JSConf.Asia, Singapore, January 2018

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@brucel If you’re going out of San Francisco Be sure to wear Web Standards in your hair Bruce Lawson JSConf.asia 2017 F Delventhal https://www.ﬂickr.com/photos/krossbow/10324856173/

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@brucel

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@brucel

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@brucel

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@brucel

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@brucel Severino - https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/14/Rolling_stones_-_11_luglio_2006_-_san_siro.jpg

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@brucel

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@brucel

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@brucel Алый Король Алый Король https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iron_Maiden#/media/File:Iron_Maiden_en_Costa_Rica.jpg

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@brucel

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@brucel Holy Web Wars • IE vs Netscape • Tables vs CSS • jQuery vs vanilla JS • Angular vs Ember vs React

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@brucel

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@brucel • Something about being convinced by component-based architecture

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@brucel

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@brucel Because of • Re-usability • Composability • Testability • Shareability

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@brucel

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@brucel Why is CSS for components a PITA? • Everything is global • Order aﬀects cascade • Dependency system - @import • Relies on markup structure • Breaks silently

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@brucel CSS-in-JS

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@brucel document.tags.H1.fontSize = "20pt";

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@brucel Warning: OPINION AHEAD

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@brucel

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@brucel Legal notice: Other opinions are available. (But wrong)

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@brucel Good old CSS: • IDE support • syntax highlighting • code completions • validations • CSS generators • huge community

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@brucel Designers, designers, designers, designers

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@brucel CSS-in-JS costs us! • Loading JS library to handle CSS creation at runtime • Creating / modifying stylesheets at runtime • Server-Side Rendering = CSS × 2

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@brucel

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@brucel Ido’s dream • Modular • Dynamic • Performant • CSS capabilities • Tooling • Customization

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@brucel Introducing Stylable is a CSS preprocessor for styling components with typed CSS.

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@brucel Abstraction - custom states .gallery:loading::navBtn { visibility:hidden; }

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@brucel Abstraction - inner parts .gallery::navBtn::icon { color:green; }

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@brucel Typed CSS • CSS Superset • Inner parts as Pseudo-Elements • Create custom Pseudo-Classes • Type aware dependencies • IDE & Build support • Optimization - "ruleset shaking"

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@brucel .gallery:loading::navBtn {} page.st.css :import { -st-from: "./gallery.st.css"; -st-default: Gallery; } .gallery { -st-extends: Gallery; background-color: gold; }

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@brucel Styling inside the gallery :import { -st-from: "./gallery.st.css"; -st-default: Gallery;} .gallery { -st-extends: Gallery; background-color: gold;} .gallery:loading::navBtn { visibility: hidden;}

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@brucel Deﬁning Gallery internals .root { … } Gallery:loading gallery.st.css:

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@brucel Deﬁning Gallery internals .root { -st-states: loading, empty; } Gallery:loading gallery.st.css:

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@brucel :import { -st-from: "./icon-button.st.css"; -st-default: IconButton;} .root { -st-states: loading, empty;} .navBtn { -st-extends: IconButton;} Gallery::navBtn::icon gallery.st.css: Deﬁning Gallery inner navBtn

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@brucel Status of Stylable • Pseudo Elements & Classes • Imports • Mixins • Theming • VSCode Extension • Integration - React, Webpack

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@brucel W.I.P. • Pseudo-Classes with parameters: .grid::column:name("email") {color:goldenrod;} • Formatters: .item {color: darker(red);} • Declaration Interfaces • MOAR Integrations • Dogfooding and battle-testing • Web Components Compatibility, Houdini

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@brucel

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@brucel Get ‘em while they’re hot • Stylable docs - Stylable.io • Stylable repo - github.com/wix/stylable

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@brucel b

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@brucel Artisan: “a worker in a skilled trade, especially one that involves making things by hand.”

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@brucel 職⼈人気質 Shokunin means not only having technical skill, but also implies an attitude and social consciousness... a social obligation to work his best for the general welfare of the people, [an] obligation both material and spiritual. Tashio Odate - “Japanese Woodworking Tools: Their Tradition, Spirit and Use”

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@brucel What is the web?

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@brucel • [image of a crowd of people - terrible stock photo?]

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@brucel Black Friday + Cyber Monday $2.9Bn

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@brucel Double 11 Day, 2014 $9.2Bn Source: Nanjing Marketing Group, Q4 2014

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@brucel Total online retail spending in China reached $307 billion in 2013 and is forecast to grow at a compound annual rate of nearly 20% until 2019, when it should exceed $1 trillion. “ $1 trillion online by 2019 - China Online Retail Forecast Forrester

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@brucel Sheraton Roma

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@brucel World Bank: Landlocked countries generally pay higher prices for bandwidth than coastal countries. In Africa, for instance, being landlocked adds an average of US$232 to the monthly price for fixed broadband access. World Bank. 2016. World Development Report 2016: Digital Dividends. Washington, DC: World Bank. doi:10.1596/978-1-4648-0671-1. License: Creative Commons Attribution CC BY 3.0 IGO “

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@brucel for mobile broadband too, the range is more than 100-fold between Pakistan (US$1.48 for a GB of data a month, downloaded to a mobile handset) and São Tomé and Príncipe (US$169.38). “

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@brucel Paradox The employment rate in connected areas relative to unconnected areas increased by between 4.2% and 10% when fast internet became available. Fast internet and employment in Africa http://voxdev.org/topic/technology-innovation/fast-internet-and-employment-africa “

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@brucel In most countries in our sample, the increase in skilled employment was biggest for workers with secondary or tertiary education, but those who only completed primary school were also more likely to hold a job. “

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@brucel Despite the fact that Africa has the lowest income per capita of any region, affordability was only identified as the most important barrier in one out of 13 markets in our survey.   “ Africa: not just affordability - GSMA Consumer barriers to mobile internet adoption in Africa - July 2016

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@brucel Network coverage was not perceived as an issue in most countries, reflecting the increasing availability of mobile networks. However, mobile broadband (3G or 4G) coverage remains low in most parts of Africa.   “ Africa: not just networks - GSMA Consumer barriers to mobile internet adoption in Africa - July 2016

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@brucel A lack of awareness and locally relevant content was considered the most important barrier to internet adoption in North Africa and the second biggest barrier in Sub-Saharan Africa.   “ Lack of awareness/ content. - GSMA Consumer barriers to mobile internet adoption in Africa - July 2016

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@brucel A lack of digital skills was identified as the biggest barrier to internet adoption in Sub-Saharan Africa and the second biggest in North Africa.   “ Lack of digital skills - GSMA Consumer barriers to mobile internet adoption in Africa - July 2016

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@brucel A lack of awareness and locally relevant content was the most commonly cited barrier to internet adoption: 72% of non-internet users across the six survey markets felt this was a barrier.   “ Asia - GSMA Consumer barriers to mobile internet adoption in Asia - January 2016

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@brucel 50% of websites worldwide are in English, a language spoken by only 10% of speakers in the survey countries. By way of contrast, only 2% of websites worldwide are in Mandarin and less than 0.1% are in Hindi.   “ Asia - GSMA Consumer barriers to mobile internet adoption in Asia - January 2016

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@brucel In Africa, 7 in 10 people who do not use the internet say they just don’t know how to use it, and almost 4 in 10 say they do not know what the internet is.   In high-income Poland and the Slovak Republic, one- fifth of adults cannot use a computer. “ Digital illiteracy? - World Bank

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@brucel 41% do not use the internet at all, 53% do not have broadband access at home, and 23% do not use cell phones. “ American seniors - Older Adults and Technology Use (Pew Research Centre, April 2014)

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@brucel

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@brucel Video by ClubInternet, Pakistan.   Used by kind permission. http://clubinternet.co/ https://vimeo.com/116787124

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Digital Divide: Africa 2011-12 Individuals who use the internet (%) 0 5 10 15 20 25 Bottom Upper  40% 60% Mature Young  (45+) (15-24) Rural Urban Women Men  Gender Location Age Income distribution  (household)

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@brucel Rural mobile internet users grew by a staggering 93% between December 2014-Dec 2015, yet only nine per cent of the hinterland has access to the technology. In comparison, 53% of urban areas had mobile internet connectivity and grew at 71% during the same period. “ Digital Divide (India) - Times of India, 3 Feb 1016

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@brucel Making the internet universally accessible and affordable should be a global priority. “ World Bank

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@brucel In Nigeria, the data needed to watch just 2 minutes of online video a day can cost more than sending a child to school for a month. “ Nigeria - How To Make Internet Affordable

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@brucel

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@brucel • Settle on fair and transparent ICT taxes. • Get governments and donors to step up efforts. • Agree on “affordability”: 1 GB for 2% • Invest in public access solutions. • Make getting women online a top priority. Fast Africa

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@brucel Online work can prove particularly beneficial for women, youth, older workers, and the disabled, who may prefer the flexibility of working from home or working flexible hours. “ Online work

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@brucel In India… women are 62% less likely to use the internet than men. Many of the underlying reasons for this – affordability, skills and content – are the same as for men; they are simply felt more acutely by women. “ Gender divide - GSMA Consumer barriers to mobile internet adoption in Africa - July 2016

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@brucel Rural Internet users are today almost exclusively male (98%) “ Rural India’s gender divide - Boston Consulting Group - The Rising Connected Consumer in Rural India July 2016

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Women 25% Men 75% Total nonagricultural employment Women 44% Men 56% Online work (Elance) Web empowers women

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Online work: Most important advantages Able to earn extra money Higher chances of getting higher earnings than in jobs offline Able to work from home   and work flexible hours Reduce time and   cost for job search Provide access to the   job market which   was limited before Higher chances of   getting a job that matches   my skills and interests 0 10 20 30 40 50 Men Women Percent of respondents

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Online work: Most important disadvantages Payment is not   good enough Friends and family   do not understand   what I am doing Do not have any   social benefits Require access to an   online payment system Require access to internet Require internet and   computer skills The job is temporary,   and it is not for a   long-term career 0 10 20 30 40 Men Women Percent of respondents

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@brucel The government of the Indian state of Kerala set up the Kudumbashree project to outsource information technology services to cooperatives of women from poor families; 90 percent of the women had not previously worked outside the home. “ “Prosperity of the family”

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Early progressive web apps in Asia & Africa @brucel

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@brucel Downloading a typical app with 20 MB APK can take more than 30 minutes on a 2G network, and the download is likely to fail before completion, due to the flaky nature of the network. “ - How we built Facebook Lite for every Android phone and network

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@brucel     With space this limited, the user is comparing their personal photo collection with the adoption of a new app on their phone. “ - Mobile App Developers Are Suffering

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@brucel we didn’t stand a chance as we were fighting with both our competitors and other apps for a few more MB of room inside people’s phones. “ Birdly - Why you shouldn’t bother creating a mobile app

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https://dev.opera.com/articles/pwa-nigeria-kenya-interview/ “Nigerians are extremely data sensitive.” “People side-load apps and other content from third parties [or via] Xender.” Constance Okoghenun: @brucel

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“With PWAs […], without the download overhead of native apps […] developers in Nigeria can now give a great and up-to-date experience to their users.” @brucel

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@brucel Responsive images saved - Mike Babb 70%

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500MB data: hours worked

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@brucel Warning: Liberal handwringing ahead

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@brucel Guard the web as you work on it Someone or something or some combination of people and things is using YouTube to systematically frighten, traumatise, and abuse children, automatically and at scale, and it forces me to question my own beliefs about the internet, at every level. https://medium.com/@jamesbridle/something-is-wrong-on-the-internet-c39c471271d2

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@brucel https://www.buzzfeed.com/sheerafrenkel/fake-news-spreads-trump-around-the-world

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@brucel Access to the internet is critical, but not sufﬁcient “ World Bank:

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@brucel the full benefits of the information and communications transformation will not be realized unless countries continue to improve their business climate, invest in people’s education and health, and promote good governance. “

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@brucel Developing countries are home to 94% of the global offline population. “ - State of Connectivity 2014, internet.org

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@brucel an increase in Internet maturity similar to the one experienced in mature countries over the past 5 years creates an increase in real GDP per capita of $500 on average during this period. “ Internet matters - The Net’s sweeping impact on growth, jobs, and prosperity (McKinsey Global Institute)

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@brucel It took the Industrial Revolution of the 19th century 50 years to produce the same result. “ Internet matters - The Net’s sweeping impact on growth, jobs, and prosperity (McKinsey Global Institute)

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@brucel love peace thanks boomshanka Bruce Lawson FFConf 2017 F Delventhal https://www.ﬂickr.com/photos/krossbow/10324856173/

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@brucel Resources ▪ World Bank, Digital Dividends report http://www.worldbank.org/en/publication/wdr2016 ▪ Population forecast video by Hans Rosling (raw data from United Nations) https://www.gapminder.org/ videos/dont-panic-the-facts-about-population/ ▪ More than half of humanity lives within this circle (Washington Post)) https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/ worldviews/wp/2013/05/07/map-more-than-half-of-humanity-lives-within-this-circle/ ▪ Nigeria video cost vs school fees statistic https://webwewant.org/news/how-to-make-internet-affordable/ ▪ Population and GDP figures from CIA World Fact Book https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world- factbook/ ▪ Stats on page size/ images ratio from httparchive.org ▪ GSMA report on Africa (https://www.gsmaintelligence.com/research/2016/07/consumer-barriers-to-mobile- internet-adoption-in-africa/568/) Asia (https://www.gsmaintelligence.com/research/2016/06/consumer- barriers-to-mobile-internet-adoption-in-asia/559/) ▪ Fast Africa: How Do We Get FAST Internet? (Policy Advice) https://webwewant.org/fast-africa/toolkit/get- fast-internet-policy-advice/ ▪ McKinsey report www.mckinsey.com/insights/high_tech_telecoms_internet/internet_matters ▪ Facebook, Myanmar, anti-muslim sentiment https://www.buzzfeed.com/sheerafrenkel/fake-news-spreads- trump-around-the-world

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@brucel Picture sources ▪ Me by HTML sign in Tokyo by Doug Schepers (@shepazu), used with permission. All rights reserved. ▪ World Development Report 2016: Digital Dividends www.worldbank.org/en/publication/wdr2016 ▪ “Is Google usable” video - clubinternet.co; used with permission. All rights reserved. https://vimeo.com/116787124

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@brucel Maps ▪ True size of Africa by Kai Krause (Public Domain) ▪ Map of China Single Color by FreeVectorMaps.com ▪ Map of Africa Single Color by FreeVectorMaps.com ▪ Map of Asia Single Color by FreeVectorMaps.com