]],
['interaction.author.name', 'interaction.content']
];
$r['list'] = [
['interaction' => ['author' => 'Michael', 'content' => ['a','b','c'] ]],
['interaction.author', 'interaction.content']
];
return $r;
}
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/**
* @dataProvider providerGenerate
*/
public function testGenerateV1($input, $expected)
{
$r = new \Target\V1();
$actual = $r->generateAll([$input]);
$this->assertEquals($expected, $actual);
}
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Version 1
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public function generate($interaction, $parents = []) {
$keys = [];
foreach ($interaction as $k => $v) {
$newFields = [];
if (!is_numeric($k)) {
$newFields[] = $k;
}
if (is_array($v) || is_object($v)) {
$keys = array_merge($keys, $this->generate($v,
array_merge($parents, $newFields)));
} else {
$keys[] = implode(array_merge($parents ,$newFields), ".");
}
}
return $keys;
}
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public function generate($interaction, $parents = []) {
$keys = [];
foreach ($interaction as $k => $v) {
$newFields = [];
if (!is_numeric($k)) {
$newFields[] = $k;
}
if (is_array($v) || is_object($v)) {
$keys = array_merge($keys, $this->generate($v,
array_merge($parents, $newFields)));
} else {
$keys[] = implode(array_merge($parents ,$newFields), ".");
}
}
return $keys;
}
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public function generate($interaction, $parents = []) {
$keys = [];
foreach ($interaction as $k => $v) {
$newFields = [];
if (!is_numeric($k)) {
$newFields[] = $k;
}
if (is_array($v) || is_object($v)) {
$keys = array_merge($keys, $this->generate($v,
array_merge($parents, $newFields)));
} else {
$keys[] = implode(array_merge($parents ,$newFields), ".");
}
}
return $keys;
}
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public function generate($interaction, $parents = []) {
$keys = [];
foreach ($interaction as $k => $v) {
$newFields = [];
if (!is_numeric($k)) {
$newFields[] = $k;
}
if (is_array($v) || is_object($v)) {
$keys = array_merge($keys, $this->generate($v,
array_merge($parents, $newFields)));
} else {
$keys[] = implode(array_merge($parents ,$newFields), ".");
}
}
return $keys;
}
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public function generateAll($interactions) {
$all = [];
foreach ($interactions as $i) {
$all = array_merge($all, $this->generate($i));
}
return array_filter(array_unique($all));
}
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public function generateAll($interactions) {
$all = [];
foreach ($interactions as $i) {
$all = array_merge($all, $this->generate($i));
}
return array_filter(array_unique($all));
}
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public function generateAll($interactions) {
$all = [];
foreach ($interactions as $i) {
$all = array_merge($all, $this->generate($i));
}
return array_filter(array_unique($all));
}
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Total Incl. Wall Time (microsec): 8,046,823 microsecs
Total Incl. CPU (microsecs): 8,018,211 microsecs
Total Incl. MemUse (bytes): 19,617,760 bytes
Total Incl. PeakMemUse (bytes): 37,543,384 bytes
Number of Function Calls: 355,764
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public function generate($interaction, $parents = []) {
$keys = [];
foreach ($interaction as $k => $v) {
$newFields = [];
if (!is_numeric($k)) {
$newFields[] = $k;
}
if (is_array($v) || is_object($v)) {
$keys = array_merge($keys, $this->generate($v,
array_merge($parents, $newFields)));
} else {
$keys[] = implode(array_merge($parents ,$newFields), ".");
}
}
return $keys;
}
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No content
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No content
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function array_merge($a, $b) {
$n = [];
foreach ($a as $v) {
$n[] = $v;
}
foreach ($b as $v) {
$n[] = $v;
}
return $n;
}
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Run # A B Total Copies
1 0 150 150
2 150 150 300
3 300 150 450
10 1350 150 1500
1000 149,850 150 150,000
10,000 1,498,500 150 1,500,000
100,000 14,985,000 150 15,000,000
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Version 2
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public function generate($interaction, $parents = []) {
$keys = [];
foreach ($interaction as $k => $v) {
$newFields = [];
if (!is_numeric($k)) {
$newFields[] = $k;
}
if (is_array($v) || is_object($v)) {
$keys = array_merge($keys, $this->generate($v,
array_merge($parents, $newFields)));
} else {
$keys[] = implode(array_merge($parents ,$newFields), ".");
}
}
return $keys;
}
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public function generate($interaction, $parents = []) {
$keys = [];
foreach ($interaction as $k => $v) {
$newFields = [];
if (!is_numeric($k)) {
$newFields[] = $k;
}
if (is_array($v) || is_object($v)) {
foreach ($this->generate($v, array_merge($parents, $newFields)
as $val) { $keys[] = $val; }
} else {
$keys[] = implode(array_merge($parents ,$newFields), ".");
}
}
return $keys;
}
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public function generateAll($interactions) {
$all = [];
foreach ($interactions as $i) {
$all = array_merge($all, $this->generate($i));
}
return array_filter(array_unique($all));
}
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public function generateAll($interactions) {
$all = [];
foreach ($interactions as $i) {
foreach ($this->generate($i) as $g){
$all[] = $g;
}
}
return array_filter(array_unique($all));
}
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Total Incl. Wall Time (microsec): 3,617,157 microsecs
Total Incl. CPU (microsecs): 3,539,472 microsecs
Total Incl. MemUse (bytes): 20,135,232 bytes
Total Incl. PeakMemUse (bytes): 37,407,936 bytes
Number of Function Calls: 334,278
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No content
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No content
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Version 2.5
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public function generate($interaction, $parents = []) {
$keys = [];
foreach ($interaction as $k => $v) {
$newFields = [];
if (!is_numeric($k)) {
$newFields[] = $k;
}
if ($v instanceof Traversable) {
foreach ($this->generate($v, array_merge($parents, $newFields)
as $val) { $keys[] = $val; }
} else {
$keys[] = implode(array_merge($parents ,$newFields), ".");
}
}
return $keys;
}
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Total Incl. Wall Time (microsec): 274,998 microsecs
Total Incl. CPU (microsecs): 221,910 microsecs
Total Incl. MemUse (bytes): 19,510,464 bytes
Total Incl. PeakMemUse (bytes): 22,173,048 bytes
Number of Function Calls: 10,922
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Version 3
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public function generate($interaction, $parents = []) {
$keys = [];
foreach ($interaction as $k => $v) {
$newFields = [];
if (!is_numeric($k)) {
$newFields[] = $k;
}
if (is_array($v) || is_object($v)) {
foreach ($this->generate($v, array_merge($parents, $newFields)
as $val) { $keys[] = $val; }
} else {
$keys[] = implode(array_merge($parents ,$newFields), ".");
}
}
return $keys;
}
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public function generate($interaction, $parents = []) {
$keys = [];
foreach ($interaction as $k => $v) {
$newFields = [];
if (!is_numeric($k)) {
$newFields[] = $k;
}
if (!is_scalar($v)) {
foreach ($this->generate($v, array_merge($parents, $newFields)
as $val) { $keys[] = $val; }
} else {
$keys[] = implode(array_merge($parents ,$newFields), ".");
}
}
return $keys;
}
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Total Incl. Wall Time (microsec): 2,926,818 microsecs
Total Incl. CPU (microsecs): 2,857,804 microsecs
Total Incl. MemUse (bytes): 20,126,960 bytes
Total Incl. PeakMemUse (bytes): 37,362,384 bytes
Number of Function Calls: 284,214
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Total Incl. Wall Time (microsec): 3,617,157 microsecs
Total Incl. CPU (microsecs): 3,539,472 microsecs
Total Incl. MemUse (bytes): 20,135,232 bytes
Total Incl. PeakMemUse (bytes): 37,407,936 bytes
Number of Function Calls: 334,278
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Total Incl. Wall Time (microsec): 2,926,818 microsecs
Total Incl. CPU (microsecs): 2,857,804 microsecs
Total Incl. MemUse (bytes): 20,126,960 bytes
Total Incl. PeakMemUse (bytes): 37,362,384 bytes
Number of Function Calls: 284,214
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Version 4
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Total Incl. Wall Time (microsec): 8,046,823 microsecs
Total Incl. CPU (microsecs): 8,018,211 microsecs
Total Incl. MemUse (bytes): 19,617,760 bytes
Total Incl. PeakMemUse (bytes): 37,543,384 bytes
Number of Function Calls: 355,764
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Total Incl. Wall Time (microsec): 1,274,903 microsecs
Total Incl. CPU (microsecs): 1,195,136 microsecs
Total Incl. MemUse (bytes): 20,086,232 bytes
Total Incl. PeakMemUse (bytes): 34,597,576 bytes
Number of Function Calls: 93,053
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$currentDepth = [];
foreach($parents as $x){ $currentDepth[] = $x; }
foreach($newFields as $x){ $currentDepth[] = $x; }
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$str = '';
foreach ($currentDepth as $cd) {
$str .= $cd.'.';
}
$keys[] = rtrim($str, ".");
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$xx = \gettype($v)[0];
if ($xx == 'a' || $xx == 'o') {
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Version 5
(PHP 7.1 only)
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public function generate($interaction, $parents = []) {
$keys = [];
foreach ($interaction as $k => $v) {
$newFields = [];
if (!is_numeric($k)) {
$newFields[] = $k;
}
if (is_array($v) || is_object($v)) {
foreach ($this->generate($v, array_merge($parents, $newFields)
as $val) { $keys[] = $val; }
} else {
$keys[] = implode(array_merge($parents ,$newFields), ".");
}
}
return $keys;
}
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public function generate($interaction, $parents = []) {
$keys = [];
foreach ($interaction as $k => $v) {
$newFields = [];
if (!is_numeric($k)) {
$newFields[] = $k;
}
if (is_iterable($v)) {
foreach ($this->generate($v, array_merge($parents, $newFields)
as $val) { $keys[] = $val; }
} else {
$keys[] = implode(array_merge($parents ,$newFields), ".");
}
}
return $keys;
}
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Timings here would be unfair as PHP7 is much faster
(We’ll cover this soon)
Long story short: `is_iterable` is not much faster than
`is_array || is_object`
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function is_iterable($o) {
return is_array($v) || is_object($v);
}
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XHProf UI
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XHGui
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blackfire.io
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Production friendly
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Read more
https://www.colinodell.com/blog/2015-11/
optimizing-league-commonmark-blackfire-io
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XDebug/Cachegrind
tideways.io
New Relic
Zend Z-Ray
PHP Bench
Other Tools
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Observer effect
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Application
Optimisation
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$ php --go-faster
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$ php --go-faster
$ apt-get upgrade php
$ yum upgrade php
$ pacman -S php
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PHP 5.6 PHP 7 Speed Increase
V1 8,046,823 2,182,296 72%
V2 3,617,157 1,278,880 65%
V3 2,926,818 1,144,317 61%
V4 1,274,903 479,860 62%
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Caching
The fastest code is code that doesn't run
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Should it run?
The fastest code is code that doesn't run
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Async Workers
Gearman
Beanstalkd
RabbitMQ
ZeroMQ
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Logging
Work out which code paths are popular
Optimise them
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Measuring Production
Enable 1 in 1000 requests with XHProf
Blackfire production mode (with header)
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Used/available memory
Response time
Timeout
Successful/failed requests
Open socket count
Bandwidth usage
Track Everything
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Profile Everything
Framework bootstrapping
Business logic
Unit tests
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Measure
Refactor
Measure again
Process
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“Without measurements,
you’re just guessing”
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Is it worth it?
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Usually, no
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Thanks!
I’ve been @mheap, you’ve been awesome.
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