The Small World Of PHP Engines

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What's a PHP Engine? Anything that can run PHP code

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Why Creating a PHP Engine?

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1. To Increase Performances

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2. To Attract some parts of the biggest web dev ecosystem

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Let's go on a trip!

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The Civilized Territories

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The Zend Engine by official PHP Engine appeared first in PHP 4 Zend Engine III for PHP 7

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Zend Engine: How it works Execution Time PHP Code ⬇ compiled to Op Code ▶ executed by Zend VM ▶ executed by Processor

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HHVM Hip Hop Virtual Machine by Perfomances = $$$$$$$

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HHVM: How it works Execution Time PHP Code ⬇ compiled to Op Code ▶ compiled by JIT to Machine Code ▶ executed by Processor

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The Binary Compilers Back to the roots!

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Roadsend PHP Direct compiler from PHP to native binaries Started in 2007, abandonned in 2012 www.roadsend.com

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Roadsend PHP How it works Compilation Time PHP Code ⬇ compiled to Machine Code in Native Binaries Execution Time Machine Code from Native Binaries ▶ executed by Processor

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Hip Hop PHP by Performances! Transpile PHP to C++ Superseded by HHVM (Hip Hop VM), as not dynamic enough (no eval)

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Hip Hop PHP How it works Compilation Time PHP Code ⬇ transpiled to C++ Code ⬇ compiled to Machine Code in Native Binaries Execution Time Machine Code from Native Binaries ▶ executed by Processor

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The Perl Lost World

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Perl, What's that? Used to be the most popular language for the Web (made CGI popular!) around 2000s System and development oriented Still used a lot as "ops" language apt-get, dpkg rpm

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Introducing Perl 6

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Building Perl 6 VM

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"Parrot is a virtual machine aimed at running all dynamic languages." Implementations started for 38 languages, included: Java, Lua, Brainfuck, C, Python, Ruby, Perl 6, .... , PHP Proudly still in development since 2000 www.parrot.org

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Pipp: Pipp is Parrot's PHP Part of the all dynamic languages effort Last commit: 8 years ago github.com/bschmalhofer/pipp

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How Pipp works Execution Time PHP Code ⬇ compiled to Parrot Code ▶ executed by Parrot VM ▶ executed by Processor

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The Java Land

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Quercus "So using PHP with Grails is a quick and painless endeavor." Java class usage and Unicode compliance provide Zend standard exts (cURL, PDO, ...) One of the rare alt PHP Engine able to run full applications (Drupal, Wikimedia) Unfortunately, not actively maintained quercus.caucho.com $string = new java.lang.StringBuffer("Unicode string ✈");

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Quercus: How it works Execution Time PHP Code ⬇ transpiled to Java Code ▶ compiled by javac to Byte Code ▶ executed by JVM ▶ executed by Processor

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JPHP Benefits properly from the JVM JIT Debug via the xdebug protocol 1.1x faster than PHP 7 Wants to allow PHP on Android Don't provide Zend standard exts Active but not a lot of contributors

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JPHP samples: Multithreading $thread = new Thread(function () { $i = 0; while (true) { $i++; echo $i, "\n"; sleep(2); // every 2 seconds } }); $thread->start(); // start thread

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JPHP samples: UI $form = new UIForm(); $form->size = [600, 300]; $form->title = 'My Program'; $button = new UIButton(); $button->text = 'Click Me'; $button->on('click', function(MouseEvent $e) { UIDialog::message('Hello World'); }); $form->add($button); $form->show();

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JPHP How it works Compilation Time PHP Code ⬇ compiled to Byte Code Execution Time Byte Code ⬇ compiled by JIT to Machine Code ▶ executed by Processor

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The Snake Country

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HippyVM started at uses (JIT inside) Not actively maintained anymore

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HippyVM Performances

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HippyVM: How it works Execution Time PHP Code ⬇ transpiled by HippyVM to RPython ▶ compiled by PyPy JIT into Machine Code ▶ executed by Processor

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MS World

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Phalanger "improves the performance, allows to use modern environments ... compiles legacy PHP code" Not maintained anymore phalanger.codeplex.com

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Phalanger: how it works Compilation Time PHP Code ⬇ compiled to Common Intermediary Language Execution Time Common Intermediary Language Code ⬇ compiled by .Net JIT to Machine Code ▶ executed by Processor

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PeachPie Superseds Phalanger Benefits from the Roslyn compiler platform Target PHP 7.1 syntax First item in the FAQ:"PHP sucks, why port this horrendous language to .NET?" www.peachpie.io

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PeachPie Benchmarks

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PeachPie: how it works Compilation Time PHP Code ⬇ compiled to Common Intermediary Language Execution Time Common Intermediary Language Code ⬇ compiled by .Net JIT to Machine Code ▶ executed by Processor

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The Land of the Little Ones

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PH7 - The Embedded PHP Engine Build for real embedded hardware Embedded VM similar to Zend VM Dedicated to IoT and home routers ph7.symisc.net

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PH7 - Distinctive Features Full type hinting Native UTF-8 support. Function arguments can take any complex expressions as their default values. "Correct and consistent implementation of the ternary operator." echo (true?'true':false?'t':'f');

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PH7 code sample #define PHP_PROG "" #include #include #include "ph7.h" int main(void) { ph7 *pEngine; ph7_vm *pVm; ph7_init(&pEngine); ph7_compile_v2(pEngine, PHP_PROG, -1 &pVm, 0); ph7_vm_exec(pVm,0); }

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PH7 - How it works Compilation Time C code with PHP code inside ⬇ compiled to Machine Code with PHP code inside Execution Time Machine code with PHP Code inside ⬇ PHP code compiled to Op Code ▶ executed by Embedded VM ▶ executed by Processor

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The Rusted Land

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Tagua VM Written in Rust Security Focused: Safety First! Benefits from the LLVM platform github.com/tagua-vm/tagua-vm

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Tagua VM - How it works Execution Time PHP Code ⬇ compiled to Op Code ▶ executed by Tagua VM ▶ executed by Processor

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The Future? JIT on Zend Engine Implemented as part of opcache Uses LLVM as backend github.com/zendtech/php-src/tree/zend- jit/ext/opcache/jit

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Conclusion That's a big world out there! The Leaders Zend Engine HHVM The Challengers Peache Pie Tagua VM

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Thank you! Questions?