Python3への移行リスクを最小限にする / How to Reduce Risk with Upgrading to Python3

by Jumpei Sakatsu

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Python3΁ͷҠߦϦεΫΛ ࠷খݶʹ͢Δ Python2 EOL Party in Tokyo by @jumpyoshim #python2EOL

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JUMPEI YOSHIMURA Backend Engineer @HiCustomer @jumpyoshim

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ಈػ ৽ଔೖࣾޙͷϓϩδΣΫτͰ1ZUIPOܥͱ%KBOHPܥ΁ͷҠߦܦݧ ͕͋ͬͨͷͰɺͦͷͱ͖ͷܦݧΛ౿·͓͑ͯ࿩͍͖ͤͯͨͩ͠͞·͢

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ࠓճͷςʔϚ ίετΛ͔͚Ε͹ϦεΫ͸ݮΒͤΔ 1ZUIPO΁ͷҠߦͷͨΊʹଟ͘ͷίετΛ͔͚ΒΕΔΘ͚Ͱ͸ͳ͍ ػೳͷϦϦʔε΍όάϑΟοΫε͕༏ઌ͞ΕɺΉ͠Ζ΄ͱΜͲίε τΛ͔͚ΒΕͳ͍ ͔͠͠ɺݶΒΕͨϦιʔεͷதͰϦεΫΛՄೳͳݶΓݮΒ͢ ͦͷͨΊʹԿ͕Ͱ͖Δ͔ ʮҠߦϦεΫΛ࠷খݶʹ͢Δʯ

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Why We Need to Update

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ΞοϓάϨʔυ͢Δཧ༝ ੬ऑੑ ৽ػೳ ୤ϨΨγʔ ৽ͨͳηΩϡϦςΟόά͕ൃ֮ͨ͠৔߹ʹ ߈ܸΛड͚ΔϦεΫ͕͋Δ ίϛϡχςΟͷ౒ྗͷԸܙΛड͚Δ͜ͱ͕ Ͱ͖Δ ୭͠΋޷ΜͰϨΨγʔͳ؀ڥΛબ͹ͳ͍

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How to Upgrade 2 to 3 1.ࣗಈม׵πʔϧ 2. αʔυύʔςΟͷΞοϓάϨʔυ

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1. ࣗಈม׵πʔϧ ɾUP ɾ'VUVSJ[F.PEFSOJ[F 1ZUIPOͰಈ࡞͢ΔίʔυΛੜ੒ 1ZUIPOΛ1ZUIPOͷίʔυʹม׵

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1. ࣗಈม׵πʔϧ 1ZUIPO·Ͱ͸ࣗྗͰ͋͛Δඞཁ͕͋Δ खಈͰίʔυमਖ਼͕ඞཁͳՕॴ͕͋Δ ஫ҙ఺ ɾ͢΂ͯࣗಈԽ͞Ε͍ͯΔΘ͚Ͱ͸ͳ͍ ɾ1ZUIPOͷΈαϙʔτ

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2. αʔυύʔςΟͷΞοϓάϨʔυ ࠷௿Ͱ΋1ZUIPOΛαϙʔτ͍ͯ͠Δόʔδϣϯ·Ͱ͋͛Δඞཁ͕͋Δ ࠷৽ͷόʔδϣϯͱͷࠩ෼Λ֬ೝߋ৽ $ pip list -o Package Version Latest Type ——————— —————— ————— ————— requests 2.21.0 2.22.0 wheel urllib3 1.24.3 1.25.8 wheel $ pip install -U requests

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2. αʔυύʔςΟͷΞοϓάϨʔυ ஫ҙ఺ ɾޙํޓ׵ੑ͕ͳ͍มߋؚ͕·ΕΔՄೳੑ ɾͦ΋ͦ΋1ZUIPOΛαϙʔτ͍ͯ͠ͳ͍Մೳੑ υΩϡϝϯτΛ֬ೝ͠ͳ͕Βे෼ʹ஫ҙ͠ ΞοϓάϨʔυΛߦ͏ ಠࣗͰ࣮૷͢Δ ϑΥʔΫͨ͠ϓϩδΣΫτΛ୳͢

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pyup.io (6*Ͱ࠷৽όʔδϣϯͱͷࠩ෼Λ֬ೝͰ͖Δ $)"/(&-0(͕͋Ε͹දࣔͯ͘͠ΕΔ https://pyup.io/tools/requirements-checker/

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What We Should to Reduce Risk 1. Python2 / 3 ͷҧ͍Λཧղ͢Δ 2. ςετ 3. ܧଓతΠϯςάϨʔγϣϯ 4. αʔυύʔςΟͷબఆ 5. αʔυύʔςΟͷΞοϓάϨʔυࣗಈԽ

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1. Python2 / 3 ͷҧ͍Λཧղ͢Δ ͲΜͳϦεΫ͕͋Δͷ͔ʢޓ׵ੑ͕ͳ͍ՕॴʣΛཧղ͢Δ ϦεΫͷ͋ΔՕॴΛॏ఺తʹରࡦ͢Δ 1ZUIPOެࣜυΩϡϝϯτʹΑΕ͹ܯռ͢Δ΂͖ҧ͍͸͚ͭͩ

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(1) จࣈྻͷѻ͍ 1ZUIPOͰͷFODPEFEFDPEF͸VOJDPEFܕͱTUSܕ 1ZUIPOͰͷFODPEFEFDPEF͸TUSܕͱCZUFTܕ 1ZUIPOͷTUSܕ͸1ZUIPOͷTUSܕͰ͸ͳ͘VOJDPEFܕͱಉ౳ $ python2 >>> u'ͺ͍ͦΜ'.encode('utf-8') '\xe3\x81\xb1\xe3\x81\x84\xe3\x81\x9d\xe3\x82\x93' >>> '\xe3\x81\xb1\xe3\x81\x84\xe3\x81\x9d\xe3\x82\x93'.decode('utf-8') u'\u3071\u3044\u305d\u3093' $ python3 >>> 'ͺ͍ͦΜ'.encode() b'\xe3\x81\xb1\xe3\x81\x84\xe3\x81\x9d\xe3\x82\x93' >>> b'\xe3\x81\xb1\xe3\x81\x84\xe3\x81\x9d\xe3\x82\x93'.decode() 'ͺ͍ͦΜ'

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(2) আࢉ 1ZUIPOͰ͸JOUಉ࢜ͷআࢉ݁Ռ͸͢΂ͯqPBUʹͳΔ $ python2 >>> 1 / 2 0 $ python3 >>> 1 / 2 0.5

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2. ςετ ҠߦલͱҠߦޙͷಈ࡞͕ಉ͡Ͱ͋Δ͜ͱΛ୲อ͢Δ ͞·͟·ͳείʔϓ͕͋Δ ɾϢχοτςετɿؔ਺΍ϝιουϨϕϧͰ ɾ݁߹ςετɿͭҎ্ͷίϯϙʔωϯτΛ૊Έ߹Θͤͯ ɾ&&ςετɿαʔϏεશମΛ௨ͯ͠

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Testing Pyramid ͲͷςετΛͲΕ͚࣮ͩࢪ͢Δͷ͕Α͍ͷ͔ɺ(PPHMF͕ޠΔ࠷దͳςετઓུ 6OJU *OUFHSBUJPO &&ͷׂ߹͕όϥϯε͕ྑ͍ Ϣχοτςετͷׂ߹͕࠷΋େ͖͍ˠίετ͕௿͘͘࠷΋ޮՌ͕͋Δ https://testing.googleblog.com/2015/04/just-say-no-to-more-end-to-end-tests.html

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ϢχοτςετΛ࣮૷͢Δ ΧόϨοδΛ100%ʹͨ͠ํ͕͍͍ͱ͍͏͜ͱͩΖ͏͔ʁ ͨ͠΄͏͕͍͍͡Όͳ͍ɻͦ͏͠Ζͱ͍͍ͬͯΔΜͩɻ ॻ͍ͨίʔυ͸͢΂ͯςετ͠ͳ͚Ε͹͍͚ͳ͍ɻ·Δɻ `` l ΑΓߴ͍ΧόϨοδ͕๬·͍͕͠ίετ͕ߴ͍ ޙํޓ׵ੑ͕ͳ͍Օॴʢจࣈྻ΍আࢉʣʹಛʹؾΛ͚ͭͯςετΛ͔͘ͱΑ͍

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Ϣχοτςετͷॻ͖ํ ઌਓํͷ৺ڧ͍ࢿྉ ɾޮՌతͳVOJUUFTU·ͨ͸ɺDBMM'65ͷൿີ ɾͰ͖Δ%KBOHPͰςετ ɾςετۦಈ1ZUIPO http://pelican.aodag.jp/xiao-guo-de-naunittest-mataha-callfutnomi-mi.html https://tell-k.github.io/djangocongressjp2018

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1Z$PO+1Ͱͷςετʹؔ͢ΔτʔΫ ɾQZUFTUʹΑΔ$*ϨϘϦϡʔγϣϯ ɾVOJUUFTUͰ࢝ΊΔϢχοτςετೖ໳ ɾ1ZUIPOΛ࢖ͬͨ"1*αʔόʔ։ൃΛ࢝ΊΔࡍʹ੔උͨ͠$* ͱςετػߏ https://speakerdeck.com/abenben/pytestniyorucireboriyusiyon https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1F0fkcbuuQBCbVDLD2v8YQlMOqEMnF_PpI2AAR5nwhfI https://speakerdeck.com/hgsgtk/python-api-ci-test Ϣχοτςετͷॻ͖ํ

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3. ܧଓతΠϯςάϨʔγϣϯ Ϣχοτςετͷ࣮ߦ΍ΧόϨοδͷܭଌΛࣗಈԽ͠ܧଓతʹ࣮ߦ͢Δ ΧόϨοδ͸ৗʹՄࢹԽͰ͖ΔΑ͏ʹ͢Δ ΠϯϑϥCIͷϓϩηεʹैͬͯ࡞ۀΛߦ͏͜ͱͰɺ Ұఆͷ඼࣭͕୲อ͞Εɺ৘ใڞ༗ͷํ๏͕ඪ४Խ͞Εɺ ैདྷͱ͸ൺֱͰ͖ͳ͍΄Ͳ࡞ۀͷޮ཰Խ͕࣮ݱͰ͖·͢ɻ `` l

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ઌʹςετΛॻ͘จԽ ͋ͱͰॻ͍ͨςετ͸๷ޚͳͷͩɻઌʹॻ͘ςετ͸߈ܸͰ͋Δɻ ͋ͱͰॻ͘ςετ͸ɺίʔυΛॻ͍ͨਓ΍໰୊ͷղܾํ๏Λ஌͍ͬͯ Δਓ͕ॻ͘΋ͷͩɻ͜͏ͨ͠ςετ͸ɺઌʹॻ͘ςετ΄ͲӶ͍΋ͷ Ͱ͸ͳ͍ɻ `` l ςετ͸ͦͷͱ͖ʹॻ͘ͷ͕࠷΋ίετ͕௿͍ɻޙճ͠ʹ͠ͳ͍ɻ ςετΛॻ͘ϝϦοτΛڞ༗͠ɺςετ΍ΧόϨοδΛ$*ʹ૊ΈࠐΈ࢓૊ΈԽ͢Δ͜ͱͰ ઌʹςετΛॻ͘จԽΛ࡞Δɻ

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4. αʔυύʔςΟϥΠϒϥϦͷબఆ ґଘ͍ͯ͠ΔαʔυύʔςΟ͕ҠߦͷதͰ΋େ͖ͳোนʹͳΓ͏Δ ґଘ͍ͯ͠ΔαʔυύʔςΟͷ਺͕ଟ͍΄ͲҠߦͷϦεΫ͕ߴ͘ίετ ΋ߴ͍ αʔυύʔςΟΛಋೖ͢Δҙࢥܾఆ͸৻ॏʹ ɾඪ४ϥΠϒϥϦͰ͸ղܾͰ͖ͳ͍ͷ͔ ɾαʔυύʔςΟҎ֎ͰղܾͰ͖Δํ๏͸ͳ͍ͷ͔

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ͦΕͰ΋ಋೖ͍ͨ͠ʂ ͲͷαʔυύʔςΟ͕Α͍ͷ͔ɺࠓޙ΋ϝϯςφϯε͞Εଓ͚Δݟࠐ Έ͸͋Δͷ͔൑அ͢Δ ɾ௚ۙͷϦϦʔε͸͍͔ͭ ɾͲΕ͘Β͍ͷස౓ͰϦϦʔε͞Ε͍ͯΔ͔ ɾίϛολʔ΍ίϯτϦϏϡʔλʔͷਓ਺͸Կਓ͔ ɾͲΕ͘Β͍ར༻͞Ε͍ͯΔͷ͔ʢ1F1Zʣ ɾελʔ਺

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5. αʔυύʔςΟͷΞοϓάϨʔυࣗಈԽ ɾόʔδϣϯΞοϓͷ1VMMΛࣗಈͰ࡞੒ͯ͘͠ΕΔ ɾςετͷ$*͕ߏஙͰ͖͍ͯΕ͹$*͕ύεͨ͠Βجຊతʹ͸Ϛʔδ͢Ε͹ Α͍͚ͩ ɾϝδϟʔόʔδϣϯͷΞοϓάϨʔυ͸ςετ͕ύε͍ͯͯ͠΋ؾΛ͚ͭΔ ҰؾʹόʔδϣϯΛ্͛Δͷ͸ϦεΫ͕ߴ͍ ৺ཧతͳෛ୲΋େ͖͍ͷͰ୭΋΍Γͨ͘ͳ͍͞Βʹ์ஔ͞ΕΔͱ͍͏ѱ॥؀ ೔ʑίπίπͱ্͚͛ͭͮΔ͜ͱ͕ॏཁ

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5. αʔυύʔςΟͷΞοϓάϨʔυࣗಈԽ ɾ%FQFOEBCPU ೥ʹ(JU)VCʹങऩ͞Εͨ"VUPNBUFEEFQFOEFODZVQEBUFTαʔϏε 1JQFOW 1PFUSZ SFRVJSFNFOUTUYUΛαϙʔτ ɾ3FOPWBUF #JUCVDLFU (JU-BC΋αϙʔτ https://dependabot.com/ https://renovate.whitesourcesoftware.com/

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Python3ҠߦͰͷڭ܇ όʔδϣϯΞοϓΛεϙοτͷ࡞ۀͱଊ͑ͳ͍ ܧଓతͳऔΓ૊ΈΛߦ͏͜ͱͰҠߦͷϦεΫ΋ίετ΋Լ͛Δ

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ࢀߟจݙ ɾ1PSUJOH1ZUIPO$PEFUP1ZUIPO ɾ"VUPNBUJDDPOWFSTJPOUP1Z https://docs.python.org/3/howto/pyporting.html http://python-future.org/automatic_conversion.html