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A Partial History
of Performance Analysis
Keith Lyons
12 February 2018
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Background
● A partial story of 150 years of endeavour.
● A move from hand notation to computerised coding.
● Real-time activities.
● Technologies that permit lapsed-time analysis.
● A move from personal practice to artificial intelligence.
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Performance Analysis as a disciplined insight
Systematic observation
Permanent record of performance
Enables an analysis of performance
Provides quantitative and qualitative augmented information to an
audience
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#Sport History
#Performance Analysis
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Ideographic notation
Symbols as “a more-or-less renderings of some
concrete item”.
Methods that “highlight the unique elements of the
individual phenomenon - the historically
particular”.
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Ideographic and idiographic
Not until we are prepared to dwell upon the unique patterning
of personality, and to concede that lawfulness need not be
synonymous with frequency of occurrence in a population, and
to admit that prediction, understanding, and control are
scientific goals attainable in the handling of one case and of
one case alone - not until then are we in a position to assess
the full value of personal documents.
Gordon Allport (1942)
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19th Century Chronology
Some examples
1861 Henry Chadwick’s Baseball notation (Eaves, 2015:1173)
1883 Renshaw v Lawford Lawn Tennis in J M Heathcote (1890) (Eaves, 2015:1161)
1884 C G Heathcote’s assessment of real tennis in J M Heathcote (1890) (Eaves, 2015:1162)
1890 Huntington v Hovey Lawn Tennis in V G Hall (ed) (1891:55) (Eaves, 2015:1162)
1890 Hobart & Hall v Carver & Ryerson in V G Hall (ed) (1891:68) (Eaves, 2015:1163)
1891 Hall v Wren Lawn Tennis (New York Times) (Eaves, 2015:1164)
1892 Corbett v Sullivan boxing match (Eaves, 2015:1170)
1894 Goodbody v Hobart Lawn Tennis (Eaves, 2015:1163)
1897 Corbett v Fitzsimmons boxing match (Eaves, 2015:1163)
1900 American university football, Yale v Princeton, Yale v Harvard (Eaves, 2015:1168-1169)
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National Library of Wales Wikipedia
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Hugh Fullerton
Lloyd Messersmith Anna Espenschade
Charles Reep
1910 1930s 1950
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Hugh Fullerton’s Inside Game Lloyd Lowell Messersmith
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A ball player who has served on a championship baseball club for
seven seasons and a reporter who has followed the fortunes of
winning and losing teams for twenty years decided to pool their
knowledge of the game and its players and produce a book. They
agreed that past generations of ball players and reporters have left
only garbled traditions and scattered fragments of their knowledge of
the game and that the science of baseball, as understood now,
should be preserved in some way for future generations to use or to
improve upon.
Johnny Evers and Hugh Fullerton (1910)
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Godmothers of Performance Analysis 2
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Charles Reep
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Bruce Scott Old Jake Downey
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Ian Franks Mike Hughes Celia Brackenridge
Tom Reilly Frank Sanderson
Peter Treadwell
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Permanent Recordings of Performance
Hand Notation
Film
Analogue video
Computerised notation and coding
Digital video
Automated data capture
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Occupational Culture
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References
Celia Brackenridge & John Alderson (1985). Match Analysis. Leeds: National Coaching Foundation.
Christopher Carling et al. (2014). Comment on ‘Performance analysis in football’. Journal of Sports Sciences, 32(1), 2-7.
Darrell Cobner (2013). Sharing the practice of performance analysis.
Simon Eaves (2015). A history of sports notational analysis: a journey into the nineteenth century. International Journal of
Performance Analysis in Sport, 15(3), 1160-1176.
Ian Franks & Mike Hughes (2004). Notational Analysis of Sport. Second Edition. Abingdon: Routledge.
Paul Glazier (2010). Game, Set and Match? Substantive issues and future directions in performance analysis. Sports Medicine,
40(8), 625-634.
Richard Huggan, Lee Nelson & Paul Potrac (2014). Developing micropolitical literacy in professional soccer: a performance
analyst’s tale. Qualitative Research in Sport, Exercise and Health, 7(4), 504-520.
Mike Hughes and Ian Franks (Eds.) (2008). The Essentials of Performance Analysis: An Introduction. Abingdon: Routledge.
Keith Lyons (1988). Using video in sport: an introduction. Huddersfield: Springfield Books.
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References
Rob Mackenzie & Chris Cushion (2013). Performance analysis in football: A critical review and implications
for future research. Journal of Sports Sciences, 31(6), 639-676.
Tim McGarry, Peter O’Donoghue & Jaime Sampaio (Eds.) (2015). Routledge Handbook of Sports
Performance Analysis. Abingdon: Routledge.
Lee Nelson & Ryan Groom (2012). The analysis of athletic performance: some practical and philosophical
considerations. Sport, Education and Society, 17(5), 687-701.
Peter O’Donoghue (2015). An Introduction to Performance Analysis of Sport. Abingdon: Routledge.
Peter O’Donoghue (2010). Research Methods for Sports Performance Analysis. Abingdon: Routledge.
Bruno Travassos et al. (2013). Performance analysis in team sports: Advances from an Ecological Dynamics
approach. International Journal of Performance Analysis in Sport, 13(1), 83-95.
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References: Australia
Trevor Jaques & G. Pavia (1974). An analysis of the movement patterns of players in an Australian Rules league football match.
Australian Journal of Sports Medicine, 5(10), 10-21.
Keith Lyons (2002). Australian contributions to the analysis of performance in football 1963-1988. In Warwick Spinks, Tom Reilly
& Aaron Murphy (Eds.), Science and Football IV. Abingdon: Routledge.
Keith Lyons (2005). Performance analysis in applied contexts. International Journal of Performance Analysis in Sport 5(3),
155-162.
Michael McKenna et al. (1988). Computer-video analysis of activity patterns in Australian Rules football. In Tom Reilly et al.
(eds.), Science and Football: Proceedings of the first world congress. Abingdon: Routledge.
Jon Patrick & Brian Lowdon (1986). Computer controlled video replay of player activity in sport. Sports Coach, 10,3, pp.20-22
Jon Patrick & Brian Lowdon (1989). The CABER Waterpolo System. Canberra: National Sports Research Centre.
Jon Patrick & Mike McKenna (1986). A generalised computer system for sports analysis. The Australian Journal of Science and
Medicine in Sport, 18(3), 19-23.
Nicole Vlahovich (2013). Sports Performance Analysis. Canberra: Clearinghouse for Sport.