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It's the Final Keynote!
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Increase Creativity!
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Modern Dev Environments
Programmer Efficiency in 2023?
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Artificial Intelligence
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ChatGPT
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GitHub Copilot
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Editors
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VSCode
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Language Servers
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Technical
Content
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Hi, I'm Aaron!
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—Eileen Uchitelle
“I remain on the Rails core team for you.
To make Rails better for the community”
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—Aaron
“Notice me Senpai!’
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RAILS CONF!!!!
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Bona Fide Mycologist
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I don’t value my time
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Other Hobbies
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I love programming
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http://youtube.com/
tenderlovescoolstuff
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http://youtube.com/
tenderlovescoolstuff
CLICK HERE!!
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Rails monkey
patched
that??
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That’s not
your active job!
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I’m not saying it was Active
Support, but it definitely was.
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I am old 㻝
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I am old 㻝
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The best time to be a programmer
is now.
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Syntax Highlighting 㷠
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Garbage Collection
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Convention over
Configuration
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Making Decisions For Us
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Example Spring Java Bean
This is how we programmed in the early 2000's
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Meetings about column names
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Design documents about DAOs
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Data Access Object
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Rails: Follow the Convention and
everything Just Works
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Less Code
Fewer Decisions
Fewer Distractions
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㻑
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Thinking Sucks!
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Think about your app,
not primary key names
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THEY DID What??
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Artificial Intelligence
Chatgpt
GitHub
Copilot
BARD
Bing
chat
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Fake Intelligence,
Real Problems
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Licensing Issues?
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Ethics?
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Believable Bullshit
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Could be true?
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Someone, Probably
“AI users are only wasting their own time”
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-- VPP (Very Patient Person)
Hi, large language models like ChatGPT don't actually “know"
exactly how to use command line tools like GitHub CLI, so they
make up command invocations that sound plausible but may or
may not exist.
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Drudgery
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— Me, in the future
“Copilot, please fix these tests”
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Red, Green, Refactor
Adding the Feature / Tests
Fixing the Tests
Refactor the Code
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Spend Less Time on
“Boring” Tasks
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Editors
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Awkward!
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Language Server
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Language Server Protocol
(LSP)
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Language Server is a Program
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clangd
Language Server Protocol
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clangd
Language Server Protocol
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Language
Server
Protocol
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Rack
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Technical Content
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Developing a
Language Server
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VSCode Extension
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Configuring Vim
Add clangd support
# Tell Vim to find vim-lsp
packadd vim-lsp
# Use clangd if available
if executable('clangd')
au User lsp_setup call lsp#register_server({
\ 'name': 'clangd',
\ 'cmd': ['clangd'],
\ 'allowlist': ['c'],
\ })
endif
Use the “clangd”
command
Only enable it on C
files
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Check Syntax
But only check syntax on Save
def foo
if
end
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Communicate via
STDIN / STDOUT or TCP
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Typical Order of Operations
Open foo.rb
Ruby LSP
Open bar.rb
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Language Server Protocol
Just JSON with a header
Content-Length: 1234\r\n
Content-Type: application/vscode-jsonrpc; charset=utf-8\r\n
\r\n
{ cool:"stuff",live:"stream"...}
Content-Type
is optional!
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Not Request / Response
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Events, encoded as JSON
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Respond to events with `id`
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Event Message Reader
Read Messages from $stdin and Parse
module LSP
class Reader
def initialize
@io = $stdin.binmode
end
def read
buffer = @io.gets("\r\n\r\n")
content_length = buffer.match(/Content-Length: (\d+)/i)[1].to_i
message = @io.read(content_length)
JSON.parse message, symbolize_names: true
end
end
end
Read Header in
to a Buffer Get Content
Length
Read JSON event
and parse
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Event Message Writer
Write Hash as JSON to $stdout
module LSP
class Writer
def initialize
@io = $stdout.binmode
end
def write response
str = JSON.dump(response.merge("jsonrpc" => "2.0"))
@io.write "Content-Length: #{str.bytesize}\r\n"
@io.write "\r\n"
@io.write str
@io.flush
end
end
end
Add Required Key
Calculate and
write length
Send JSON Body
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Event Loop
module LSP
def self.run
reader = Reader.new
writer = Writer.new
# Handle events
subscriber = LSP::Events.new
loop do
# Read an event
message = reader.read
# Ask the handler to handle the event
subscriber.handle message[:method], message, writer
end
end
end
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First Event
“initialize” event
Content-Length: 2683\r\n
\r\n
{"id":1,"jsonrpc":"2.0","method":"initialize","params":{"rootUri":"file:///Users/aaron/git/lsp-stream","capabilities":{"workspace":
{"workspaceFolders":false,"configuration":true,"symbol":{"dynamicRegistration":false},"applyEdit":true},"window":
{"workDoneProgress":false},"textDocument":{"callHierarchy":{"dynamicRegistration":false},"rename":
{"prepareSupport":true,"dynamicRegistration":false,"prepareSupportDefaultBehavior":1},"codeAction":
{"isPreferredSupport":true,"disabledSupport":true,"codeActionLiteralSupport":{"codeActionKind":{"valueSet":
["","quickfix","refactor","refactor.extract","refactor.inline","refactor.rewrite","source","source.organizeImports"]}},"dynamicRegistration":false
},"completion":{"completionItem":{"snippetSupport":false,"resolveSupport":{"properties":["additionalTextEdits"]},"documentationFormat":
["markdown","plaintext"]},"dynamicRegistration":false,"completionItemKind":{"valueSet":
[10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9]}},"formatting":{"dynamicRegistration":false},"codeLens":
{"dynamicRegistration":false},"inlayHint":{"dynamicRegistration":false},"hover":{"dynamicRegistration":false,"contentFormat":
["markdown","plaintext"]},"rangeFormatting":{"dynamicRegistration":false},"declaration":
{"dynamicRegistration":false,"linkSupport":true},"references":{"dynamicRegistration":false},"typeHierarchy":
{"dynamicRegistration":false},"foldingRange":{"rangeLimit":5000,"dynamicRegistration":false,"lineFoldingOnly":true},"documentSymbol":
{"symbolKind":{"valueSet":
[10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9]},"dynamicRegistration":false,"labelSupport":false,"hierarchicalDocumentSymb
olSupport":false},"publishDiagnostics":{"relatedInformation":true},"synchronization":
{"dynamicRegistration":false,"willSaveWaitUntil":false,"willSave":false,"didSave":true},"documentHighlight":
{"dynamicRegistration":false},"implementation":{"dynamicRegistration":false,"linkSupport":true},"typeDefinition":
{"dynamicRegistration":false,"linkSupport":true},"semanticTokens":{"serverCancelSupport":false,"requests":
{"full":false,"range":false},"multilineTokenSupport":false,"dynamicRegistration":false,"overlappingTokenSupport":false,"tokenTypes":
["type","class","enum","interface","struct","typeParameter","parameter","variable","property","enumMember","event","function","method","macro","ke
yword","modifier","comment","string","number","regexp","operator"],"tokenModifiers":[],"formats":["relative"]},"signatureHelp":
{"dynamicRegistration":false},"definition":{"dynamicRegistration":false,"linkSupport":true}}},"rootPath":"/Users/aaron/git/lsp-
stream","clientInfo":{"name":"vim-lsp"},"processId":51035,"trace":"off"}}
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First Event
“initialize” event
Content-Length: 2683\r\n
\r\n
{"id":1,"jsonrpc":"2.0","method":"initialize","params":{"rootUri":"file:///Users/aaron/git/lsp-stream","capabilities":{"workspace":
{"workspaceFolders":false,"configuration":true,"symbol":{"dynamicRegistration":false},"applyEdit":true},"window":
{"workDoneProgress":false},"textDocument":{"callHierarchy":{"dynamicRegistration":false},"rename":
{"prepareSupport":true,"dynamicRegistration":false,"prepareSupportDefaultBehavior":1},"codeAction":
{"isPreferredSupport":true,"disabledSupport":true,"codeActionLiteralSupport":{"codeActionKind":{"valueSet":
["","quickfix","refactor","refactor.extract","refactor.inline","refactor.rewrite","source","source.organizeImports"]}},"dynamicRegistration":false
},"completion":{"completionItem":{"snippetSupport":false,"resolveSupport":{"properties":["additionalTextEdits"]},"documentationFormat":
["markdown","plaintext"]},"dynamicRegistration":false,"completionItemKind":{"valueSet":
[10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9]}},"formatting":{"dynamicRegistration":false},"codeLens":
{"dynamicRegistration":false},"inlayHint":{"dynamicRegistration":false},"hover":{"dynamicRegistration":false,"contentFormat":
["markdown","plaintext"]},"rangeFormatting":{"dynamicRegistration":false},"declaration":
{"dynamicRegistration":false,"linkSupport":true},"references":{"dynamicRegistration":false},"typeHierarchy":
{"dynamicRegistration":false},"foldingRange":{"rangeLimit":5000,"dynamicRegistration":false,"lineFoldingOnly":true},"documentSymbol":
{"symbolKind":{"valueSet":
[10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9]},"dynamicRegistration":false,"labelSupport":false,"hierarchicalDocumentSymb
olSupport":false},"publishDiagnostics":{"relatedInformation":true},"synchronization":
{"dynamicRegistration":false,"willSaveWaitUntil":false,"willSave":false,"didSave":true},"documentHighlight":
{"dynamicRegistration":false},"implementation":{"dynamicRegistration":false,"linkSupport":true},"typeDefinition":
{"dynamicRegistration":false,"linkSupport":true},"semanticTokens":{"serverCancelSupport":false,"requests":
{"full":false,"range":false},"multilineTokenSupport":false,"dynamicRegistration":false,"overlappingTokenSupport":false,"tokenTypes":
["type","class","enum","interface","struct","typeParameter","parameter","variable","property","enumMember","event","function","method","macro","ke
yword","modifier","comment","string","number","regexp","operator"],"tokenModifiers":[],"formats":["relative"]},"signatureHelp":
{"dynamicRegistration":false},"definition":{"dynamicRegistration":false,"linkSupport":true}}},"rootPath":"/Users/aaron/git/lsp-
stream","clientInfo":{"name":"vim-lsp"},"processId":51035,"trace":"off"}}
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Event Handling
Dispatch to methods based on event names
module LSP
class Events
DISPATCH = {
"initialize" => :on_initialize,
"textDocument/didSave" => :did_save
}
def handle method, message, writer
send(DISPATCH.fetch(method) { :unknown }, message, writer)
end
def on_initialize message, writer
# ...
end
end
end
Map event names
to methods
Look up methods
and call them
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Initialize Message
Tells the editor what features your server supports (server § editor)
module LSP
class Events
def on_initialize message, writer
result = {
"capabilities" => {
"textDocumentSync" => {
"openClose" => true, "change" => 1,"save" => true
}
}
}
writer.write(id: message[:id], result: result)
end
end
end
Open / Close
Change
Save
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Document Was Saved
Editor § Server
{"method":"textDocument/didSave","params":{
"textDocument":{
"uri":"file:///Users/aaron/git/minitest/test.rb"}}}
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Document Was Saved
Editor § Server
{"method":"textDocument/didSave","params":{
"textDocument":{
"uri":"file:///Users/aaron/git/minitest/test.rb"}}}
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Document Was Saved
Editor § Server
{"method":"textDocument/didSave","params":{
"textDocument":{
"uri":"file:///Users/aaron/git/minitest/test.rb"}}}
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Save Events
Parse the File, Report Document Diagnostics
module LSP
class Events
def did_save message, writer
doc = message.dig(:params, :textDocument)
file = doc[:uri].delete_prefix("file://")
result = { :uri => doc[:uri], :diagnostics => [ ] }
error = check_syntax file
if error
line_number = error.message[/(?<=:)\d+/].to_i
line = File.readlines(file)[line_number - 1]
result = {
:uri => doc[:uri], :diagnostics => [ {
"range" => {
"start" => { "character" => 0, "line" => line_number - 1 },
"end" => { "character" => line.bytesize, "line" => line_number - 1 },
},
"message" => error.message.lines.first,
"severity" => 1
}, ], }
end
writer.write(method: "textDocument/publishDiagnostics", params: result)
end
end
end
Set our default
response
Check Syntax
Extract the Line
Information
Construct Error
Report
Send Error
Report
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Checking Syntax
Try compiling the file
def check_syntax file
RubyVM::InstructionSequence.compile_file(file)
nil
rescue SyntaxError => e
e # only return syntax errors
rescue Exception
nil # ignore anything else
end
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That’s It!
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Entire Language Server
It fits on one slide!
#!/Users/aaron/.rubies/arm64/ruby-trunk/bin/ruby
require "json"
module LSP
class Writer
def initialize
@io = $stdout.binmode
end
def write response
str = JSON.dump(response.merge("jsonrpc" => "2.0"))
@io.write "Content-Length: #{str.bytesize}\r\n"
@io.write "\r\n"
@io.write str
@io.flush
end
end
class Reader
def initialize
@io = $stdin.binmode
end
def read
buffer = @io.gets("\r\n\r\n")
content_length = buffer.match(/Content-Length: (\d+)/i)[1].to_i
message = @io.read(content_length)
JSON.parse message, symbolize_names: true
end
end
class Events
DISPATCH = {
"initialize" => :on_initialize,
"textDocument/didSave" => :did_save
}
def handle method, message, writer
send DISPATCH.fetch(method) { :unknown }, message, writer
end
def on_initialize message, writer
result = {
"capabilities" => {
"textDocumentSync" => { "openClose" => true, "change" => 1,"save" => true }
}
}
writer.write(id: message[:id], result: result)
end
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Implement Other Events
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Implement other Checks
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Language Server Protocol
https://microsoft.github.io/language-server-protocol/
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https://gist.github.com/tenderlove/
9a18be7a27ba7a074a8ba8fbf554e794
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No content
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Application Record
So Many Generated Methods!
class User < ApplicationRecord
end
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Routes Files
Even More Generated Methods!
Rails.application.routes.draw do
resources :users
resources :posts
end
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Tapioca
https://github.com/Shopify/tapioca
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— Me, in my head, but now out loud at RailsConf
“What if Rails had a built-in Language
Server?”
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Prototype: Refreshing
https://github.com/tenderlove/refreshing
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Hover Info for Active Record
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No content
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Jump to “Definition”
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No content
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Hover Info for URL Helpers
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NICE!
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Jump to Definition for URL
Helpers
㷉
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Automatic Refreshing and
Error Highlighting
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We’re all TDD’ing our views
though, right?
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More Ideas!
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Ruby LSP Rails
https://github.com/Shopify/ruby-lsp-rails
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Language Server Hacks
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App Must Be Running
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Fetching Active Record Columns
Check that the constant inherits from Active Record
if token && token =~ /^[A-Z]/
begin
const = Object.const_get(token)
value = "# #{const.name}\n"
if const < ActiveRecord::Base
name_header = "Column Name"
type_header = "Column Type"
info = [[name_header, type_header]] + const.columns.map { |column|
["`" + column.name.to_s + "`", column.type.to_s]
}
max_name_len = info.map(&:first).sort_by(&:length).last.length
max_type_len = info.map(&:last).sort_by(&:length).last.length
name_header, type_header = *info.shift
value << ("| " + name_header.ljust(max_name_len))
value << (" | " + type_header.ljust(max_type_len) + " |\n")
value << ("| " + ("-" * max_name_len))
value << (" | " + ("-" * max_type_len) + " |\n")
info.each do |name, type|
value << ("| " + name.ljust(max_name_len))
value << (" | " + type.ljust(max_type_len) + " |\n")
end
end
rescue NameError
end
end
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Fetching Active Record Columns
Check that the constant inherits from Active Record
if token && token =~ /^[A-Z]/
begin
const = Object.const_get(token)
value = "# #{const.name}\n"
if const < ActiveRecord::Base
name_header = "Column Name"
type_header = "Column Type"
info = [[name_header, type_header]] + const.columns.map { |column|
["`" + column.name.to_s + "`", column.type.to_s]
}
max_name_len = info.map(&:first).sort_by(&:length).last.length
max_type_len = info.map(&:last).sort_by(&:length).last.length
name_header, type_header = *info.shift
value << ("| " + name_header.ljust(max_name_len))
value << (" | " + type_header.ljust(max_type_len) + " |\n")
value << ("| " + ("-" * max_name_len))
value << (" | " + ("-" * max_type_len) + " |\n")
info.each do |name, type|
value << ("| " + name.ljust(max_name_len))
value << (" | " + type.ljust(max_type_len) + " |\n")
end
end
rescue NameError
end
end
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Fetching Active Record Columns
Check that the constant inherits from Active Record
if token && token =~ /^[A-Z]/
begin
const = Object.const_get(token)
value = "# #{const.name}\n"
if const < ActiveRecord::Base
name_header = "Column Name"
type_header = "Column Type"
info = [[name_header, type_header]] + const.columns.map { |column|
["`" + column.name.to_s + "`", column.type.to_s]
}
max_name_len = info.map(&:first).sort_by(&:length).last.length
max_type_len = info.map(&:last).sort_by(&:length).last.length
name_header, type_header = *info.shift
value << ("| " + name_header.ljust(max_name_len))
value << (" | " + type_header.ljust(max_type_len) + " |\n")
value << ("| " + ("-" * max_name_len))
value << (" | " + ("-" * max_type_len) + " |\n")
info.each do |name, type|
value << ("| " + name.ljust(max_name_len))
value << (" | " + type.ljust(max_type_len) + " |\n")
end
end
rescue NameError
end
end
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URL Helper Information
“rake routes” already knows this info!
value = ''
if token && token =~ /^([a-z_]+)(_path|_url)$/
# check if it's a route helper
if Rails.application.routes.named_routes.key?($1)
route = Rails.application.routes.named_routes.get($1)
controller = route.requirements[:controller]
action = route.requirements[:action]
value = "* URI Pattern: `#{route.path.spec}`\n* Controller#Action: `#{controller}
##{action}`"
else
value = "Something else"
end
else
# Other Stuff
end
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URL Helper Information
“rake routes” already knows this info!
value = ''
if token && token =~ /^([a-z_]+)(_path|_url)$/
# check if it's a route helper
if Rails.application.routes.named_routes.key?($1)
route = Rails.application.routes.named_routes.get($1)
controller = route.requirements[:controller]
action = route.requirements[:action]
value = "* URI Pattern: `#{route.path.spec}`\n* Controller#Action: `#{controller}
##{action}`"
else
value = "Something else"
end
else
# Other Stuff
end
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URL Helper Information
“rake routes” already knows this info!
value = ''
if token && token =~ /^([a-z_]+)(_path|_url)$/
# check if it's a route helper
if Rails.application.routes.named_routes.key?($1)
route = Rails.application.routes.named_routes.get($1)
controller = route.requirements[:controller]
action = route.requirements[:action]
value = "* URI Pattern: `#{route.path.spec}`\n* Controller#Action: `#{controller}
##{action}`"
else
value = "Something else"
end
else
# Other Stuff
end
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Helper Definitions
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No content
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Route Source Location
bin/rails routes -E
[aaron@tc-lan-adapter㷊 ~/g/blogsite (main)]$ bin/rails routes -E
--[ Route 1 ]--------------------------
Prefix | users
Verb | GET
URI | /users(.:format)
Controller#Action | users#index
Source Location | config/routes.rb:6
--[ Route 2 ]--------------------------
Prefix |
Verb | POST
URI | /users(.:format)
Controller#Action | users#create
Source Location | config/routes.rb:6
--[ Route 3 ]--------------------------
Prefix | new_user
Verb | GET
URI | /users/new(.:format)
Controller#Action | users#new
Source Location | config/routes.rb:6
Rails 7.1!
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Route Source Location
Language Server Lookup
if Rails.application.routes.named_routes.key?($1)
route = Rails.application.routes.named_routes.get($1)
file, line = route.source_location.split(':')
file = File.join(@root, file)
char = File.readlines(file)[line.to_i - 1].index(/[^\s]/)
uri = "file://" + file
result = {
:uri => uri,
:range => {
start: { line: line.to_i - 1, character: char },
end: { line: line.to_i, character: 0 }
}
}
writer.write(id: request[:id], result: result)
end
Find the
source line
Figure out
the column
Send info
back to editor
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Error Information
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ERB is converted to Ruby
Exceptions in the generated code must be mapped to the source
Users
h1>\n\n
<%= notice %>
Users
<% @users.each do |user| %>
<%= render user %>
<%= link_to "New user", new_user_path %>
Source ERB
#coding:ASCII-8BIT
_erbout = +''; _erbout.<< "<%= link_to "Show this user", user %>
<% end %>".freeze; _erbout.<<(( notice ).to_s); _erbout.<< "
\n\nUsers
h1>\n\n\n ".freeze
; @users.each do |user| ; _erbout.<< "\n ".freeze
; _erbout.<<(( render user ).to_s); _erbout.<< "\n \n
".freeze
; _erbout.<<(( link_to "Show this user", user ).to_s); _erbout.<<
"\n
\n ".freeze
; end ; _erbout.<< "\n\n\n".freeze
; _erbout.<<(( link_to "New user", new_user_path ).to_s);
_erbout.<< "\n".freeze
; _erbout
Evaluated Ruby
\n ".freeze ; _erbout.<<(( link_to "Show this user", user ).to_s); _erbout.<< "\n
\n ".freeze ; end ; _erbout.<< "\nSlide 151
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No content
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No content
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No content
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No content
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Thank you Mame!
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No content
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Language Server Integration
Simply Monkey Patch Rails! (Sorry Eileen)
class ActionDispatch::DebugView
def send_exception ex
resp = {
uri: "file://" + ex.file_name,
diagnostics: [
"range" => {
"start" => { "character" => 0, "line" => (ex.line_number.to_i - 1) },
"end" => { "character" => 65536, "line" => (ex.line_number.to_i - 1) },
},
"severity" => 1,
"message" => ex.message
]
}
Refreshing::LSP::ERROR_QUEUE << [:error, resp]
end
end
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Language Server Integration Cont.
Pop off the queue and send to the editor
Thread.new do
while item = ERROR_QUEUE.pop
type, val = *item
if type == :clear
subscriber.files.each do |file, version|
val = { uri: file, version: version, diagnostics: [] }
writer.write(method: "textDocument/publishDiagnostics", params: val)
end
else
val[:version] = subscriber.files[val[:uri]]
writer.write(method: "textDocument/publishDiagnostics", params: val)
end
end
end
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This is a Rube Goldberg Machine
Ruby Goldberg?
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My Pitch.
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No content
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Different Servers Have
Different Features
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No content
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Rails Should Include a
Language Server
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Only One
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I might not value my time,
but I highly value yours
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Thank You!
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Increased Creativity!
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Thank You!
㷉