Die coolste neue Programmiersprache: Englisch !? Was bringen Generative AI & LLMs für meine Software? Christian Weyer @christianweyer CTO, Technology Catalyst

§ Technology catalyst § AI-powered solutions § Pragmatic end-to-end architectures § Microsoft Regional Director § Microsoft MVP for Developer Technologies & Azure ASPInsider, AzureInsider § Google GDE for Web Technologies [email protected] @christianweyer https://www.thinktecture.com Die coolste neue Programmiersprache: Englisch Was bringen Generative AI & LLMs für meine Software? Christian Weyer Co-Founder & CTO @ Thinktecture AG 2

Die coolste neue Programmiersprache: Englisch Was bringen Generative AI & LLMs für meine Software? Our journey 3 (Gen) AI all-the- things? Integrating LLMs Selected Scenarios Democratizing Generative AI Exciting Times…

Die coolste neue Programmiersprache: Englisch Was bringen Generative AI & LLMs für meine Software? AI all-the-things? 4

Die coolste neue Programmiersprache: Englisch Was bringen Generative AI & LLMs für meine Software? AI all-the-things? 5 Data Science Artificial Intelligence Machine Learning Unsupervised, supervised, reinforcement learning Deep Learning ANN, CNN, RNN etc. NLP Generative AI GAN, VAE, Transformers etc. Image / Video Generation GAN, VAE Large Language Models Transformers

§ LLMs generate text based on input § LLMs can understand text – this changes a lot § Prompts are the universal interface (“UI”) → unstructured text with semantics § Human language evolves as a first-class citizen in software architecture 🤯 Die coolste neue Programmiersprache: Englisch Was bringen Generative AI & LLMs für meine Software? Large Language Models (LLMs) 6 Text… – really, just text?

§ LLMs are programs § LLMs are highly specialized neural networks § LLMs use(d) lots of data § LLMs need a lot of resources to be operated § LLMs have an API to be used through Die coolste neue Programmiersprache: Englisch Was bringen Generative AI & LLMs für meine Software? Large Language Models demystified 7

Die coolste neue Programmiersprache: Englisch Was bringen Generative AI & LLMs für meine Software? Integrating LLMs 8

§ LLMs are always part of end-to-end architectures § HTTP/Web/REST APIs § Databases § Client apps (Web, desktop, mobile) § etc. § An LLM is ‘just’ an additional asset in your architecture § It is not the Holy Grail for everything! Die coolste neue Programmiersprache: Englisch Was bringen Generative AI & LLMs für meine Software? End-to-end architectures with LLMs 9

Die coolste neue Programmiersprache: Englisch Was bringen Generative AI & LLMs für meine Software? Using LLMs: It’s just APIs ! Inference, FTW. 10

GPT-4 API access via OpenAI Playground Die coolste neue Programmiersprache: Englisch Was bringen Generative AI & LLMs für meine Software? DEMO 11

Die coolste neue Programmiersprache: Englisch Was bringen Generative AI & LLMs für meine Software? The best tool for .NET developers to talk to LLMs! 12 🙈

§ OSS framework for developing applications powered by LLMs § > 1000 contributors § Python and Typescript versions § Chains as a central concept § Sequences of LLM-related actions in code § Abstractions for § Prompts & LLMs (local and remote) § Memory § Vector stores § Tools § Loading text from a wide range of sources Die coolste neue Programmiersprache: Englisch Was bringen Generative AI & LLMs für meine Software? LangChain - building LLM-based applications 13

§ Microsoft’s OSS framework to integrate LLMs into applications § .NET, Python, and Java versions § Plugins encapsulate AI capabilities § Semantic functions for prompting § Native functions to run local code § Chain is collection of Plugins § Planners are orchestrating LLMS interactions § Not as broad feature set as LangChain § E.g., no concept/abstraction for loading data Die coolste neue Programmiersprache: Englisch Was bringen Generative AI & LLMs für meine Software? Semantic Kernel - building LLM-based applications 14

Die coolste neue Programmiersprache: Englisch Was bringen Generative AI & LLMs für meine Software? Selected Scenarios 15

Text generation § LLMs are good in generating text § Regular text § Code § SQL (beware!) § JSON § etc. Die coolste neue Programmiersprache: Englisch Was bringen Generative AI & LLMs für meine Software? Typical LLM scenarios: 16

Extracting meaning in text § LLM can be instructed to, e.g. § Do sentiment analysis § Extract information from text § Extracting structured information § JSON, Python classes, TypeScript types etc. § Via tools like JSON Schema or Open AI Functions Die coolste neue Programmiersprache: Englisch Was bringen Generative AI & LLMs für meine Software? Typical LLM scenarios: 17

Extracting structured data (LangChain + Kor) Die coolste neue Programmiersprache: Englisch Was bringen Generative AI & LLMs für meine Software? DEMO 18

Die coolste neue Programmiersprache: Englisch Was bringen Generative AI & LLMs für meine Software? Answering Questions on Data - Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) Cleanup & Split Text Embedding Question Text Embedding Save Query Relevant Text Question Answer LLM 19 Vector DB Embedding model Embedding model 💡 Indexing / Embedding QA

Learning about my company’s policies via Slack (LangChain) Die coolste neue Programmiersprache: Englisch Was bringen Generative AI & LLMs für meine Software? DEMO 20

Die coolste neue Programmiersprache: Englisch Was bringen Generative AI & LLMs für meine Software? Towards (half-) Autonomy 21

§ Involve an LLM in making decisions (via ReAct – Reasoning & Acting) § Which actions to take (thought) § Taking that action (executed via your code) § Seeing an observation § Repeating until done § Tools to interact with the workflow from the LLM § LangChain tools and agents § Semantic Kernel native functions § OpenAI function calling § Reliable (structured) way to interact from the LLM with your code § Proprietary to OpenAI models (fine-tuned) Die coolste neue Programmiersprache: Englisch Was bringen Generative AI & LLMs für meine Software? Agents: Multi-step workflows with humans & LLMs 22

Die coolste neue Programmiersprache: Englisch Was bringen Generative AI & LLMs für meine Software? Agents & ReAct – with OpenAI function calling LLM My code Query Some API Some database Prompt Function definitions Final answer Answer ❓ ❓ ❗ 💡 23 Function Function

Ask for expert availability in my company systems (Whisper, Semantic Kernel, TTS) Die coolste neue Programmiersprache: Englisch Was bringen Generative AI & LLMs für meine Software? DEMO 24

Die coolste neue Programmiersprache: Englisch Was bringen Generative AI & LLMs für meine Software? Democratizing Generative AI 25

Die coolste neue Programmiersprache: Englisch Was bringen Generative AI & LLMs für meine Software? LLMs everywhere OpenAI-related (cloud) OpenAI Azure OpenAI Service Big cloud providers Google Model Garden on Vertex AI Amazon Bedrock Other providers Antrophic Cohere HuggingFace … Open-source Edge IoT Server Desktop Mobile Web Open-source 26

§ Open-source community drives innovation in Generative AI § HuggingFace is central place for it § Literally, every week a new and “better” LLM shows up 🤓 § Important factors § Use case § Parameter size § Quantization § Processing power needed § Mistral-based family shows big potential for local use cases (7B params) Die coolste neue Programmiersprache: Englisch Was bringen Generative AI & LLMs für meine Software? Open-source LLMs thrive 27

Running Mistral OSS LLM locally (llama.cpp & LM Studio) Die coolste neue Programmiersprache: Englisch Was bringen Generative AI & LLMs für meine Software? DEMO 28

Die coolste neue Programmiersprache: Englisch Was bringen Generative AI & LLMs für meine Software? Exciting Times 29

§ LLMs enable new scenarios & use cases to incorporate human language into software solutions § Fast moving and changing field § Every week something “big” happens in LLM space § Frameworks & ecosystem are evolving together with LLMs § Closed vs open LLMs § Competition drives invention & advancement § SISO (sh*t in, sh*t out) § Quality of results heavily depends on your data & input Die coolste neue Programmiersprache: Englisch Was bringen Generative AI & LLMs für meine Software? Current state 30

Potential for LLM-powered human-machine workflows via universal interface agents Die coolste neue Programmiersprache: Englisch Was bringen Generative AI & LLMs für meine Software? Outlook 31

Die coolste neue Programmiersprache: Englisch Was bringen Generative AI & LLMs für meine Software? Outlook 32

Thank you! Christian Weyer https://thinktecture.com/christian-weyer 33

§ Semantic Kernel § https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/semantic-kernel/overview/ § LangChain § https://www.langchain.com/ § LangChain Agents § https://python.langchain.com/docs/modules/agents/ § ReAct: Synergizing Reasoning and Acting in Language Models § https://react-lm.github.io/ § Prompt Engineering Guide § https://www.promptingguide.ai/ § OpenAI API reference § https://platform.openai.com/docs/api-reference § Azure OpenAI Service REST API reference § https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/ai-services/openai/reference § Hugging Face Inference Endpoints (for various OSS LLMs) § https://huggingface.co/docs/inference-endpoints/api_reference § Llama2 on Hugging Face § https://huggingface.co/blog/llama2 § OWASP Top 10 for LLM Applications § https://owasp.org/www-project-top-10-for-large-language-model-applications/assets/PDF/OWASP-Top-10-for-LLMs-2023-slides-v1_0_1.pdf Die coolste neue Programmiersprache: Englisch Was bringen Generative AI & LLMs für meine Software? Links 34