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ؔܕϓϩάϥϛϯάͱܕγεςϜͷϝϯλϧϞσϧ
גࣜձࣾ Ұٳ
ҏ౻
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𝑓
ͱ͋Δू߹4 ·ͨଞͷू߹4
͋Δू߹ʹଐ͢ΔΛɺؔ GʹΑΓɺ·ͨଞͷू߹ʹଐ͢Δʹࣸ͢
͜Ε͕ͲΜͳू߹͔هड़͢Δͷ͕ʮܕʯ
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ͳͥ͜ͷ
• ࡢࠓͷϓϩάϥϛϯάݴޠʹ͓͚ΔʮܕʯΛͲ͏ଊ͑Δ͔
– ͔͍͘͏ࢲɺࠒʮܕ͚ΊΜͲ͍͘͞ͳʔʯͱࢥ͍ͬͯͨ
– ࠷ۙɺ࣌ͱશ͘ҟͳΔϝϯλϧϞσϧΛ͍࣋ͬͯΔ
• ϓϩάϥϛϯάݴޠɺϑϨʔϜϫʔΫʹ͓͚Δؔܕϓϩάϥϛϯά͔ΒͷӨڹ
• )BTLFMMΛझຯͰॻ͘Α͏ʹͳͬͯɺϝϯλϧϞσϧ͕ߋ৽͞Εͨ
– ੩తܕ͚ɺܕਪɺؔܕϓϩάϥϛϯάɺจ຺ܭࢉʜ
– ͳ͓ࠓͷ )BTLFMMಛ༗ͷͰ͋Γ·ͤΜɻͦͷͨΊओʹ 5ZQF4DSJQUͷྫަ͑ͯ͠·͢
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ϓϩάϥϛϯάͷʮϝϯλϧϞσϧʯ
ࠓͷΛ໘ന͍ͱࢥ͍͚ͬͯͨͩͨΒɺͥͻҎԼͷจষʹΛ௨ͯ͠ΈͯԼ͍͞
• ͡Ίʹ )BTLFMMr 2JJUB
IUUQTRJJUBDPNSVJDDJUFNTEBCBDDGE
ݱࡏɺϓϩάϥϛϯάͱ͍͏ྖҬ·ͩڭҭ͕͍ͬͯͳ͍ҝɺଟ͘ͷϢʔβ͕ಠྗ͔͍ͭ࣌ؒΛ͔͚ͯɺϓϩά
ϥϛϯάΛʮ͑ΔʯΑ͏ʹͯ͠དྷ·ͨ͠ɻͦͷͨΊͦΕͧΕ͕࣋ͭϝϯλϧϞσϧͷଟ͘ॳΊʹ৮ͬͨݴޠɺͦ
ͷ࣍ʹ৮ͬͨݴޠ͋ͨΓʹେ͖͘ґଘ͍ͯ͠Δ͜ͱͰ͠ΐ͏ɻ
Βϓϩάϥϛϯάͱ͍͏త׆ಈʹؔΘ͍ͬͯ·͕͢ɺͦͷϝϯλϧϞσϧͷߏஙमਖ਼ͱ͍ͬͨաఔΛͣͬͱ
ଓ͚Δඞཁ͕͋Γ·͢ɻ
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ͱ͍ɺઌͷਤԿΛݴ͍ͬͯΔ͔
• ϓϩάϥϜΛʮܭࢉػͷ໋ྩʯͰͳ͘ʮؔΛద༻ͯ͠ΛಘΔܭࢉʯͷఆٛͱଊ͑Δ
• ؔ GɺΛࣸ͢ͷ
• ͲΜͳू߹͔ΒͲΜͳू߹ʹࣸ͞ΕΔ͔ɻͦͷू߹ΛܕͰදݱ͢Δ
• ू߹ͷදݱɺͭ·ΓʮܕͱܕΛΈ߹ΘͤͨߏԽʯ͕ΑΓྑ͘Ͱ͖ΕɺϓϩάϥϜ͕ݎ࿚ʹͳΔ
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ҙ
• ؔܕϓϩάϥϛϯά͕ଞͷ͋ΒΏΔύϥμΠϜΑΓ༏Ε͍ͯΔɺͱ͍͏Ͱ͋Γ·ͤΜ
• ಛఆͷύϥμΠϜμϝɺ͜Ε͔ΒؔܕɺΈ͍ͨͳͰ͋Γ·ͤΜ
• ؔܕϓϩάϥϛϯάͷݟ͔ΒؔܕΛ͜Μͳ;͏ʹଊ͑Δ͜ͱͰ͖Δ
• ϓϩάϥϛϯάͷ͞·͟·ͳཁૉΛɺ໋ྩܕͱҟͳΔղऍ͕Ͱ͖ͯ໘ന͍ɻʹཱͭ ͔
ͱ͍͏Ͱ͢
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3FBDU
• ؔܕϓϩάϥϛϯάͷΤοηϯεΛɺϑϩϯτΤϯυ։ൃʹద༻ɻ͘ීٴͨ͠
• %0.ʹঢ়ଶΛຒΊࠐΜͰ͍Δͱঢ়ଶཧ͕ෳࡶʹͳΔɻΞϓϦέʔγϣϯͷঢ়ଶΛʮॻ͖͑Δ
ͷʯͰͳ͘ʮؔʹΑΔঢ়ଶભҠɻෆมͳͷʯͱѻͬͨ
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҉తͳঢ়ଶมԽ͕ݮΓɺϓϨθϯςʔγϣϯΛએݴతʹهड़Ͱ͖ΔΑ͏ʹͳͬͨ
import { useState } from 'react';
export default function MyApp() {
const [count, setCount] = useState(0);
function handleClick() {
setCount(count + 1);
}
return (
);
+BWB4DSJQU
Counters that update together
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&MNΞʔΩςΫνϟ
https://guide.elm-lang.jp/architecture/
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update : Msg -> Model -> ( Model, Cmd Msg )
update msg model =
case msg of
ToggleLike ->
( { model | photo = Maybe.map toggleLike model.photo }, Cmd.none )
UpdateComment comment ->
( { model | photo = Maybe.map (updateComment comment) model.photo }, Cmd.none )
SaveComment ->
( { model | photo = Maybe.map saveNewComment model.photo }, Cmd.none )
LoadFeed (Ok photo) ->
( { model | photo = Just photo }, Cmd.none )
LoadFeed (Err _) ->
( model, Cmd.none )
viewLikeButton : Photo -> Html Msg
viewLikeButton model =
let buttonClass = if model.liked then ...
div [ class "like-button" ]
[ i [ class "fa fa-2x", class buttonClass, onClick ToggleLike ] [] ]
&MN
7JFX .PEFMΛඳըɻ
Ϣʔβʔૢ࡞ʹԠͯ͡Πϕ
ϯτΛૹΔͱŋŋŋ
&MNϥϯλΠϜ͕ VQEBUFؔ
ΛݺͿɻؔʹΠϕϯτʹԠ
ͨ͡Ϟσϧͷঢ়ଶભҠΛؔͰ
هड़͢Δ
&MN
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ঢ়ଶભҠͷؔ
֎քͱΓͱ
Γ *0
イベント
コマンド
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ঢ়ଶͷߋ৽Λɺॻ͖͑Ͱͳ͘ɺ͋Δঢ়ଶ͔Β͋Δঢ়ଶͷભҠʹ͢Δͱྑ͍uuu
• Πϛϡʔλϒϧʹ͢Δͱྑ͍uuu
• એݴతʹ͢Δͱྑ͍uuu
• ؔܕϓϩάϥϛϯάྑ͍uuu
🤔
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ʮؔʯΛͲ͏ଊ͑Δ
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𝑠 = 1 + 2 + 3 + … + n
• Ͳ͏ॻ͘ ࠷ۙݟ͔͚ͨ
– GPSจ खଓతɺ໋ྩܕ
– ࠩྻͷެࣜ
– ࠶ؼɺΈࠐΈ એݴతɺؔܕ
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GPSจͰॻ͘
• ͑ΒΕ͍ͯΔΛॻ͖͑Δ͜ͱΛ܁Γฦͯ͠ɺͦͷ͔Β݁ՌΛಘΔ
• ݱࡏͷίϯϐϡʔλɾΞʔΩςΫνϟͷܭࢉϞσϧʹ͍ۙ
– ϝϞϦ͔ΒϨδελʹσʔλΛϩʔυ͠ɺԋࢉΛ࣮ߦͯ͠ɺϝϞϦʹॻ͖ग़͢
int total = 0;
for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {
total += i;
}
ͱ͜ΖͰɺզʑίϯϐϡʔλΛͬͯܭࢉΛ͍ͯ͠Δ͕ɺϓϩάϥϛϯά্ͷܭࢉϞσϧ·ͰͦΕʹ฿͏
͜ͱඞਢͳͷ͔
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ҾʹؔΛద༻͢Δ͜ͱΛ࠶ؼ ؔݺͼग़͠
Ͱ܁Γฦ͠ɺΛಘΔ
sum [] = 0
sum (x : xs) = x + sum xs -- 関数 sum を再帰的に呼び (+) 関数を適用
)BTLFMM
const sum = (ns: number[]): number => {
if (ns.length == 0) return 0
const [x, ...xs] = ns
return x + sum(xs)
}
5ZQF4DSJQU
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Λॻ͖͑ΔͷͰͳ͘ɺؔͷΓʹؔΛ࠶ؼతʹద༻ͯ͠ΛಘΔ
f a b = a + b
main = do
print $ f 10 (f 9 (f 8 (f 7 (f 6 (f 5 (f 4 (f 3 (f 1 2))))))))
)BTLFMM
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ʮΓʹ܁Γฦؔ͠Λద༻͢ΔʯΛؔʹͨ͠ͷ͕ GPME SFEVDF
• ؔΛద༻͢Δ͜ͱͰΛಘΔ͜ͱʹΑͬͯܭࢉΛ͢ͷ͕ɺؔܕϓϩάϥϛϯάͷߟ͑ํ
• ࠜఈʹϥϜμܭࢉ uuuࠓͦͷ͠ͳ͍
let s = foldl (+) 0 [1 .. n]
)BTLFMM
let s = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5].reduce((acc, i) => acc + i, 0)```
let s = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5].reduce((acc, i) => acc + i, 0)
5ZQF4DSJQU
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จɺࣜ
• จ 4UBUFNFOU
– GPSจɺ JGจɺQSJOUจ
– ܭࢉػͷԿ͔͠Βͷಈ࡞໋ྩɺखଓ͖ɻΛฦ͞ͳ͍
• ࣜ &YQSFTTJPO
– ʮܭࢉΛ࣮ߦͯ݁͠ՌΛಘΔΑ͏ͳॲཧΛهड़͢ΔͨΊͷจ๏ཁૉʯ 8JLJQFEJB
– ඞͣΛฦ͢
– ؔܕϓϩάϥϛϯάʹ͓͚Δؔࣜ
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࠶ܝ
GPSจͰॻ͘
int total = 0;
for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {
total += i;
}
• GPSจͱೖจͰɺ܁Γฦ͠ԋࢉ݁ՌΛॻ͖ࠐΉ ೖ͢Δ
໋ྩΛߦ͍ͬͯΔ
• ܭࢉػͷ໋ྩ uuu໋ྩܕ
• จͰܭࢉΛߏ͢Δͱɺ໋ྩతʹͳΔ
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࠶ܝ
࠶ؼతʹؔΛద༻͢Δ
• ࣜʹΑΓܭࢉΛએݴ͢Δ
• ࣜඞͣΛ͢ɻͦͷʹ࠶ͼؔΛద༻͢Δ
• ࣜͰܭࢉΛߏ͢ΔͱɺએݴతʹͳΔ
let s = foldl (+) 0 [1 .. n]
)BTLFMM
let s = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5].reduce((acc, i) => acc + i, 0)```
let s = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5].reduce((acc, i) => acc + i, 0)
5ZQF4DSJQU
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ؔద༻ʹΑͬͯΛಘΔ ؔʹΑͬͯΛม͢Δɾࣸ͢
ࣜඞͣΓΛฦ͢ɻҾͷ͔ΒΓʹΛมͨ͠ɺࣸͨ͠ɺͱݟΔ͜ͱͰ͖Δ
𝑓
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໋ྩܕͱؔܕ
• ໋ྩܕ uuu໋ྩʹΑͬͯɺܭࢉػʹɺঢ়ଶͦͷͷΛมԽͤ͞Δ
• ؔܕ uuuؔΛద༻͢Δ͜ͱͰΛಘΔɾΛࣸ͢
ؔܕϓϩάϥϛϯάίϯϐϡʔλͰͳ͘ܭࢉʹযΛͯΔ
ܭࢉʹযΛͯΔʹɺࣜʹΑͬͯܭࢉΛߏ͢Δ
ࣜʹΑͬͯܭࢉΛʮએݴʯ͢ΔͷͰɺએݴతʹͳΔ
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վΊͯɺԿΛݴͬͯΔͷ͔
• ϓϩάϥϜΛʮܭࢉػͷ໋ྩʯͰͳ͘ʮؔΛద༻ͯ͠ΛಘΔܭࢉʯͷఆٛͱଊ͑Δ
• ؔ GɺΛࣸ͢ͷ
• ͲΜͳू߹͔ΒͲΜͳू߹ʹࣸ͞ΕΔ͔ɻͦͷू߹ΛܕͰදݱ͢Δ
• ू߹ͷදݱɺͭ·ΓʮܕͱܕΛΈ߹ΘͤͨߏԽʯ͕Γྑ͘Ͱ͖ΕɺϓϩάϥϜ͕ݎ࿚ʹͳΔ
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ؔʹΑΔঢ়ଶભҠͷදݱ
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ؔʹΑΔঢ়ଶભҠͷهड़
͋Δঢ়ଶ Tʹؔ GΛద༻ͯ͠ɺผͷঢ়ଶ TΛಘΔ
// 顧客をアーカイブ状態にする
export const archiveCustomer = (customer: Customer): Customer => ({
...customer,
archived: true,
}))
5ZQF4DSJQU
𝑠 𝑠′
𝑓
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customer.archive()
5ZQF4DSJQU
const archived = archiveCustomer(customer)
5ZQF4DSJQU
• ໋ྩతʹॻ͘
– ΦϒδΣΫτͷ෦ঢ়ଶΛॻ͖͑Δ໋ྩΛߦ͏͜ͱͰɺঢ়ଶΛมԽͤ͞Δ
– ঢ়ଶͷมԽ͕҉త
• ؔతʹॻ͘
– ҾͷΦϒδΣΫτʹؔΛద༻ͯ͠ɺঢ়ଶભҠޙͷΦϒδΣΫτΛಘΔ
– ભҠલͷঢ়ଶඞͣҾʹݱΕɺભҠޙͷঢ়ଶΓʹݱΕΔɻঢ়ଶมԽ͕໌ࣔత
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8FCΞϓϦέʔγϣϯͱ *0
• 8FCΞϓϦέʔγϣϯ։ൃͷଟ͘ͷ෦ɺίϯϐϡʔλ ֎ք
ͱͷΓͱΓ
– σʔλϕʔε͔ΒσʔλΛऔಘͯ͠ *0
– 8FC"1*Λίʔϧͯ͠ *0
– ʹग़ྗ͢Δ *0
– *0ίϯϐϡʔλͷ໋ྩͳͷͰɺ໋ྩతʹهड़͢Δͷࣗવ
ͰΞϓϦέʔγϣϯ͕େ͖͘ͳͬͯ͘Δͱʜ
IO -> ܭࢉ (ۀϩδοΫɺঢ়ଶભҠ) -> IO
ͷਅΜதͷ෦͕େ͖͘ɺෳࡶʹͳ͖ͬͯ·ͤΜ͔
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update : Msg -> Model -> ( Model, Cmd Msg )
update msg model =
case msg of
ToggleLike ->
( { model | photo = Maybe.map toggleLike model.photo }, Cmd.none )
UpdateComment comment ->
( { model | photo = Maybe.map (updateComment comment) model.photo }, Cmd.none )
SaveComment ->
( { model | photo = Maybe.map saveNewComment model.photo }, Cmd.none )
LoadFeed (Ok photo) ->
( { model | photo = Just photo }, Cmd.none )
LoadFeed (Err _) ->
( model, Cmd.none )
࠶ܝ
&MN
&MN
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model -> model'
model -> model' model -> model'
ΠϕϯτΛܖػʹঢ়ଶ͕ભҠ͢Δ ŋŋŋ ࣌ܥྻʹج͍ͮͨ໌ࣔతͳঢ়ଶભҠ
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ঢ়ଶભҠͷؔ
ϥϯλΠϜϑ
ϨʔϜϫʔΫ
イベント
コマンド
Πϕϯτʹ͍ؔͰঢ়ଶΛભҠͤͯ͞ɺ͋ͱϑϨʔϜϫʔΫϥϯλΠϜʹͤΔ
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*0 ঢ়ଶભҠ *0
model -> model'
*0
JOQVUMPBE
*0
PVUQVU
*0ͱΓͤɺ͜͜Λίϯϐϡʔλ
ͷ໋ྩͰͳ͘ɺʮܭࢉʯͱͯ͠એ
ݴ͢Δ͜ͱͰ͖Δɻ͜͜ͷঢ়ଶཧ
Λ͍͍ײ͡ʹͰ͖Ε
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https://www.slideshare.net/ScottWlaschin/reinventing-the-transaction-script-ndc-london-2020
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ΦχΦϯΞʔΩςΫνϟ ͳͲ
Ͱಘ͍ͨ͜ͱ
• ςελϏϦςΟ্͕͢Δ ෦ΛೖΕସ͑ՄೳʹͳΔ
– ͦΕͦ͏ɻͰɺ෭࣍తͳͷͰ͋ͬͯओతͰͳ͍
• ۀϩδοΫΛ *0͔ΒΓ͠ɺܭࢉػͷ໋ྩͰͳ͘७ਮͳϩδοΫ ܭࢉ
ͱͯ͠ߟ
͑ΒΕΔΑ͏ʹ͍ͨ͠
– ৭ʑͳύϥμΠϜΛద༻Ͱ͖ΔՄೳੑ͕ੜ·ΕΔ
• ΦϒδΣΫτࢦͰྑ͍͠ɺखଓܕͰྑ͍͠ɺؔܕϓϩάϥϛϯάͰྑ͍
• ͏ͪɺએݴతʹঢ়ଶཧ͢Δͷɺ ݱ࣌Ͱ
ྑ͍ϓϥΫςΟεͰͳ͍͔ ˡ ࠓ͜͜
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3FBDUɺ&MNFUDʜݱͷϑϩϯτΤϯυ։ൃ
• એݴతϓϩάϥϛϯά
– ʮ෦ঢ়ଶΛॻ͖͑ΔʯͷͰͳ͘ʮঢ়ଶ͔Βঢ়ଶભҠͤ͞Δɻ࣍ͷঢ়ଶࣸ͢ʯ
– ϑϩϯτΤϯυͷঢ়ଶཧΛ %0.͔Β͠ʮঢ়ଶΛॻ͖͑Δʯͱ͍͏໋ྩͰͳ͘ʮঢ়ଶ͕࣍ͷঢ়ଶʹભ
Ҡ͢Δʯͱ͍͏ࣜͩͱଊ͑ͨ͠
– ঢ়ଶભҠΛએݴతʹهड़͢Δ͜ͱʹΑΓɺ҉తͳঢ়ଶΛҙࣝͤͣʹΞϓϦέʔγϣϯΛهड़Ͱ͖ΔΑ͏ʹͳͬ
ͨ
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ͩΜͩΜɺϝϯλϧϞσϧ͕Ξοϓσʔτ͞Ε͖ͯͨͰ͠ΐ͏͔
𝑓
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ઢ
จΛ͏ͱ͔ͦ͜ΒҶͮΔࣜతʹ໋ྩܕʹͳΔ
• )BTLFMMͷ forM_ ࣜ ··· for จΈ͍ͨͳͷ (※࣮ࡍจͰͳ͘ϢχοτܕΛฦࣜ͢)
– ϛϡʔλϒϧͳྻΛॻ͖͑ͨΓɺܭࢉػͱೖग़ྗ͢Δͱ͖ʹ͏
– ܭࢉػͷ໋ྩతͳࣜͳͷͰΓ͕ͳ͍
– ͳ͓ )BTLFMM͔ͩΒͱ໋͍ͬͯྩతʹॻ͚ͳ͍Θ͚Ͱͳ͍͠ɺ໋ྩతʹهड़͢Δํ͕ྑ͍߹Α͋͘Δ
main = do
arr <- newListArray @IOArray (1, 10) [1 .. 10]
forM_ [1 .. 10] $ ¥i -> do
x <- readArray arr i
writeArray arr i (x * 2)
forM_ [1 .. 10] $ ¥i -> do
readArray arr i >>= print
)BTLFMM
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ಉ͡తͷσʔλߏͷΠϛϡʔλϒϧ൛ɺϛϡʔλϒϧ൛Λ͏ൺֱ
main = do
[n, m] <- getInts
uvs <- replicateM m getTuple
let uf0 = newUF (0, n - 1)
-- 関数 f により uf を次の状態に遷移させる
let (_, xs) = mapAccumL f uf0 uvs
where
f uf (u, v) =
let same = isSame uf u v
in if same then (uf, same) else (unite uf u v, same)
…
-- 状態の表現にイミュータブルなデータ構造
data UnionFind = UnionFind
{ parent :: IM.IntMap Int,
size :: IM.IntMap Int
}
deriving (Show)
)BTLFMM
-- 状態の表現にミュータブルな配列
data UnionFind a v
= UnionFind
(a v v)
(IOUArray v Int)
)BTLFMM
main = do
[n, m] <- getInts
uvs <- replicateM m getTuple
uf <- newUF @IOUArray (0, n - 1) (-1)
forM_ uvs $ ¥(u, v) -> do
same <- isSame uf u v
-- データ構造 uf に作用を起こして内部状態を変える
unless same $ do
unite uf u ϛϡʔλϒϧͳσʔλߏΛ͏ͱ
Λ͞ͳ͍ͷͰɺ੍ޚߏؚΊࣗવ
ͱ໋ྩܕͷ࣮ʹͳΔ
ͪͳΈʹࢲ 6OJPO'JOEͪ͜ΒΛ
ৗ༻ͯ͠·͢
ؔͷΓ͕࣍ͷঢ়ଶͷσʔλߏ
ͳͷͰɺΓΛҾ͖ճؔ͢ܕతͳ
࣮ʹͳΔ
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࠶ܝ
ઌͷਤԿΛݴͬͯΔͷ͔
• ϓϩάϥϜΛʮܭࢉػͷ໋ྩʯͰͳ͘ʮؔΛద༻ͯ͠ΛಘΔܭࢉʯͷఆٛͱଊ͑Δ
• ؔ GɺΛࣸ͢ͷ
• ͲΜͳू߹͔ΒͲΜͳू߹ʹࣸ͞ΕΔ͔ɻͦͷू߹ΛܕͰදݱ͢Δ
• ू߹ͷදݱɺͭ·ΓʮܕͱܕΛΈ߹ΘͤͨߏԽʯ͕Γྑ͘Ͱ͖ΕɺϓϩάϥϜ͕ݎ࿚ʹͳΔ
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ܕΛू߹ΛͱΒ͑Δ
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ؔΛม͢Δɾࣸ͢ͷͱ͍͏ݟํ͕Ͱ͖Δ͜ͱ͕Θ͔ͬͨ
ͦΕΛલఏʹɺ͕࣍ଐ͢ΔྖҬʹ͍ͭͯߟ͑ͯΈ·͢
𝑓
͜͜ ೖྗɺҾ
ͱʜ
͜͜ ΓɺҾ
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𝑓
ͱ͋Δू߹4 ·ͨଞͷू߹4
͋Δू߹ʹଐ͢ΔΛɺؔ GʹΑΓɺ·ͨଞͷू߹ʹଐ͢Δʹࣸ͢
͜Ε͕ͲΜͳू߹͔هड़͢Δͷ͕ʮܕʯ
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͍͜͠ͱͳ͘ɺීஈॻ͍͍ͯΔܕΛͲ͏ΈΔ ͱ͍͏
• ϨΠϠʔࢹͰʮϏοτྻͷσʔλΛιϑτΣΞʹͲ͏ղऍͤ͞Δ͔ʯҙຯ͚͢Δͷ͕ܕ
• ผͷϝϯλϧϞσϧ uuuؔͷࢹͰݟΔͱʮܕू߹ʯͱଊ͑ΒΕΔ
– ʮTUSJOHͷू߹ʹଐ͢ΔΛ OVNCFSͷू߹ʹଐ͢Δʹࣸ͢ʯ
– ʮ͜ͷؔͷఆٛҬ TUSJOHͰɺҬ͕ OVNCFSʯ
function parseHex(str: string): number {
return parseInt(str, 16);
}
5ZQF4DSJQU
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No content
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ʮ5ZQF4DSJQUʹ͓͚Δܕͷू߹ੑͱ֊ੑʯΑΓҾ༻
https://zenn.dev/estra/articles/typescript-type-set-hierarchy
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• ʮܕɺޓ͍ʹؔ࿈͢Δͷू߹Ͱ͢ʯ ϓϩάϥϛϯά )BTLFMM
• ʮܕ UZQF
͋Δ͍σʔλܕ EBUBUZQF
ͱɺσʔλ͕ͲͷΑ͏ͳੑ࣭ͷू߹ʹଐ͢Δ
͔Λࣔ͢ͷͰ͢ʯ ؔܕϓϩάϥϛϯά࣮ફೖ
• ʮ Մೳͳૢ࡞ԋࢉͳͲͷମܥͳͲ͕
ڞ௨͍ͯ͠Δͷू߹͕ܕͰ͋ΓɺͦΕͧΕͷ
ෳͷू߹ ܕ
ʹଐ͢͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖Δʯ 5ZQF4DSJQUʹ͓͚Δܕͷू߹ੑͱ֊ੑ
• ʮܕॲཧͷຬ͖ͨ͢ੑ࣭Λڧ͘ҙຯ͚͢ΔͨΊʹ͏͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖ɺʮϓϩάϥϜ
ͷਖ਼͠͞ʯΛอূ͢ΔͨΊͷॏཁͳϑΝΫλʔͰ͢ʯ
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ܕίϯύΠϥͳͲͷιϑτΣΞ πʔϧ
͕ཧղͰ͖Δ
• ͷऔΓ͏ΔൣғΛΑΓݫີʹએݴͰ͖ΕίϯύΠϧஈ֊Ͱ͕ͦͷൣғʹऩ·Δ͜ͱ͕อূͰ͖Δ
• ͭ·ΓΞϓϦέʔγϣϯΛ࣮ࡍʹಈ࡞ͤ͞ͳͯ͘ɺ͋Γ͑ͳ͍ঢ়ଶ͕࡞ΒΕͳ͍͜ͱΛอূͰ͖Δ
• ܕใΛ৭ʑͳπʔϧνΣΠϯ͕ಡΈऔͬͯɺ։ൃऀମݧΛվળ͍ͯ͠Δ
TypeScript Origins: The Documentary
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U6s2pdxebSo
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ܕΛͲ͏ߟ͑Δ͔
• ιϑτΣΞ ίϯύΠϥπʔϧνΣΠϯ
ʹϓϩάϥϜߏͷใΛ༩͑Δͷ
• ؔ GͷఆٛҬͱҬͷऔΓ͏ΔൣғΛܾΊΔͷ
ʮޙऀͰߟ͑ͯܕΛॻ͍ͨ݁ՌɺલऀʹΑͬͯϓϩάϥϜ͕ݎ࿚ʹͳΓ։ൃऀମݧΑ͘ͳΔͷʯͱ͍
͏ͷ͕ࢲͷϏϡʔ
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export function toColor(value: string): Result {
return /^#[0-9a-f]{3}([0-9a-f]{3})?$/i.test(value)
? ok(value as Color)
: err(new ValidationError('⾊の値が不正です。#FFFFFF形式で指定してください'))
}
5ZQF4DSJQU
ܕߏԽ͢Δ͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖Δ
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ܕͱܕΛΈ߹ΘͤΔ uuu 03
Λ͏
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తσʔλܕ
• )BTLFMMͳͲͷݴޠͰ৽͍͠σʔλߏΛఆٛ͢ΔͷʹతσʔλܕͰදݱ͢Δ
• ܕΛΈ߹ΘͤΔͷʹཧੵ "/%
͚ͩͰͳ͘ ཧ 03
͕͑Δ
data Bool = True | False
data Maybe a = Nothing | Just a
)BTLFMM
)BTLFMM
data UnionFind = UnionFind { parent :: IM.IntMap Int, size :: IM.IntMap Int }
)BTLFMM
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ܕͷΈ߹Θͤʹʮ 03
ʯ͕͑Δ
• ৽͍͠σʔλߏͷܗΛએݴ͢Δखஈ֤ݴޠ༷ʑͰ͋Δ͕ɺ͔ͭͯଟ͘ͷݴޠͰੵ "/%
ͰΈ߹
ΘͤΔͷ͕ओͳํ๏ͩͬͨ
– TUSVDU DMBTTͳͲϨίʔυܕʹΑΔϓϩύςΟͷΈ߹Θͤ "/%
• "/%͚ͩͰܕͱܕΛΈ߹ΘͤΔͱɺෆࣗવͳ֊ෆඞཁͳͷΈ߹Θ͕ͤൃੜ͍͢͠
– ੵͷ֊ߏ uuuྫ͑ DMBTTʹΑΔ֊ߏ
data Bool = True | False
)BTLFMM
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export interface ReservationHolder {
kind: 'ReservationHolder'
name: string
nameKana: string | null
phoneNumber: PhoneNumber
email: EmailAddress | null
}
export interface Visitor {
kind: 'Visitor'
name: string
nameKana: string | null
phoneNumber: PhoneNumber
}
interface HolderAndVisitor {
kind: 'HolderAndVisitor'
holder: ReservationHolder
visitor: Visitor
}
interface HolderOnly {
kind: 'HolderOnly'
holder: ReservationHolder
}
interface VisitorOnly {
kind: 'VisitorOnly'
visitor: Visitor
}
export type ReservationGuest = HolderAndVisitor | HolderOnly | VisitorOnly
5ZQF4DSJQU
ߏ͕ҟͳΔͷΛʮ·ͨ
03
ʯͰΈ߹ΘͤΔ
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ੵ "/%
͚ͩͰܕͱܕΛΈ߹Θ͍ͤͯ͘ͱ֊͕ඞཁʹͳΔ
• ੵ͚ͩͰʮࣅ͍ͯΔ͕গ͠ߏ͕ҧ͏ͷʯΛμϒΓͳ͘·ͱΊΔͷʹ֊͕ඞཁʹͳΔ
• ࣅ͍ͯΔߏΛநग़ͯ͠ʹ͢Δ uuu҆қʹΔͱʮܧঝʹΑΔࠩϓϩάϥϛϯάʯʹͳͬͯ͠·͏
• ͕͋Δ͜ͱͰʮ֊ʹ͢Δ͔ɺฒΔ͔ʯॊೈͳΈ߹Θ͕ͤՄೳʹͳΔ
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l.BLJOHJMMFHBMTUBUFTVOSFQSFTFOUBCMFz
interface User {
memberId: MemberId | undefined
guestId: GuestId | undefined
}
interface Member {
userId: MemberId
}
interface Guest {
guestId: GuestId
}
type User = Member | Guest
औΓಘΔͷछྨ֤ଐੑͷੵʹͳΔ ੵ
Y
ɾ྆ํ VOEFGJOFE
ɾ྆ํͷ͕ຒ·Δ
ͱ͍͏্༷͋Γಘͳ͍ঢ়ଶ͕ੜ·ΕΔ
औΓಘΔछྨ֤ଐੑͷ
্༷͋Γಘͳ͍ঢ়ଶදݱ͠ͳ͍
ˠ ͦͯ͠ίϯύΠϥ͕ͦΕΛཧղ͢Δ
Ϩίʔυʮ͔ͭ "/%
ʯ ϢχΦϯʮ·ͨ 03
ʯ
5ZQF4DSJQU 5ZQF4DSJQU
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type connection_state =
| Connecting
| Connected
| Disconnected
type connection_info = {
state: connection_state;
server: inet_addr;
last_ping_time: time option;
last_ping_id: int option;
session_id: string option;
when_initiated: time option;
when_disconnected: time option;
}
type connecting = { when_initiated: time; }
type connected = { last_ping : (time * int) option;
session_id: string; }
type disconnected = { when_disconnected: time; }
type connection_state =
| Connecting of connecting
| Connected of connected
| Disconnected of disconnected
type connection_info = {
state: connection_state;
server: inet_addr;
}
「なぜ次に学ぶ言語は関数型であるべきか - YAMAGUCHI::weblog」 より引用
https://ymotongpoo.hatenablog.com/entry/20111105/1320506449
0$BNM 0$BNM
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ͪ͜ΒΑΓŋŋŋ
export class Tag {
state: 'Unvalidated' | 'Validated' | 'Created',
id: TagId | undefined,
groupId: RestaurantGroupId,
label: string,
icon: TagIcon | undefined,
sortOrder: number | undefined,
builtin: boolean | undefined
}
5ZQF4DSJQU
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interface UnvalidatedTag {
kind: 'Unvalidated'
groupId: string
label: string
icon?: { symbol: string; type: TagIconType; color?: string | null | undefined } | null | undefined
}
interface ValidatedTag {
kind: 'Validated'
groupId: RestaurantGroupId
label: string
icon: TagIcon
}
export interface CreatedTag {
kind: 'Created'
id: TagId
groupId: RestaurantGroupId
label: TagLabel
icon: TagIcon
sortOrder: number
builtin: boolean
}
export type Tag = UnvalidatedTag | ValidatedTag | CreatedTag
ͪ͜Βͷํ͕ɺͷΈ߹Θͤύλʔϯ͕গͳ͘ݫີ
5ZQF4DSJQU
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𝑓
• ͋Δঢ়ଶ͔Β͋Δঢ়ଶભҠ͢Δͱ͖ɺͦΕͧΕঢ়ଶ͕औΓ͏Δͷू߹ʹɺෆཁͳঢ়ଶ͕গͳ͚Εগ
ͳ͍΄Ͳؔ Gͷਖ਼͠͞Λ ίϯύΠϥϨϕϧͰ
อূ͢Δ͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖Δ
• ੵͱʹΑΔΈ߹ΘͤʹݶΒͣɺܕγεςϜͷදݱྗ͕ߴ͚Εɺू߹ΛΑΓਖ਼͍͠ͷʹ͢Δ͜
ͱ͕Ͱ͖Δ
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ͰΈ߹Θͤͯߏஙͨ͠ͷɺύλʔϯϚονͰղ
main = do
let someValue :: Maybe String
someValue = ...
case someValue of
Just s -> putStrLn (s ++ ", naoya")
Nothing -> putStrLn "Farewell"
data Maybe a = Nothing | Just a
)BTLFMM
)BTLFMM
+VTU4USJOH͔ /PUIJOHͷͲͪΒ͔
.BZCFܕΛύλʔϯϚονͰղ͢Δ
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5ZQF4DSJQUͰ͍͚·͢
interface Empty {
kind: "Empty"
}
interface Cons {
kind: "Cons"
head: T
tail: List
}
export type List = Empty | Cons
data List a = Empty | Cons a (List a)
5ZQF4DSJQU
)BTLFMM
ϦςϥϧܕͰλάΛ͚͓ͭͯ͘
ϢχΦϯͰΈ߹Θͤͨܕ
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// List への map 関数を実装
type map = (f: (a: T) => U, xs: List) => List
export const map: map = (f, xs) => {
switch (xs.kind) {
case "Empty":
return Empty()
case "Cons":
return Cons(f(xs.head), map(f, xs.tail))
default:
assertNever(xs)
}
}
export function assertNever(_: never): never {
throw new Error()
}
console.log(map(i => i * 2, myList))
5ZQF4DSJQU
λάʹԠͯ͡ղ ϦςϥϧܕͳͷͰͪΌΜͱܕ͕ޮ͘
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(SBQI2-ʹ 6OJPOܕ
• (SBQI2-ʹ 6OJPOܕ͕͋Γɺ্ख͘͏ͱݎ࿚ੑΛߴΊΒΕΔ
• ΫϥΠΞϯτଆͰܕʹԠͨ͡ղ͕Մೳ
query GetSearchResults {
search(contains: "Shakespeare") {
__typename
... on Book {
title
}
... on Author {
name
}
}
}
(SBQI2-
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࣮ࡍͷ8FCΞϓϦέʔγϣϯ։ൃͰͲ͏͍ͯ͠Δ͔ɺҎԼͷεϥΠυΛ͝ཡ͍ͩ͘͞
https://speakerdeck.com/naoya/
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ܕʹΑͬͯจ຺Λදݱ͢Δ ৄࡉׂѪ
• .BZCF 0QUJPOBM
uuuଘࡏ͠ͳ͍͔͠Εͳ͍
• &JUIFS 3FTVMU
uuuࣦഊ͢Δ͔͠Εͳ͍ɻى͜Γ͏Δࣦഊ
• *0uuu෭࡞༻Λ࣋ͭૢ࡞ɺ·ͨ֎քͱͷΠϯλϥΫγϣϯ
• -JTUuuuඇܾఆܭࢉ
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ܕΫϥε uuuܕͷྨͱ֊ ৄࡉׂѪ
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ʢ͓·͚
ؔͷೖग़ྗΛू߹ͱΈͳ͢ͱ͍͏͜ͱ ʜ
• ֶతʹɺू߹ʹԋࢉΛೖΕΔͱʮతߏʯ͕ݱΕΔ
• ܈తͳந uuuϞϊΠυɺ܈ɺɺ uuu
• ͜ΕΛҙ࣮ࣝͯ͠Λ͢ΔͱɺֶํͷநԽʹͭͳ͕Δɻྑ͍ϓϥΫςΟεͷͻͱͭ
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ྫ͑ಈతܭը๏ φοϓβοΫ
ͷ࣮
for (int j = 0; j <= W; ++j) dp[0][j] = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < N; ++i) {
for (int j = 0; j <= W; ++j) {
if (j >= w[i]) dp[i+1][j] = max(dp[i][j-w[i]] + v[i], dp[i][j]);
else dp[i+1][j] = dp[i][j];
}
}
cout << dp[N][W] << endl;
let f (w, v) (wi, vi)
| v == minBound = [(w, v)]
| otherwise = [(w, v), (w + wi, v + vi)]
let dp = accumArrayDP @UArray f max minBound (0, wx) [(0, 0)] wvs
print $ maximum (elems dp)
)BTLFMM
$
ू߹ʹԋࢉͭͱ୯ҐݩΛೖΕΕ %1ʹͳΔΑ͏நԽ͍ͯ͠
Δ %1
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• ΞϧΰϦζϜΛతߏΛҙࣝͯ͠நԽ͢Δɻʮ͜ͷΞϧΰϦζϜ ܭࢉߏ
ʹͲΜͳ݁߹ԋࢉΛೖ
Εͯ͏͔ʯͱ͍͏ΠϯλϑΣʔεͷ͕ؔಘΒΕΔ
• ͲΜͳԋࢉΛೖΕΒΕΔ͔ uuuܕ͕อূ͢Δ ೖΕΒΕΔԋࢉͷू߹Λఆٛ͢Δ
let sections = shakutori (1, n) (s !) (+) (-) 0 (¥acc r -> acc + r <= k)
let s = scanl' (+) 0 xs
let dp = doubling f (+) (10 ^ 5, 10 ^ 18) xs
͠Ό͘ͱΓ๏
μϒϦϯά
ྦྷੵԋࢉ
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𝑓
ͱ͋Δू߹4 ·ͨଞͷू߹4
͋Δू߹ʹଐ͢ΔΛɺؔ GʹΑΓɺ·ͨଞͷू߹ʹଐ͢Δʹࣸ͢
͜Ε͕ͲΜͳू߹͔هड़͢Δͷ͕ʮܕʯ
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࠶ܝ
ਤԿΛݴ͍ͬͯΔ͔
• ϓϩάϥϜΛʮܭࢉػͷ໋ྩʯͰͳ͘ʮؔΛద༻ͯ͠ΛಘΔܭࢉʯͷఆٛͱଊ͑Δ
• ؔ GɺΛࣸ͢ͷ
• ͲΜͳू߹͔ΒͲΜͳू߹ʹࣸ͞ΕΔ͔ɻͦͷू߹ΛܕͰදݱ͢Δ
• ू߹ͷදݱɺͭ·ΓʮܕͱܕΛΈ߹ΘͤͨߏԽʯ͕ΑΓྑ͘Ͱ͖ΕɺϓϩάϥϜ͕ݎ࿚ʹͳΔ
࠷ۙ͜ͷߟ͑Λத৺ʹஔ͍ͯɺϓϩάϥϜઃܭΛ͍ͯ͠·͢
ʮू߹Ͱ͋ΔܕͰઃܭ͠ɺؔͰঢ়ଶΛભҠʯ
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ͲΜͳϓϩάϥϛϯάݴޠͰؔܕͰΨϯΨϯ͍͖ͬͯ͘
• ಄ʹड़ͨ௨Γɺؔܕϓϩάϥϛϯά࠷ڧɺͱ͍͏͍ͯ͠·ͤΜ
• Αͬͯɺࢲݟʮ͍͍͑ʯݴޠͷಛੑʹ߹Θͤ·͠ΐ͏
– )BTLFMMɺ 'ɺ 0$BNMɺ4DBMBͳͲͦ͏͢Δ͜ͱΛલఏʹ࡞ΒΕ͍ͯΔݴޠͳ͍Ͱ͠ΐ͏
– 5ZQF4DSJQUuuuؔܕͱͯ͠ͷଆ໘͋Γ·͕͢ɺγϯλοΫε໘Ͱલஈͷݴޠʹൺֱ͢Δͱෆײ͡·͢ɻ
Ұํ 54ͷܕγεςϜɺ͝ଘͷ௨Γಈతͳಛ͋ΓɺඇৗʹڧྗͰ͢ɻܕू߹ͷϝϯλϧϞσϧͰ্ख
ʹ͍ɺؔܕͷΤοηϯεΛऔΓೖΕͭͭɺ໋ྩతʹॻ͚͍͍໘ͰແཧΛ͠ͳ͍uuu͙Β͍͕ྑ͍όϥ
ϯεͰͳ͍Ͱ͠ΐ͏͔
• ࢲ 3FTVMUܕΛͬͯؔܕدΓͰ͍ͬͯ·͕͢ɺ͍͍ଆ໘͋Γ·͕͢໘ͳ͜ͱ͋Γ·͢
– 3VTUɺ,PUMJOɺ4XJGUuuuܕʹʮ03ʯ૬ͷػೳ͕͋ΓɺܕγεςϜݱతͰ͢ɻͲΜͳελΠϧ͕͍͍͔ɺ
ৄ͘͠ͳ͍ͷͰΘ͔Γ·ͤΜɻ֤ݴޠͳΓͷʮ˓˓ 8BZʯ͕͋Δͱࢥ͍·͢ɺࣝऀʹ͓ฉ͖͍ͩ͘͞
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·ͱΊ
• ؔܕϓϩάϥϛϯάͷݟ͔ΒࣜɺؔɺܕͳͲΛΈͯΈΔͱ໋ྩܕͰଊ͍͑ͯͨ࣌ͱ
গ͠ҧ͏ݟํ͕Ͱ͖·͢
• ʮܭࢉػͷ໋ྩʯͳͷ͔ʮܭࢉʯͳͷ͔
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Slide 74
Slide 74 text
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