Open Innovation in Action - Lessons learned about social collaboration from 30 years of open source

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Open Innovation in Action Lessons learned about social collaboration from 30 years of open source Stefane Fermigier, Abilian, March 2012 Monday, March 25, 2013

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Who am I? Monday, March 25, 2013

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Monday, March 25, 2013

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I’m an open source developer Monday, March 25, 2013

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I’m an open source developer (And an entrepreneur, too...) Monday, March 25, 2013

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Today’s thesis Many of the aspects of what we call social technologies and social business were pioneered at one point by the open source development communities. It’s also true for Open Innovation. Monday, March 25, 2013

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A short history of Free & Open Source Software Monday, March 25, 2013

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FOSS 0.1 1983-1990 Monday, March 25, 2013

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Photo credit: http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/User:Vicapowell39 Monday, March 25, 2013

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Photo credit: http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/User:Vicapowell39 Richard Stallman, Founder of the Free Software Movement Monday, March 25, 2013

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• The free software movement was started in 1983 by Richard Stallman • Most of the open source software produced at the time was developed by very small teams (2-3 persons), using local development tools • Software were distributed using tapes, then FTP • Marketing was mostly through word-of- mouth Monday, March 25, 2013

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Early successes • The GNU “operating system” (minus the kernel) was already displacing proprietary tools in the early 90s • The moral and legal frameworks upon which the free software (and later, the open source) movement is built • Didn’t mandate / prescribe any production model for free software, though Monday, March 25, 2013

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Challenges • Economic and moral questioning: • Is it ok to make money with free software? • How to make the system sustainable? • How to scale development efforts to larger teams? Monday, March 25, 2013

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FOSS 0.9 1991-1998 Monday, March 25, 2013

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• Larger scale projects start to appear, attracting tens, then hundreds of developers (and later, thousands) • Tools and practices are developed, most often on top of existing internet protocols to address the needs of distributed development at this scale : • Centralized source code management • Mailing lists or usenet forums Monday, March 25, 2013

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Successes • Linux (1991) • The Debian (1993) and Red Hat (1994) distributions • The Apache Web Server (1995) Monday, March 25, 2013

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FOSS 1.0 1998-2007 Monday, March 25, 2013

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• Open source becomes the preferred term for most free software based businesses • The Web becomes pervasive • Several organizations created to foster governance of open source projects (Apache Foundation, Eclipse Foundation, OW2...) • Several successful IPOs on top of the Web 1.0 bubble (Red Hat, VA Linux), Netscape open sources the Mozilla browser... Monday, March 25, 2013

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• Real-time shared vision • Real-time status updates • Real-time help requests • Self-service archives Source: Bertrand Delacretaz, 2009 The 4 engines of collaboration Monday, March 25, 2013

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“Every successful open source project I know uses PRIM. Every closed source project I know, doesn't. People wonder how open source projects manage to create high-quality products without managers or accountability. The answer: we're accountable to our infrastructure. PRIM is the open source secret sauce.” Ted Husted http://jroller.com/TedHusted/entry/prim Monday, March 25, 2013

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P = Portal (often, a Wiki) Monday, March 25, 2013

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R = Repository Monday, March 25, 2013

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I = Issue (or Bug)Tracker Monday, March 25, 2013

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M = Mailing List (+ foruM) Monday, March 25, 2013

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Software Forges, a more integrated approach • Sourceforge, launched in 1999 by VA Linux, integrates all these tools in a consistent Web (1.0) portal • Makes it super easy for anyone (3.4 million users currently) to start a new open source project (324 000 as of today) • Several similar products launched afterwards (Collabnet, Trac, Redmine) Monday, March 25, 2013

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Works for non open source software too... Monday, March 25, 2013

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FOSS 2.0 2008-now Monday, March 25, 2013

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Web 2.0 • Wikipedia (2001) • Tim O’Reilly’s Architecture of Participation (2004) and Web 2.0 (also 2004) • Consumer Web 2.0, then Enterprise 2.0 replace older applications Monday, March 25, 2013

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• Git, and a bunch of other Distributed Source Control Management Systems (DSCM), appear circa 2005 to address the need of very large distributed development teams (1000s of developers for Linux) • They allow for completely decentralized development, and make it much easier for developers to try out new ideas on their own, then “merge” the changes with the main development lines Monday, March 25, 2013

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Linus Torvalds, Git creator (2005) Monday, March 25, 2013

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Linus Torvalds, Git creator (2005) BTW, he invented Linux too... Monday, March 25, 2013

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• A new breed of SaaS offerings for developpers, such as GitHub (2008) or StackOverﬂow (2008), appear, leveraging many of the characteristic features of W2.0 or E2.0 applications: • Activity streams • Social networking • Tagging / folksonomies • Votes, reputation Monday, March 25, 2013

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GitHub, like SourceForge, but more social Monday, March 25, 2013

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StackOverﬂow, a knowledge base based on a reputation system Monday, March 25, 2013

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Additional tools with a social impact • Continuous integration (with a strong testing culture) allows distributed development to happen with conﬁdence that developers don’t “break the build” • Code review applications Monday, March 25, 2013

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Continuous integration Monday, March 25, 2013

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Code review on GitHub Monday, March 25, 2013

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Open Source as a model for Open Innovation Monday, March 25, 2013

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Monday, March 25, 2013

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Governance models for OSS projects • Vendor-led • May include, to balance power with the users: a users club, a more or less independent and powerful board... • Community led • Either formal or informal • If formal, either though a generic community (FSF, ASF, Eclipse, OW2...) or ad-hoc Monday, March 25, 2013

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How to create a thriving open source community? (May apply to your social business initiative too...) Monday, March 25, 2013

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• Put people ﬁrst (“community over code”) • Welcome newcomers, give credits • Learn how to deal with poisonous people • Create an architecture of participation • Have a modular architecture for your product • Be clear about your vision (roadmap) and give regular status reports • Make it easy to contribute Read http://www.artofcommunityonline.org/ for details Monday, March 25, 2013

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Open by default? Monday, March 25, 2013

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(...) (...) Source: http://circulaire.legifrance.gouv.fr/pdf/2012/09/cir_35837.pdf Monday, March 25, 2013

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Source: https://www.gov.uk/service-manual/making-software/open-source.html Monday, March 25, 2013

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Contact: sf@fermigier.com Web: www.fermigier.com www.abilian.com Monday, March 25, 2013