Rails 5 And its new features by examples

Yoshio Teruia

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Rails 5 And its new features by examples

E o Action Cable?

É uma integração do websocket com o Rails que possibilita o desenvolvimento de real-time features. Action Cable

goo.gl/qT8DIs

goo.gl/Slautj

goo.gl/UpwmRD

CLI

Agora o `rails` pode ser usado para rodar rake tasks na CLI. Comandos do Rails centralizado

rails db:migrate rails db:create rails test rails routes

Testes

Executar os testes ficou mais simples. Test Runner

Executar os testes ficou mais simples. Rodar um único teste

rails test test/models/user_test.rb:4

rails test test/models/user_test.rb:4

rails test test/models/user_test.rb:4

Não é mais necessário adicionar uma gem. Opção fail fast

rails test -f

rails test -f

A fase de exercise nos testes de integração ficam mais explícitas. Kwarg nos métodos de requisição

Rails 4 class UserListTest < ActionDispatch::IntegrationTest test 'returns all users' do … get users_url, nil, { 'X-Custom-Header' => 'Header Value', formats: :json } … end end

Rails 4 class UserListTest < ActionDispatch::IntegrationTest test 'returns all users' do … get users_url, nil, { 'X-Custom-Header' => 'Header Value’, formats: :json } … end end

Rails 4 class UserListTest < ActionDispatch::IntegrationTest test 'returns all users' do … get users_url, nil, { 'X-Custom-Header' => 'Header Value’, formats: :json } … end end

Rails 5 class UserListTest < ActionDispatch::IntegrationTest test 'returns all users' do … get users_url, headers: { 'X-Custom-Header' => 'Header Value’ }, as: :json … end end

Rails 5 class UserListTest < ActionDispatch::IntegrationTest test 'returns all users' do … get users_url, headers: { 'X-Custom-Header' => 'Header Value’ }, as: :json … end end

Asset Pipeline

Os logs ficam mais enxuto no modo de desenvolvimento. Possibilidade de desabilitar os logs dos assets

Started GET "/users" for ::1 at 2016-09-23 04:14:49 -0300 ActiveRecord::SchemaMigration Load (0.7ms) SELECT "schema_migrations".* FROM "schema_migrations" Processing by UsersController#index as HTML Rendering users/index.html.erb within layouts/application User Load (0.5ms) SELECT "users".* FROM "users" Rendered users/index.html.erb within layouts/application (16.8ms) Completed 200 OK in 366ms (Views: 340.1ms | ActiveRecord: 5.0ms) Started GET "/assets/jquery.self-bd7ddd393353a8d2480a622e80342adf488fb6006d667e8b42e4c0073393abee.js? body=1" for ::1 at 2016-09-23 04:14:50 -0300 Started GET "/assets/turbolinks.self-c5acd7a204f5f25ce7a1d8a0e4d92e28d34c9e2df2c7371cd7af88e147e4ad82.js? body=1" for ::1 at 2016-09-23 04:14:50 -0300 Started GET "/assets/application.self- b89234cf2659d7fedea75bca0b8d231ad7dfc2f3f57fcbaf5f44ed9dc384137b.js?body=1" for ::1 at 2016-09-23 04:14:50 -0300 Started GET "/assets/jquery_ujs.self-784a997f6726036b1993eb2217c9cb558e1cbb801c6da88105588c56f13b466a.js? body=1" for ::1 at 2016-09-23 04:14:50 -0300 Started GET "/assets/ action_cable.self-1641ec3e8ea24ed63601e86efcca7f9266e09f390e82199d56aa7e4bd50e1aa9.js?body=1" for ::1 at 2016-09-23 04:14:50 -0300 Started GET "/assets/application.self- e3b0c44298fc1c149afbf4c8996fb92427ae41e4649b934ca495991b7852b855.css?body=1" for ::1 at 2016-09-23 04:14:50 -0300 Started GET "/assets/cable.self-6e0514260c1aa76eaf252412ce74e63f68819fd19bf740595f592c5ba4c36537.js? body=1" for ::1 at 2016-09-23 04:14:50 -0300

Rails 4 A única forma de desabilitar os logs dos assets era instalando uma gem externa.

Rails 5 Existe uma configuração para desabilitar os logs dos assets e que vem habilitado por padrão.

Rails.application.configure do config.cache_classes = false # Do not eager load code on boot. config.eager_load = false config.assets.debug = true # Suppress logger output for asset requests. config.assets.quiet = true … end

Rails.application.configure do config.cache_classes = false # Do not eager load code on boot. config.eager_load = false config.assets.debug = true # Suppress logger output for asset requests. config.assets.quiet = true … end

Started GET "/users" for ::1 at 2016-09-23 04:24:36 -0300 ActiveRecord::SchemaMigration Load (0.4ms) SELECT "schema_migrations".* FROM "schema_migrations" Processing by UsersController#index as HTML Rendering users/index.html.erb within layouts/application User Load (0.4ms) SELECT "users".* FROM "users" Rendered users/index.html.erb within layouts/application (12.2ms) Completed 200 OK in 315ms (Views: 293.4ms | ActiveRecord: 3.9ms)

Funciona no Rails 4.2.7‼ Essa funcionalidade foi portada para o sprocket-rails 3.1.0, ou seja, essa configuração funciona no Rails 4.2.7 sem a necessidade da gem quiet_assets.

Active Record

Utilizar o UUID como padrão de chave primária

Rails 4 Já havia a possibilidade de utilizar o UUID como chave primária mas era um pouco verboso.

rails g model user name:string test/models/user_t

rails g model user name:string class CreateUsers < ActiveRecord::Migration def change create_table :users do |t| t.string :name t.timestamps null: false end end end

rails g model user name:string class CreateUsers < ActiveRecord::Migration def change create_table :users, id: :uuid do |t| t.string :name t.timestamps null: false end end end

Rails 5 É possível adicionar uma configuração para que todas as tabelas utilizem o UUID como pk.

rails g model user name:string test/models/user_t

module Rails5 class Application < Rails::Application config.generators do |g| g.orm :active_record, primary_key_type: :uuid end end end

module Rails5 class Application < Rails::Application config.generators do |g| g.orm :active_record, primary_key_type: :uuid end end end

class CreateUsers < ActiveRecord::Migration def change create_table :users, id: :uuid do |t| t.string :name t.timestamps null: false end end end

⚠Alguns métodos como o `.first` e o `.last` não funcionam mais como o esperado.

Índice nos erros dos nested attributes

Rails 4 Não há uma forma de relacionar os erros com as instâncias da associação.

class User < ActiveRecord::Base has_many :addresses validates :name, presence: true accepts_nested_attributes_for :addresses end class Address < ActiveRecord::Base belongs_to :user validates :street, :city, presence: true end

u = User.new(name: 'João') u.addresses.new(street: 'Rua joãozinho') u.valid? => false u.errors.messages => {:"addresses.city"=>["can't be blank"]} u.addresses.new u.valid? => false u.errors.messages => { :"addresses.city"=>["can't be blank”], :"addresses.street"=>["can't be blank”] }

u = User.new(name: 'João') u.addresses.new(street: 'Rua joãozinho') u.valid? => false u.errors.messages => {:"addresses.city"=>["can't be blank"]} u.addresses.new u.valid? => false u.errors.messages => { :"addresses.city"=>["can't be blank”], :"addresses.street"=>["can't be blank”] }

u = User.new(name: 'João') u.addresses.new(street: 'Rua joãozinho') u.valid? => false u.errors.messages => {:"addresses.city"=>["can't be blank"]} u.addresses.new u.valid? => false u.errors.messages => { :"addresses.city"=>["can't be blank”], :"addresses.street"=>["can't be blank”] }

u = User.new(name: 'João') u.addresses.new(street: 'Rua joãozinho') u.valid? => false u.errors.messages => {:"addresses.city"=>["can't be blank"]} u.addresses.new u.valid? => false u.errors.messages => { :"addresses.city"=>["can't be blank”], :"addresses.street"=>["can't be blank”] }

u = User.new(name: 'João') u.addresses.new(street: 'Rua joãozinho') u.valid? => false u.errors.messages => {:"addresses.city"=>["can't be blank"]} u.addresses.new u.valid? => false u.errors.messages => { :"addresses.city"=>["can't be blank”], :"addresses.street"=>["can't be blank”] }

u = User.new(name: 'João') u.addresses.new(street: 'Rua joãozinho') u.valid? => false u.errors.messages => {:"addresses.city"=>["can't be blank"]} u.addresses.new u.valid? => false u.errors.messages => { :"addresses.city"=>["can't be blank”], :"addresses.street"=>["can't be blank”] }

u = User.new(name: 'João') u.addresses.new(street: 'Rua joãozinho') u.valid? => false u.errors.messages => {:"addresses.city"=>["can't be blank"]} u.addresses.new u.valid? => false u.errors.messages => { :"addresses.city"=>["can't be blank”], :"addresses.street"=>["can't be blank”] }

Rails 5 Um índice pode ser adicionado para cada erro.

class Address < ActiveRecord::Base belongs_to :user validates :street, :city, presence: true end class User < ActiveRecord::Base has_many :addresses, index_errors: true validates :name, presence: true accepts_nested_attributes_for :addresses end

class Address < ActiveRecord::Base belongs_to :user validates :street, :city, presence: true end class User < ActiveRecord::Base has_many :addresses, index_errors: true validates :name, presence: true accepts_nested_attributes_for :addresses end

module Rails5 class Application < Rails::Application … config.active_record.index_nested_attribute_errors = true end end

module Rails5 class Application < Rails::Application … config.active_record.index_nested_attribute_errors = true end end

u = User.new(name: 'João') u.addresses.new(street: 'Rua joãozinho') u.valid? => false u.errors.messages => { :"addresses[0].user"=>["must exist”], :"addresses[0].city"=>["can't be blank”] } u.addresses.new u.valid? => false u.errors.messages => { :"addresses[0].user"=>["must exist”], :"addresses[0].city"=>["can't be blank”], :"addresses[1].user"=>["must exist”], :"addresses[1].street"=>["can't be blank”], :"addresses[1].city"=>["can't be blank”] }

u = User.new(name: 'João') u.addresses.new(street: 'Rua joãozinho') u.valid? => false u.errors.messages => { :"addresses[0].user"=>["must exist”], :"addresses[0].city"=>["can't be blank”] } u.addresses.new u.valid? => false u.errors.messages => { :"addresses[0].user"=>["must exist”], :"addresses[0].city"=>["can't be blank”], :"addresses[1].user"=>["must exist”], :"addresses[1].street"=>["can't be blank”], :"addresses[1].city"=>["can't be blank”] }

u = User.new(name: 'João') u.addresses.new(street: 'Rua joãozinho') u.valid? => false u.errors.messages => { :"addresses[0].user"=>["must exist”], :"addresses[0].city"=>["can't be blank”] } u.addresses.new u.valid? => false u.errors.messages => { :"addresses[0].user"=>["must exist”], :"addresses[0].city"=>["can't be blank”], :"addresses[1].user"=>["must exist”], :"addresses[1].street"=>["can't be blank”], :"addresses[1].city"=>["can't be blank”] }

u = User.new(name: 'João') u.addresses.new(street: 'Rua joãozinho') u.valid? => false u.errors.messages => { :"addresses[0].user"=>["must exist”], :"addresses[0].city"=>["can't be blank”] } u.addresses.new u.valid? => false u.errors.messages => { :"addresses[0].user"=>["must exist”], :"addresses[0].city"=>["can't be blank”], :"addresses[1].user"=>["must exist”], :"addresses[1].street"=>["can't be blank”], :"addresses[1].city"=>["can't be blank”] }

u = User.new(name: 'João') u.addresses.new(street: 'Rua joãozinho') u.valid? => false u.errors.messages => { :"addresses[0].user"=>["must exist”], :"addresses[0].city"=>["can't be blank”] } u.addresses.new u.valid? => false u.errors.messages => { :"addresses[0].user"=>["must exist”], :"addresses[0].city"=>["can't be blank”], :"addresses[1].user"=>["must exist”], :"addresses[1].street"=>["can't be blank”], :"addresses[1].city"=>["can't be blank”] }

u = User.new(name: 'João') u.addresses.new(street: 'Rua joãozinho') u.valid? => false u.errors.messages => { :"addresses[0].user"=>["must exist”], :"addresses[0].city"=>["can't be blank”] } u.addresses.new u.valid? => false u.errors.messages => { :"addresses[0].user"=>["must exist”], :"addresses[0].city"=>["can't be blank”], :"addresses[1].user"=>["must exist”], :"addresses[1].street"=>["can't be blank”], :"addresses[1].city"=>["can't be blank”] }

u = User.new(name: 'João') u.addresses.new(street: 'Rua joãozinho') u.valid? => false u.errors.messages => { :"addresses[0].user"=>["must exist”], :"addresses[0].city"=>["can't be blank”] } u.addresses.new u.valid? => false u.errors.messages => { :"addresses[0].user"=>["must exist”], :"addresses[0].city"=>["can't be blank”], :"addresses[1].user"=>["must exist”], :"addresses[1].street"=>["can't be blank”], :"addresses[1].city"=>["can't be blank”] }

u = User.new(name: 'João') u.addresses.new(street: 'Rua joãozinho') u.valid? => false u.errors.messages => { :"addresses[0].user"=>["must exist”], :"addresses[0].city"=>["can't be blank”] } u.addresses.new u.valid? => false u.errors.messages => { :"addresses[0].user"=>["must exist”], :"addresses[0].city"=>["can't be blank”], :"addresses[1].user"=>["must exist”], :"addresses[1].street"=>["can't be blank”], :"addresses[1].city"=>["can't be blank”] }

u = User.new(name: 'João') u.addresses.new(street: 'Rua joãozinho') u.valid? => false u.errors.messages => { :"addresses[0].user"=>["must exist”], :"addresses[0].city"=>["can't be blank”] } u.addresses.new u.valid? => false u.errors.messages => { :"addresses[0].user"=>["must exist”], :"addresses[0].city"=>["can't be blank”], :"addresses[1].user"=>["must exist”], :"addresses[1].street"=>["can't be blank”], :"addresses[1].city"=>["can't be blank”] }

u = User.new(name: 'João') u.addresses.new(street: 'Rua joãozinho') u.valid? => false u.errors.messages => { :"addresses[0].user"=>["must exist”], :"addresses[0].city"=>["can't be blank”] } u.addresses.new u.valid? => false u.errors.messages => { :"addresses[0].user"=>["must exist”], :"addresses[0].city"=>["can't be blank”], :"addresses[1].user"=>["must exist”], :"addresses[1].street"=>["can't be blank”], :"addresses[1].city"=>["can't be blank”] }

u = User.new(name: 'João') u.addresses.new(street: 'Rua joãozinho') u.valid? => false u.errors.messages => { :"addresses[0].user"=>["must exist”], :"addresses[0].city"=>["can't be blank”] } u.addresses.new u.valid? => false u.errors.messages => { :"addresses[0].user"=>["must exist”], :"addresses[0].city"=>["can't be blank”], :"addresses[1].user"=>["must exist”], :"addresses[1].street"=>["can't be blank”], :"addresses[1].city"=>["can't be blank”] }

u = User.new(name: 'João') u.addresses.new(street: 'Rua joãozinho') u.valid? => false u.errors.messages => { :"addresses[0].user"=>["must exist”], :"addresses[0].city"=>["can't be blank”] } u.addresses.new u.valid? => false u.errors.messages => { :"addresses[0].user"=>["must exist”], :"addresses[0].city"=>["can't be blank”], :"addresses[1].user"=>["must exist”], :"addresses[1].street"=>["can't be blank”], :"addresses[1].city"=>["can't be blank”] }

ActiveRelation#or

Rails 4 A única forma de fazer o `or` é escrevendo sql.

class Order < ActiveRecord::Base enum status: [:posted, :in_transit, :delivered] scope :pending, -> do where( 'status = :posted OR status = :in_transit', { posted: statuses[:posted], in_transit: statuses[:in_transit] } ) end end

class Order < ActiveRecord::Base enum status: [:posted, :in_transit, :delivered] scope :pending, -> do where( 'status = :posted OR status = :in_transit', { posted: statuses[:posted], in_transit: statuses[:in_transit] } ) end end

Rails 5 Tem o ActiveRelation#or.

class Order < ApplicationRecord enum status: [:posted, :in_transit, :delivered] scope :pending, -> { posted.or(in_transit) } end

class Order < ApplicationRecord enum status: [:posted, :in_transit, :delivered] scope :pending, -> { posted.or(in_transit) } end

Left outer join

Rails 4 A única forma de fazer o `left join` é escrevendo sql.

class User < ApplicationRecord User.joins('LEFT JOIN posts ON posts.user_id = users.id') end

class User < ApplicationRecord User.joins('LEFT JOIN posts ON posts.user_id = users.id') end

Rails 5 Tem um método exclusivo para fazer left joins.

class User < ApplicationRecord has_many :posts User.left_outer_joins(:posts) end

Uma forma prática de identificar os atributos que estão sendo utilizadas na view. #accessed_fields

class UsersController < ApplicationController def index @users = User.all end end

Nome Idade <% @users.each do |user| %> <%= user.name %> <%= user.age %> <% end %>

class UsersController < ApplicationController after_action :print_accessed_fields def index @users = User.all end private def print_accessed_fields p @users.first.accessed_fields end end

class UsersController < ApplicationController after_action :print_accessed_fields def index @users = User.all end private def print_accessed_fields p @users.first.accessed_fields end end

Started GET "/users" for ::1 at 2016-09-17 23:47:25 -0300 ActiveRecord::SchemaMigration Load (0.7ms) SELECT "schema_migrations".* FROM "schema_migrations" Processing by UsersController#index as HTML Rendering users/index.html.erb within layouts/ application User Load (0.4ms) SELECT "users".* FROM "users" Rendered users/index.html.erb within layouts/ application (20.5ms) ["name", "age"] Completed 200 OK in 395ms (Views: 361.8ms | ActiveRecord: 4.2ms)

Started GET "/users" for ::1 at 2016-09-17 23:47:25 -0300 ActiveRecord::SchemaMigration Load (0.7ms) SELECT "schema_migrations".* FROM "schema_migrations" Processing by UsersController#index as HTML Rendering users/index.html.erb within layouts/ application User Load (0.4ms) SELECT "users".* FROM "users" Rendered users/index.html.erb within layouts/ application (20.5ms) ["name", "age"] Completed 200 OK in 395ms (Views: 361.8ms | ActiveRecord: 4.2ms)

class UsersController < ApplicationController def index @users = User.select(:name, :age) end end

⚠Deve ser usado apenas no ambiente de desenvolvimento.

⚠Deve ser usado apenas no ambiente de desenvolvimento. ⚠Apenas os campos que foram lidos são identificados, então cuidado com os que estão dentro de condicionais.

As queries ficaram mais legíveis nos logs. Colourful query logs

Rails 4 User Load (2.8ms) SELECT "users"."id", "users"."gender", "users"."name" FROM "users" Rails 5 User Load (11.1ms) SELECT "users"."id", "users"."gende "users"."name" FROM "users"

Rails 4 User Load (2.8ms) SELECT "users"."id", "users"."gender", "users"."name" FROM "users" Rails 5 User Load (11.1ms) SELECT "users"."id", "users"."gender", "users"."name" FROM "users"

Rails 5 Cada query tem uma cor.

User Load (11.1ms) SELECT "users"."id", "users"."gender", "users"."name" FROM "users" Select

SQL (11.3ms) INSERT INTO "users" ("name", "created_at", "updated_at") VALUES ($1, $2, $3) RETURNING "id" Insert

Update SQL (0.4ms) UPDATE "users" SET "name" = $1, "updated_at" = $2 WHERE "users"."id" = $3

Delete SQL (6.6ms) DELETE FROM "users" WHERE "users"."id" = $1

Attributes API Os atributos do banco de dados podem ser convertidos para um objeto do Ruby.

irb(main):002:0> User.first.address User Load (0.3ms) SELECT "users".* FROM "users" ORDER BY "users"."id" ASC LIMIT $1 [["LIMIT", 1]] => {"city"=>"São Paulo", "street"=>"Rua marília"}

irb(main):002:0> User.first.address User Load (0.3ms) SELECT "users".* FROM "users" ORDER BY "users"."id" ASC LIMIT $1 [["LIMIT", 1]] => {"city"=>"São Paulo", "street"=>"Rua marília"}

class Address def initialize(street:, city:) @street = street @city = city end … end

class AddressType < ActiveRecord::Type::Value def serialize(value) ::ActiveSupport::JSON.encode(value) end def deserialize(value) if value address_attrs = JSON.parse(value) ::Address.new( street: address_attrs[‘street'], city: address_attrs[‘city'] ) end end end

class User < ApplicationRecord attribute :address, AddressType.new end

User.first.address User Load (0.5ms) SELECT "users".* FROM "users" ORDER BY "users"."id" ASC LIMIT $1 [["LIMIT", 1]] => #

User.first.address User Load (0.5ms) SELECT "users".* FROM "users" ORDER BY "users"."id" ASC LIMIT $1 [["LIMIT", 1]] => #

Referências

goo.gl/oRfJzd

goo.gl/mS7e8M

goo.gl/J18on9

http://blog.bigbinary.com/

Obrigado