Women & Computing at LA Ruby Meetup

Slide 1

Slide 1 text

women & computing Thursday, April 11, 13

Slide 2

Slide 2 text

Jessica Lynn Suttles @jlsuttles Thursday, April 11, 13

Slide 3

Slide 3 text

I want to tell you a little about myself and how I became a software engineer Thursday, April 11, 13

Slide 4

Slide 4 text

Thursday, April 11, 13

Slide 5

Slide 5 text

I loved Buffy the Vampire Slayer so I made a fan website Thursday, April 11, 13

Slide 6

Slide 6 text

In college I was determined to major in Fine Arts but I took a Computer Science class to fulﬁll my Quantitative Reasoning Requirement™ and I really liked it, so I majored in both. Thursday, April 11, 13

Slide 7

Slide 7 text

I studied a lot of C++ and Scheme, but I didn’t make things outside of class. Then the summer before my senior year I landed a development internship. Thursday, April 11, 13

Slide 8

Slide 8 text

Thursday, April 11, 13

Slide 9

Slide 9 text

Thursday, April 11, 13

Slide 10

Slide 10 text

Thursday, April 11, 13

Slide 11

Slide 11 text

Thursday, April 11, 13

Slide 12

Slide 12 text

Thursday, April 11, 13

Slide 13

Slide 13 text

Thursday, April 11, 13

Slide 14

Slide 14 text

Thursday, April 11, 13

Slide 15

Slide 15 text

Thursday, April 11, 13

Slide 16

Slide 16 text

Thursday, April 11, 13

Slide 17

Slide 17 text

Thursday, April 11, 13

Slide 18

Slide 18 text

Thursday, April 11, 13

Slide 19

Slide 19 text

Thursday, April 11, 13

Slide 20

Slide 20 text

women & computing Thursday, April 11, 13

Slide 21

Slide 21 text

tl;dr women made programming what it is today despite many inequities Thursday, April 11, 13

Slide 22

Slide 22 text

1800s Thursday, April 11, 13

Slide 23

Slide 23 text

1801 Jacquard Loom Thursday, April 11, 13

Slide 24

Slide 24 text

the Jacquard Loom simpliﬁes the process of manufacturing textiles with complex patterns Thursday, April 11, 13

Slide 25

Slide 25 text

it is controlled by a chain of cards, or punched cards laced together into a continuous sequence, but it did no computation Thursday, April 11, 13

Slide 26

Slide 26 text

1801 Jacquard Loom Thursday, April 11, 13

Slide 27

Slide 27 text

1837 Analytical Engine Thursday, April 11, 13

Slide 28

Slide 28 text

the Analytical Engine was designed by Charles Babbage as the ﬁrst general computer Thursday, April 11, 13

Slide 29

Slide 29 text

it was controlled by punch cards, it was Turing Complete, and it included integrated memory Thursday, April 11, 13

Slide 30

Slide 30 text

Ada Lovelace was the daughter of Lord Byron and a genius mathematician Thursday, April 11, 13

Slide 31

Slide 31 text

Ada Lovelace described an algorithm for the Analytical Engine to compute Bernoulli numbers Thursday, April 11, 13

Slide 32

Slide 32 text

Recursive Deﬁnition Explicit Deﬁnition Generating Function Thursday, April 11, 13

Slide 33

Slide 33 text

the Analytical Engine was not completed in Ada’s lifetime, and she never got to run her algorithm Thursday, April 11, 13

Slide 34

Slide 34 text

1920s Thursday, April 11, 13

Slide 35

Slide 35 text

Thursday, April 11, 13

Slide 36

Slide 36 text

ﬁrst-wave feminist fought for voting rights and property rights Thursday, April 11, 13

Slide 37

Slide 37 text

1930s Thursday, April 11, 13

Slide 38

Slide 38 text

Thursday, April 11, 13

Slide 39

Slide 39 text

the World War II draft depleted the male labor force Thursday, April 11, 13

Slide 40

Slide 40 text

1942 Women Accepted for Volunteer Emergency Service Thursday, April 11, 13

Slide 41

Slide 41 text

Women Accepted for Volunteer Emergency Service means women were only accepted because of the labor force shortage Thursday, April 11, 13

Slide 42

Slide 42 text

Thursday, April 11, 13

Slide 43

Slide 43 text

computer historically means “one who computes” Thursday, April 11, 13

Slide 44

Slide 44 text

during World War II many computers were women and these women went on to program computers Thursday, April 11, 13

Slide 45

Slide 45 text

the world's ﬁrst professional computer programmers were the women programmers of the ENIAC Thursday, April 11, 13

Slide 46

Slide 46 text

` Thursday, April 11, 13

Slide 47

Slide 47 text

Admiral Grace Murray Hopper Thursday, April 11, 13

Slide 48

Slide 48 text

Grace Hopper had graduate degrees in math and physics and was a professor at Vassar Thursday, April 11, 13

Slide 49

Slide 49 text

she took a leave of absence to participate in the war effort Thursday, April 11, 13

Slide 50

Slide 50 text

she joined the Navy Reserves and started out as a Lieutenant after graduating ﬁrst in her class Thursday, April 11, 13

Slide 51

Slide 51 text

after the war Hopper permanently resigned from teaching at Vassar Thursday, April 11, 13

Slide 52

Slide 52 text

she was denied entry to the Navy Thursday, April 11, 13

Slide 53

Slide 53 text

She served on the Mark I computer programming staff and focused on improving efﬁciency relentlessly Thursday, April 11, 13

Slide 54

Slide 54 text

Grace Hopper wrote the ﬁrst compiler Thursday, April 11, 13

Slide 55

Slide 55 text

Grace Hopper wrote the ﬁrst compiler Thursday, April 11, 13

Slide 56

Slide 56 text

"I had a running compiler and nobody would touch it. They told me computers could only do arithmetic." Thursday, April 11, 13

Slide 57

Slide 57 text

Grace Hopper did a lot more for programming than coin the term bug Thursday, April 11, 13

Slide 58

Slide 58 text

Grace Hopper is the Mother of COBOL Thursday, April 11, 13

Slide 59

Slide 59 text

COBOL is one of the ﬁrst high-level languages Thursday, April 11, 13

Slide 60

Slide 60 text

COBOL is one of the ﬁrst high-level languages Thursday, April 11, 13

Slide 61

Slide 61 text

before high-level languages everyone wrote in assembly language Thursday, April 11, 13

Slide 62

Slide 62 text

org xor ax, ax mov ds, ax mov si, msg boot_loop:lodsb or al, al jz go_flag mov ah, 0x0E int 0x10 jmp boot_loop go_flag: jmp go_flag msg db 'Hello, world', 13, 10, 0 times 510-($-$$) db 0 db 0x55 db 0xAA Thursday, April 11, 13

Slide 63

Slide 63 text

MAIN-LOGIC SECTION. DISPLAY "Hello, world" STOP RUN. Thursday, April 11, 13

Slide 64

Slide 64 text

puts “Hello, World” Thursday, April 11, 13

Slide 65

Slide 65 text

1950s Thursday, April 11, 13

Slide 66

Slide 66 text

Thursday, April 11, 13

Slide 67

Slide 67 text

Thursday, April 11, 13

Slide 68

Slide 68 text

1960s Thursday, April 11, 13

Slide 69

Slide 69 text

Thursday, April 11, 13

Slide 70

Slide 70 text

The space race, like World War II, lead to a man power shortage Thursday, April 11, 13

Slide 71

Slide 71 text

Thursday, April 11, 13

Slide 72

Slide 72 text

Thursday, April 11, 13

Slide 73

Slide 73 text

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5d/Lefﬂer_-_WomensLib1970_WashingtonDC.jpg Thursday, April 11, 13

Slide 74

Slide 74 text

1970s Thursday, April 11, 13

Slide 75

Slide 75 text

50th anniversary of the passage of the 19th amendment, the culmination of the ﬁrst-wave feminist movement Thursday, April 11, 13

Slide 76

Slide 76 text

second-wave feminist fought for reproductive rights and equality in the workplace Thursday, April 11, 13

Slide 77

Slide 77 text

1973 Supreme Court ruled on Roe v. Wade and constitutionalized right to abortion Thursday, April 11, 13

Slide 78

Slide 78 text

1972 Equal Rights Amendment passed in both houses of congress Thursday, April 11, 13

Slide 79

Slide 79 text

the feminist movement increased women’s interest in having a professional career Thursday, April 11, 13

Slide 80

Slide 80 text

the feminist movement increased interest in having careers in traditionally male-dominated ﬁelds Thursday, April 11, 13

Slide 81

Slide 81 text

large numbers of women were entering Science Technology Engineering Mathematics ﬁelds Thursday, April 11, 13

Slide 82

Slide 82 text

Thursday, April 11, 13

Slide 83

Slide 83 text

Adele Goldberg Thursday, April 11, 13

Slide 84

Slide 84 text

Adele Goldberg was a researcher at Xerox PARC where she participated in the design & development Smalltalk-80 Thursday, April 11, 13

Slide 85

Slide 85 text

Smalltalk is an object- oriented, dynamically typed, reﬂective language Thursday, April 11, 13

Slide 86

Slide 86 text

Ruby has a lot of Smalltalk-like features Thursday, April 11, 13

Slide 87

Slide 87 text

Ruby is a language designed in the following steps: * take a simple lisp language (like one prior to CL). * remove macros, s-expression. * add simple object system (much simpler than CLOS). * add blocks, inspired by higher order functions. * add methods found in Smalltalk. * add functionality found in Perl (in OO way). So, Ruby was a Lisp originally, in theory. Let's call it MatzLisp from now on. ;-) matz. Thursday, April 11, 13

Slide 88

Slide 88 text

Goldberg’s team developed concepts that became the basis for GUIs Thursday, April 11, 13

Slide 89

Slide 89 text

GUIs replaced earlier command line based systems Thursday, April 11, 13

Slide 90

Slide 90 text

Thursday, April 11, 13

Slide 91

Slide 91 text

Apple eventually used many of these ideas as the basis for their Macintosh desktop Thursday, April 11, 13

Slide 92

Slide 92 text

Thursday, April 11, 13

Slide 93

Slide 93 text

personal computers were still really expensive Thursday, April 11, 13

Slide 94

Slide 94 text

the golden age of the video arcade game Thursday, April 11, 13

Slide 95

Slide 95 text

Thursday, April 11, 13

Slide 96

Slide 96 text

Thursday, April 11, 13

Slide 97

Slide 97 text

Thursday, April 11, 13

Slide 98

Slide 98 text

1980s Thursday, April 11, 13

Slide 99

Slide 99 text

a lot of ground gained by the second-wave feminist movement in the 60s and 70s was lost Thursday, April 11, 13

Slide 100

Slide 100 text

1972 Equal Rights Amendment failed to receive the requisite number of ratiﬁcations Thursday, April 11, 13

Slide 101

Slide 101 text

in an effort to disassociate marital status from name and title women started using Ms instead of Miss or Mrs and women started to keep their maiden names Thursday, April 11, 13

Slide 102

Slide 102 text

personal computers experienced explosive growth and the Commodore 64 became the best selling computer Thursday, April 11, 13

Slide 103

Slide 103 text

Thursday, April 11, 13

Slide 104

Slide 104 text

Elizabeth Feinler Thursday, April 11, 13

Slide 105

Slide 105 text

From 1972 until 1989 Elizabeth Feinler was directory of the Network Information Systems Center at the Stanford Research Institute Thursday, April 11, 13

Slide 106

Slide 106 text

Her group operated the Network Information Center for the ARPANET as it evolved into the Defense Data Network and the Internet Thursday, April 11, 13

Slide 107

Slide 107 text

In 1982, an Internet protocol was deﬁned by her group to access the online directory of people, called Whois Thursday, April 11, 13

Slide 108

Slide 108 text

her group became the overall naming authority of the Internet, developing and managing the name registries of the top-level domains: .mil, .gov, .edu, .org, .com Thursday, April 11, 13

Slide 109

Slide 109 text

Adele Goldberg Thursday, April 11, 13

Slide 110

Slide 110 text

1984-1986 Adele Goldberg served as president of the Association for Computing Machinery, the world's largest educational and scientiﬁc computing society Thursday, April 11, 13

Slide 111

Slide 111 text

Thursday, April 11, 13

Slide 112

Slide 112 text

in the beginning computer science programs arouse out of diverse departments but as computer science matured it found a home in engineering departments (see bottom line of graph) Thursday, April 11, 13

Slide 113

Slide 113 text

video games become more engrained in every day life Thursday, April 11, 13

Slide 114

Slide 114 text

video games also become gendered Thursday, April 11, 13

Slide 115

Slide 115 text

Thursday, April 11, 13

Slide 116

Slide 116 text

there is a reoccurring trend of male protagonist rescuing damsels in distress Thursday, April 11, 13

Slide 117

Slide 117 text

Thursday, April 11, 13

Slide 118

Slide 118 text

Thursday, April 11, 13

Slide 119

Slide 119 text

video games are often children’s ﬁrst and most frequent interaction with computers and a lot of ﬁrst computer programs are games, or attempts at games Thursday, April 11, 13

Slide 120

Slide 120 text

Thursday, April 11, 13

Slide 121

Slide 121 text

an image of the stereotypical nerd appears in popular culture Thursday, April 11, 13

Slide 122

Slide 122 text

1990s Thursday, April 11, 13

Slide 123

Slide 123 text

a third-wave of feminism rises ProTip™: feminism waves are not about popularity, they are driven by philosophically different ideas Thursday, April 11, 13

Slide 124

Slide 124 text

Thursday, April 11, 13

Slide 125

Slide 125 text

1992 was the Year of the Woman because a record number of women are elected to high ofﬁce in the US Thursday, April 11, 13

Slide 126

Slide 126 text

Hillary Rodham Clinton Madeline Albright Janet Reno Ruth Bader Ginsburg Thursday, April 11, 13

Slide 127

Slide 127 text

Thursday, April 11, 13

Slide 128

Slide 128 text

second-wave feminism correlated with an increase in the number of women in computing, but this doesn’t happen with third-wave feminism Thursday, April 11, 13

Slide 129

Slide 129 text

Thursday, April 11, 13

Slide 130

Slide 130 text

Jane Margolis is a social scientist studying gender and education Allan Fisher is the founding dean of the undergraduate program in computer science Thursday, April 11, 13

Slide 131

Slide 131 text

they began a study at Carnegie Mellon University to understand the gender imbalance and interviewed 100 computer science students of both genders over a period of 5 years Thursday, April 11, 13

Slide 132

Slide 132 text

they made some changes to admission standards Thursday, April 11, 13

Slide 133

Slide 133 text

kept high GRE scores Thursday, April 11, 13

Slide 134

Slide 134 text

added emphasis on leadership qualities Thursday, April 11, 13

Slide 135

Slide 135 text

dropped requirement for prior programming experience Thursday, April 11, 13

Slide 136

Slide 136 text

added some catch-up courses to level out background differences Thursday, April 11, 13

Slide 137

Slide 137 text

Thursday, April 11, 13

Slide 138

Slide 138 text

Thursday, April 11, 13

Slide 139

Slide 139 text

2000s Thursday, April 11, 13

Slide 140

Slide 140 text

Thursday, April 11, 13

Slide 141

Slide 141 text

Fran Allen Thursday, April 11, 13

Slide 142

Slide 142 text

Fran Allen, already the ﬁrst woman IBM Fellow, was the ﬁrst woman in 40 years to win Turing Award from ACM, which is considered the Nobel Prize of computing, for her work in high performance computing Thursday, April 11, 13

Slide 143

Slide 143 text

Barbara Liskov Single responsibility Open/closed Liskov substitution Interface segregation Dependency inversion Thursday, April 11, 13

Slide 144

Slide 144 text

Barbara Liskov was awarded the Turning Award from the ACM for her work in the design of programming languages Thursday, April 11, 13

Slide 145

Slide 145 text

the nows Thursday, April 11, 13

Slide 146

Slide 146 text

as technology becomes more ingrained & common place in our daily lives software engineers are playing a larger role in shaping our future Thursday, April 11, 13

Slide 147

Slide 147 text

Thursday, April 11, 13

Slide 148

Slide 148 text

Thursday, April 11, 13

Slide 149

Slide 149 text

Thursday, April 11, 13

Slide 150

Slide 150 text

http://railsgirls.com/ “Our aim is to give tools and a community for women to understand technology and to build their ideas. We do this by providing a great experience on building things and by making technology more approachable.” Thursday, April 11, 13

Slide 151

Slide 151 text

Thursday, April 11, 13

Slide 152

Slide 152 text

Thursday, April 11, 13

Slide 153

Slide 153 text

http://workshops.railsbridge.org/ “RailsBridge is an organization that works to increase diversity in tech by putting on a variety of awesome free events. Our most well-known efforts are free weekend workshops where women learn Ruby on Rails from volunteers.” Thursday, April 11, 13