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Swi$ Zoomin' #8 Actor ϋϯζΦϯ

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Actor ͱ͸

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ɾɾɾͷલʹ

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Actor ͸ async/await Λଟ༻͢Δ

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async/await ͷ؆୯ͳ෮श

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ίʔϧόοΫʹΑΔඇಉظؔ਺ // એݴ func downloadData(from url: URL, completion: @escaping (Data) -> Void) // ར༻ downloadData(from: url) { data in // data Λ࢖͏ॲཧ }

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async/await ʹΑΔඇಉظؔ਺ // એݴ func downloadData(from url: URL) async -> Data // ར༻ let data = await downloadData(from: url) // data Λ࢖͏ॲཧ

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ίʔϧόοΫʹΑΔඇಉظؔ਺ // એݴ func downloadData(from url: URL, completion: @escaping (Result) -> Void) // ར༻ downloadData(from: url) { result in do { let data = try result.get() // data Λ࢖͏ॲཧ } catch { /* ΤϥʔϋϯυϦϯά */ } }

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async/await ʹΑΔඇಉظؔ਺ // એݴ func downloadData(from url: URL) async throws -> Data // ར༻ do { let data = try await downloadData(from: url) // data Λ࢖͏ॲཧ } catch { /* ΤϥʔϋϯυϦϯά */ }

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࿅श໰୊༻ϦϙδτϦ h"ps:/ /github.com/koher/swi4-zoomin-8

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Q1: downloadData ίʔϧόοΫͰ݁ՌΛฦ͢ downloadData ؔ਺͕ Download.swi, ʹ࣮૷͞Ε͍ͯ·͢ɻ async/await Λར༻͠ ͯɺ໭Γ஋Ͱ݁ՌΛฦ͢ downloadData ؔ਺Λ࣮૷ͯ͠Լ͞ ͍ɻ ! iOS 15 ͔Β URLSession ʹ௥Ճ͞Εͨ࣍ͷϝιου͕໾ʹཱ ͪ·͢ɻ1 func data(from url: URL) async throws -> (Data, URLResponse) 1 h$ps:/ /developer.apple.com/documenta6on/founda6on/urlsession/3767353-data

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Q1: ղ౴ྫ

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async ؔ਺͸ async ؔ਺ͷதͰ͔͠ݺͼग़ͤͳ͍ func foo() async func bar() async { await foo() // ✅ OK }

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async ؔ਺͸ async ؔ਺ͷதͰ͔͠ݺͼग़ͤͳ͍ func foo() async func bar() { await foo() // ⛔ NG }

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async ؔ਺͸ async ؔ਺ͷதͰ͔͠ݺͼग़ͤͳ͍ func foo() async func bar() async { await foo() // ✅ OK } func baz() async { await bar() // ✅ OK } ...

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async ؔ਺Λ࠷ॳʹݺͼग़͢ͱ͖͸ʁ

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ಉظؔ਺͔Βͷ async ؔ਺ͷݺͼग़͠ override func viewDidAppear(_ animated: Bool) { super.viewDidAppear(animated) await foo() // ⛔ NG }

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ಉظؔ਺͔Βͷ async ؔ਺ͷݺͼग़͠ override func viewDidAppear(_ animated: Bool) { super.viewDidAppear(animated) Task { await foo() // ✅ OK } }

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ಉظؔ਺͔Βͷ async ؔ਺ͷݺͼग़͠ override func viewDidAppear(_ animated: Bool) { super.viewDidAppear(animated) Task(operation: { await foo() // ✅ OK }) }

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Task.init 2 @discardableResult init( priority: TaskPriority? = nil, operation: @escaping @Sendable () async throws -> Success ) 2 h$ps:/ /developer.apple.com/documenta6on/swi9/task/3856790-init

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Q2: UserViewController.viewDidAppear UserViewController ͸ User ͷ৘ใΛऔಘͯ͠දࣔ͢Δ View Controller Ͱ͢ɻ viewDidAppear ͷதͰ downloadData ؔ਺Λ ࢖͍ɺ User ͱΞΠίϯΛऔಘͯ͠දࣔ͠·͢ɻ ͜ΕΛɺ async/await Ͱ࣮૷͞Εͨ downloadData ؔ਺Λར ༻ͯ͠࠶࣮૷ͯ͠Լ͍͞ɻ

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Q2: ղ౴ྫ

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Actor ͱ͸

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Actor ͸ΫϥεʹࣅͨࢀরܕͰɺσʔλڝ߹ Λ๷͙ͨΊͷϘΠϥʔϓϨʔτ͕ෆཁʹͳ Δɻ ͦͷͨΊɺίʔυ͕؆͔ܿͭ҆શʹͳΔɻ

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σʔλڝ߹ͱ͸

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Χ΢ϯλʔͷσʔλڝ߹ final class Counter { private var count: Int = 0 func increment() -> Int { count += 1 return count } }

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Χ΢ϯλʔͷσʔλڝ߹ let counter: Counter = .init() Task { print(counter.increment()) // ? } Task { print(counter.increment()) // ? }

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Χ΢ϯλʔͷσʔλڝ߹ let counter: Counter = .init() Task { print(counter.increment()) // 1 } Task { print(counter.increment()) // 2 }

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Χ΢ϯλʔͷσʔλڝ߹ let counter: Counter = .init() Task { print(counter.increment()) // 2 } Task { print(counter.increment()) // 1 }

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Χ΢ϯλʔͷσʔλڝ߹ let counter: Counter = .init() Task { print(counter.increment()) // 2 } Task { print(counter.increment()) // 2 }

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Χ΢ϯλʔͷσʔλڝ߹ final class Counter { private var count: Int = 0 func increment() -> Int { count += 1 Thread.sleep(forTimeInterval: 1.0) return count } }

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Χ΢ϯλʔͷσʔλڝ߹ let counter: Counter = .init() Task { print(counter.increment()) // 1 } Task { print(counter.increment()) // 1 }

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final class Counter { private var count: Int = 0 func increment() -> Int { let count = self.count Thread.sleep(forTimeInterval: 1.0) self.count = count + 1 return self.count } }

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σʔλڝ߹΁ͷରԠํ๏ • ϩοΫ • ʢ DispatchQueue ͷʣγϦΞϧΩϡʔ

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γϦΞϧΩϡʔʹΑΔσʔλڝ߹ͷղফ final class Counter { private let queue: DispatchQueue = .init(label: "Counter") private var count: Int = 0 func increment(completion: @escaping (Int) -> Void) { queue.async { [self] in count += 1 completion(count) } } }

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γϦΞϧΩϡʔʹΑΔσʔλڝ߹ͷղফ let counter: Counter = .init() Task { counter.increment { print($0) } // 1 } Task { counter.increment { print($0) } // 2 }

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γϦΞϧΩϡʔʹΑΔσʔλڝ߹ͷղফ final class Counter { private let queue: DispatchQueue = .init(label: "Counter") private var count: Int = 0 func increment(completion: @escaping (Int) -> Void) { queue.async { [self] in count += 1 completion(count) } } }

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σʔλڝ߹΁ͷରԠํ๏ • ϩοΫ • ʢ DispatchQueue ͷʣγϦΞϧΩϡʔ • Actor

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Actor ʹΑΔσʔλڝ߹ͷղফ final class Counter { private var count: Int = 0 func increment() -> Int { count += 1 return count } }

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Actor ʹΑΔσʔλڝ߹ͷղফ actor Counter { private var count: Int = 0 func increment() -> Int { count += 1 return count } }

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Actor ʹΑΔσʔλڝ߹ͷղফ let counter: Counter = .init() Task { print(await counter.increment()) } Task { print(await counter.increment()) }

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Q3: BankAccount.deposit ࣍ͷΑ͏ͳ BankAccount ΫϥεΛ࣮૷͠ɺฒߦʹ༬ۚ͢Δ͜ͱ Ͱσʔλڝ߹͕ൃੜ͢Δ͜ͱΛ֬ೝͯ͠Լ͍͞ɻͦͷޙɺ BankAccount Λ actor ʹมߋ͠ɺσʔλڝ߹͕๷ࢭ͞ΕΔ͜ͱ Λ֬ೝͯ͠Լ͍͞ɻ final class BankAccount { // ۜߦޱ࠲ var balance: Int = 0 // ༬ۚ࢒ߴ func deposit(_ amount: Int) -> Int // ೖۚʢ໭Γ஋͸࢒ߴʣ }

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Q3: ղ౴ྫ

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Actor ͷಉҰΠϯελϯε಺Ͱͷϝιουݺͼग़͠ actor A { func foo() { ... } func bar() { foo() // ಉظ } } await foo() // ඇಉظ

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Q4: BankAccount.getInterest BankAccount ʹ getInterest ϝιουΛ࣮૷ͯ͠Լ͍͞ɻ getInterest ϝιου͸࣍ͷΑ͏ͳγάωνϟΛ࣋ͪɺҾ਺Ͱ ར཰Λड͚औΓɺͦΕΛݩʹརଉΛܭࢉͯ͠༬ۚ࢒ߴΛมಈͤ͞ ্ͨͰɺ৽͍͠༬ۚ࢒ߴΛฦ͢΋ͷͱ͠·͢ɻͨͩ͠ɺ༬ۚ࢒ߴ ͷมಈʹ͸ deposit ϝιουΛར༻͢Δ΋ͷͱ͠·͢ɻ func getInterest(with rate: Double) -> Int

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Q4: ղ౴ྫ

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Actor ͷΠϯελϯεؒͰͷϝιουݺͼग़͠ actor A { func foo() { ... } } actor B { func bar(a: A) async { await a.foo() // ඇಉظ } }

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Actor ͷΠϯελϯεؒͰͷϝιουݺͼग़͠ actor A { func foo() { ... } func bar(a: A) async { foo() // ಉظ await a.foo() // ඇಉظ } }

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Actor ͷΠϯελϯεؒͰͷϝιουݺͼग़͠ actor A { func foo() { ... } func bar(a: A) async { self.foo() // ಉظ await a.foo() // ඇಉظ } }

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Actor ͷΠϯελϯεؒͰͷϝιουݺͼग़͠ actor A { func foo() { ... } func bar(a: A) async { foo() // ಉظ await a.foo() // ඇಉظ } }

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Q5: BankAccount.transfer BankAccount ʹ࣍ͷೋͭͷϝιουΛ௥Ճͯ͠Լ͍͞ɻ • ޱ࠲͔Βग़ۚ͢ΔͨΊͷ withdraw ϝιου • ޱ࠲ؒͰૹۚ͢ΔͨΊͷ transfer ϝιου // ࢒ߴ͕଍Γͳ͍৔߹͸ΤϥʔΛ throw func withdraw(_ amount: Int) throws -> Int // ໭Γ஋͸࢒ߴ func transfer(_ amount: Int, to account: BankAccount) async throws

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Q5: ղ౴ྫ

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Sendable

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Sendable 3 actor ڥքΛ௒͑ͯ΍ΓͱΓͰ͖Δ͜ͱΛද͢ϓϩτίϧ 3 h$ps:/ /github.com/apple/swi6-evolu9on/blob/main/proposals/0302-concurrent-value-and-concurrent- closures.md

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final class User { let id: ID var name: String var age: Int ... }

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actor A { let user: User = ... } let a: A = ... Task { let user = await a.user user.age += 1 // ⛔ } Actor ͷΩϡʔͷ֎Ͱ Actor ͷ಺෦ঢ়ଶΛมߋͰ͖ͯ͠·͏

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final class User: Sendable { let id: ID var name: String var age: Int ... } ⛔ ࢀরܕͰ var ϓϩύςΟΛ࣋ͭͷͰίϯύΠϧΤϥʔ

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struct User { let id: ID var name: String var age: Int ... } public Ͱͳ͍஋ܕ͸҉໧తʹద߹4 4 h$ps:/ /github.com/apple/swi6-evolu9on/blob/main/proposals/0302-concurrent-value-and-concurrent- closures.md#implicit-structenum-conformance-to-sendable

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public struct User: Sendable { public let id: ID public var name: String public var age: Int ... } public ͩͱ໌ࣔతʹద߹ͤ͞Δඞཁ͋Γ

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struct User: Sendable { let id: ID var name: NSString var age: Int ... } ⛔ Sendable Ͱͳ͍ϝϯόʔΛ࣋ͭͷͰίϯύΠϧΤϥʔ

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final class User: Sendable { let id: ID let name: String let age: Int ... } ✅ ࢀরܕͰ΋ΠϛϡʔλϒϧͳΒ OK

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final class User: Sendable { let id: ID let firstName: String let familyName: String let age: Int var name: String { "\(firstName) \(familyName)" } ... } ✅ Computed Property Λ͍࣋ͬͯͯ΋ΠϛϡʔλϒϧͳͷͰ OK

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final class User: Sendable { let id: ID let firstName: String let familyName: String let age: Int private var _name: String? // var name: String { if _name == nil { _name = "\(firstName) \(familyName)" } return _name! } ... }

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final class User: @unchecked Sendable { let id: ID let firstName: String let familyName: String let age: Int private var _name: String? // var name: String { if _name == nil { _name = "\(firstName) \(familyName)" } return _name! } ... }

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actor Counter { private var count: Int = 0 func increment() -> Int { count += 1 return count } } actor ͸҉໧తʹ Sendable ʹద߹

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ϓϩτίϧʹద߹ͤ͞ΒΕͳ͍৔߹͸ʁ

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actor Foo { func bar(_ f: (String) -> Int) { // // ... } }

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actor Foo { func bar(_ f: @Sendable (String) -> Int) { // // ... } } Ϋϩʔδϟ͸ϓϩτίϧʹద߹Ͱ͖ͳ͍ͷͰ @Sendable Λ࢖͏

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final class User { var name: String ... } let user: User = ... Task { let name = user.name // } @Sendable Ϋϩʔδϟ͸ Sendable ͳ஋͔͠ΩϟϓνϟͰ͖ͳ ͍ʢ Task.init ʹ౉͢Ϋϩʔδϟ͸ @Sendable ʣ

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var a = 42 Task { print(a) // ⛔ } @Sendable Ϋϩʔδϟ͸ม਺ΛΩϟϓνϟͰ͖ͳ͍

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var a = 42 Task { [a] in print(a) // ✅ } by-value Ωϟϓνϟ͸Մೳ

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Actor-isolated Context ͷҾܧ͗

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@nonescaping, non-@Sendable ʢ context ΛҾ͖ܧ͙ʣ actor A { func foo(values: [Int]) { // A values.forEach { value in // A } } }

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@escaping, non-@Sendableʢ context ΛҾ͖ܧ͙ʣ actor A { func foo(value: Int) { // A let square: (Int) -> Int = { // @escaping // A $0 * $0 } print(square(value)) print(square(square(value))) } }

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@Sendable ʢ context ΛҾ͖ܧ͕ͳ͍ʣ actor A { func foo() { // A let foo: Foo = .init() // Foo: Sendable DispatchQueue.global().async { [foo] in // @Sendable // not A foo.value = 2 } foo.value = 3 print(foo.value) } } ※ͨͩ͠ɺ Swi% 5.5 ݱࡏ͸ @Sendable Ͱͳ͍

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Task.initʢ context ΛҾ͖ܧ͙ʣ actor A { func foo() { // A Task { // @Sendable // A } } }

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@_inheritActorContext extension Task where Failure == Never { ... @discardableResult @_alwaysEmitIntoClient public init( priority: TaskPriority? = nil, @_inheritActorContext @_implicitSelfCapture operation: __owned @Sendable @escaping () async -> Success ) { ... } } 10 h%ps:/ /github.com/apple/swi7/blob/main/stdlib/public/Concurrency/Task.swi7

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Task.initʢ context ΛҾ͖ܧ͙ʣ actor A { func foo() { // A Task { // @Sendable // A } } }

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Task.detachedʢ context ΛҾ͖ܧ͕ͳ͍ʣ actor A { func foo() { // A Task.detached { // @Sendable // not A } } }

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Actor-isolated Context ͷҾܧ͗ͷؔ͢Δ swi2-developers-japan Ͱͷ΍ΓͱΓ11 11 h$ps:/ /discord.com/channels/291054398077927425/291054454793306112/890858321693769748

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UserViewController

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override func viewDidAppear(_ animated: Bool) { super.viewDidAppear(animated) Task { do { // User ͷ JSON ͷऔಘ let url: URL = ... let data = try await downloadData(from: url) ... // View ΁ͷ൓ө iconImageView.image = iconImage } catch { // ΤϥʔϋϯυϦϯά print(error) } } }

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View Controller ʹϩδοΫΛॻ͖ͨ͘ͳ͍

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ViewModel తͳΫϥεΛಋೖ

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UserViewState final class UserViewState { let id: User.ID @Published private(set) var user: User? @Published private(set) var iconImage: UIImage? init(id: User.ID) { self.id = id } }

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Q6: UserViewState UserViewState ʹ loadUser ϝιουΛ௥Ճ͠ɺϢʔβʔ͓Α ͼϢʔβʔΞΠίϯΛऔಘ͢ΔίʔυΛ UserViewController ͔Β෼཭ͯ͠Լ͍͞ɻ UserViewController ʹ͸ UserViewState ܕͷ state ϓϩύςΟΛ࣋ͨͤɺ state ͷঢ় ଶΛ View ʹ൓ө͢ΔΑ͏ʹͯ͠Լ͍͞ɻͳ͓ɺ͜ͷ໰୊͸ Actor ʹؔ܎͋Γ·ͤΜɻ ! state.user Ͱ͸ͳ͘ state.$user ͱॻ͘͜ͱͰɺ user Λ Publisher ͱͯ͠औಘ͢Δ͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖·͢ɻ

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Q6: ղ౴ྫ

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loadUser Λฒߦʹݺͼग़ͯ͠΋େৎ෉͔ʁ

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loadUser Ͱى͜ΓಘΔσʔλڝ߹ let data = try await downloadData(from: url) let user = try JSONDecoder().decode(User.self, from: data) self.user = user // ͕͜͜ಉ࣌ʹ࣮ߦ͞ΕΔͱʁ

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UserViewState Λ actor ʹ͍ͨ͠

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Q7: actor UserViewState UserViewState Λ Actor ʹͯ͠Լ͍͞ɻ

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Q7: ղ౴ྫ

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Swi$ Concurrency Λ࢖ͬͯ Publisher ΛߪಡͰ͖Δ

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Publisher.values 5 for await value in publisher.values { ... } 5 h$ps:/ /developer.apple.com/documenta6on/combine/publisher/values-1dm9r

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AsyncSequence 6 protocol AsyncSequence { associatedtype AsyncIterator: AsyncIteratorProtocol where AsyncIterator.Element == Element associatedtype Element func makeAsyncIterator() -> AsyncIterator } protocol AsyncIteratorProtocol { associatedtype Element mutating func next() async throws -> Element? } 6 h$ps:/ /github.com/apple/swi6-evolu9on/blob/main/proposals/0298-asyncsequence.md

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Q8: Publisher.values UserViewState ͷ user ΍ iconImage ͷߪಡΛɺ for await Λ࢖͏ܗͰॻ͖׵͑ͯԼ͍͞ɻ

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Q8: ղ౴ྫ

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await state ͷ await ͕ᓔಃ͍͠ for await user in await state.$user.values { ... }

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state ͷΩϡʔ͕ϝΠϯΩϡʔͳΒɾɾɾ

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ܕΛ௒͑ͯΩϡʔͰอޢ͍ͨ͠

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Global Actor 7 7 h$ps:/ /github.com/apple/swi6-evolu9on/blob/main/proposals/0316-global-actors.md

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MainActor 8 8 h$ps:/ /github.com/apple/swi6-evolu9on/blob/main/proposals/0316-global-actors.md#the-main-actor

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@MainActor @MainActor func foo() { // isolated // ϝΠϯεϨου } @MainActor ͕෇༩͞Εͨؔ਺΍ϝιουɺϓϩύςΟ౳͸ MainActor ʹ actor-isolated

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@MainActor @MainActor final class Foo { var value: Int = 42 // isolated func a() { // isolated // ϝΠϯεϨου } } @MainActor ͕෇༩͞ΕͨܕͷϝιουɺϓϩύςΟ౳͸ MainActor ʹ actor-isolated

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Q9: @MainActor UserViewState ʹ @MainActor Λ෇༩ͯ͠ɺ UserViewController ͱͷ΍ΓͱΓΛ MainActor ಺ͷॲཧͱ ͯ͠ѻ͑ΔΑ͏ʹͯ͠Լ͍͞ɻ

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Q9: ղ౴ྫ

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ObservableObject

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UserViewState Λ ObservableObject ʹ final class UserViewState: ObservableObject { ... }

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UserViewState Λ ObservableObject ʹ • Swi%UI ΁ͷҠߦΛݟਾ͑ͯ • Computed Property ͸ @Published ʹͰ͖ͳ͍

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UserViewState Λ ObservableObject ʹ • user ΍ iconImage Λݸผʹߪಡ͢ΔͷͰ͸ͳ͘ɺ objectWillChange9 Λߪಡ͢Δ 9 h$ps:/ /developer.apple.com/documenta6on/combine/observableobject/objectwillchange-2oa5v

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Q10: ObservableObject UserViewState Λ ObservableObject ʹద߹ͤ͞ɺ user, iconImage Λݸผʹߪಡ͢ΔͷͰ͸ͳ͘ɺ objectWillChange Λߪಡͯ͠ View ʹ൓ө͢Δܗʹमਖ਼ͯ͠Լ͍͞ɻ

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Q10: ղ౴ྫ

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Q10 Ͱ࣮૷ͨ͠ UserViewState ͸ Swi(UI Ͱ΋ͦͷ··ར༻Մೳ

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Q11: Swi(UI UserViewController ͱಉ༷ͷݟͨ໨ɾڍಈΛ࣮ݱ͢Δ UserView Λ Swi%UI Ͱ࣮૷ͯ͠Լ͍͞ɻ ! @StateObject Ͱ UserViewState Λอ࣋͠·͢ɻ @StateObject private var state: UserViewState

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Q11: ղ౴ྫ