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WordPress For The Win!
Juliette Reinders Folmer / @jrf_nl
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#phpworld
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#phpworld
Who Am I?
Self-employed,
Independent
Consultant
Creator
PHPCheatsheets
phpcheatsheets.com
Frequent
Contributor to
Open Source
Projects
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#phpworld
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#phpworld
Themes
Plugins
SEO
Ease of use
Scalability
Support community
Regular updates
Learning curve
Setup costs
Maintenance costs
Hacker target
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#phpworld
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#phpworld
Anatomy of WordPress
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#phpworld
Page
footer
Admin
Bar
Page
content
(loop)
Page
header
(Invisible) HTML
Sidebar
containing
widgets
(Main)
menu
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#phpworld
Admin Bar
(Invisible) HTML
Admin
footer
Admin
Menu
1. Post
types
2. Custom-
izations
3. Extras
Admin
page
(with
dashboard
widgets)
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#phpworld
Anatomy of WordPress
Functionality
Core
Plugins
Themes
Languages
Js Libraries
Content
Post Types
Taxonomies
Widgets
Users
Meta data/custom fields
Options
Shortcodes
OEmbeds
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#phpworld
Hooks
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#phpworld
Hooks
See:
WordPress Codex & Developer Reference
Hooks database: http://adambrown.info/p/wp_hooks
Debug Bar – Action & filter hooks plugin
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#phpworld
Hooking into WP
apply_filter( 'hook_name', 'function_name',
$priority = 10, $accepted_args = 1 );
add_action( 'hook_name', 'function_name',
$priority = 10, $accepted_args = 1 );
add_action( 'hook_name', array( $this, 'method_name' ),
$priority = 10, $accepted_args = 1 );
add_action( 'hook_name',
array( __CLASS__, 'static_method_name' ),
$priority = 10, $accepted_args = 1 );
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#phpworld
Action Hooks Front-end
muplugins
_loaded
plugins
_loaded
setup
_theme
set_current
_user
after_setup
_theme
init wp_loaded
parse
_request
posts
_selection
wp
wp_head the_post wp_meta wp_footer
admin_bar
_menu
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#phpworld
Action Hooks Back-end
muplugins
_loaded
plugins
_loaded
setup
_theme
set_current
_user
after_setup
_theme
init wp_loaded
admin
_menu
admin_init
current
_screen
load-
{page}
posts
_selection
wp
admin
_head
admin_bar
_menu
admin
_notices
the_post
admin
_footer
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#phpworld
Action Hooks Back-end
muplugins
_loaded
plugins
_loaded
setup
_theme
set_current
_user
after_setup
_theme
init wp_loaded
admin
_menu
admin_init
current
_screen
load-
{page}
posts
_selection
wp
admin
_head
admin_bar
_menu
admin
_notices
the_post
admin
_footer
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#phpworld
The Loop
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#phpworld
The Loop
if ( have_posts() ) :
while ( have_posts() ) : the_post();
//
// Post Content here
// the_title()
// the_content()
// the_permalink()
// ...
endwhile;
endif;
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#phpworld
WordPress in Practice
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WordPress in Your Language
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#phpworld
Localized
~60 languages
+ ~30 > 50%
GlotPress
translate.wordpress.org
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wp-config.php
Tips & Tricks
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#phpworld
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#phpworld
Manage Saved Data
/* Change how WP deals with post revisions, trash
and auto-saves */
define( 'WP_POST_REVISIONS', 20 );
define( 'AUTOSAVE_INTERVAL', 60 ); // seconds
define( 'EMPTY_TRASH_DAYS', 30 ); // days
define( 'MEDIA_TRASH', true );
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#phpworld
Performance
/* Enable Compression, concatenation and cache */
define( 'COMPRESS_CSS', true );
define( 'COMPRESS_SCRIPTS', true );
define( 'CONCATENATE_SCRIPTS', true );
define( 'ENFORCE_GZIP', true );
define( 'WP_CACHE', true );
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#phpworld
Multisite
/* Set up WordPress as Multi-site */
define( 'WP_ALLOW_MULTISITE', true );
define( 'NOBLOGREDIRECT', 'http://mywp.com' );
/* After setup - will be provided by WP */
define( 'MULTISITE', true );
define( 'SUBDOMAIN_INSTALL', true );
define( 'DOMAIN_CURRENT_SITE', 'mywp.com' );
define( 'PATH_CURRENT_SITE', '/' );
define( 'SITE_ID_CURRENT_SITE', 1 );
define( 'BLOG_ID_CURRENT_SITE', 1 );
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Custom User Tables
/* Overrule the WP User tables */
define( 'CUSTOM_USER_TABLE',
$table_prefix . 'my_users' );
define( 'CUSTOM_USER_META_TABLE',
$table_prefix . 'my_usermeta' );
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#phpworld
SSL
/* Force secure logins and admin sessions */
define( 'FORCE_SSL_LOGIN', true );
define( 'FORCE_SSL_ADMIN', true );
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#phpworld
PHP Memory Limit
/* Try to increase PHP Memory */
define( 'WP_MEMORY_LIMIT', '128M' );
/* Potentially increase it even more in the
admin area */
define( 'WP_MAX_MEMORY_LIMIT', '256M' );
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#phpworld
No File Editing
/* Disable Plugin and Theme Update and Installation
and/or plugin/theme editor */
define( 'DISALLOW_FILE_EDIT', true );
define( 'DISALLOW_FILE_MODS', true );
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#phpworld
Limit External URL Access
/* Block WP from making external calls */
define( 'WP_HTTP_BLOCK_EXTERNAL', true );
/* Limit allowed external hosts */
define( 'WP_ACCESSIBLE_HOSTS',
'api.wordpress.org,*.github.com' );
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#phpworld
Custom Directory Paths [1]
/* Overrule some directory and url paths.
Mind: no traling slashes! */
define( 'WP_CONTENT_DIR',
dirname( __FILE__ ) . '/blog/wp-content' );
define( 'WP_CONTENT_URL',
'http://mywp.com/blog/wp-content' );
define( 'UPLOADS',
'blog/wp-content/uploads' );
// Relative to ABSPATH
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#phpworld
Custom Directory Paths [2]
/* Overrule some directory and url paths.
Mind: no traling slashes! */
define( 'WP_PLUGIN_DIR',
dirname( __FILE__ ) . '/blog/wp-content/plugins' );
define( 'WP_PLUGIN_URL',
'http://mywp.com/blog/wp-content/plugins' );
define( 'WPMU_PLUGIN_DIR',
dirname( __FILE__ ) . '/blog/wp-content/mu-plugins' );
define( 'WPMU_PLUGIN_URL',
'http://mywp.com/blog/wp-content/mu-plugins');
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#phpworld
Adjust Auto-Updating
/* Disable the auto-updater (WP 3.7+) */
define( 'AUTOMATIC_UPDATER_DISABLED', true );
/* Use true/false to change the default behavior */
define( 'WP_AUTO_UPDATE_CORE', 'minor' );
/* Prevent the table upgrade function being run in
favor of manually running it */
define( 'DO_NOT_UPGRADE_GLOBAL_TABLES', true );
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#phpworld
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#phpworld
FTP Credentials
/* FTP settings */
define( 'FTP_HOST', 'hostname:port' );
define( 'FTP_USER', 'username' );
define( 'FTP_PASS', 'password' );
define( 'FTP_SSL', true );
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#phpworld
Debugging
/* Enable debugging */
define( 'WP_DEBUG', true);
define( 'WP_DEBUG_DISPLAY', true);
/* Error logging to /wp-content/debug.log */
define( 'WP_DEBUG_LOG', true);
/* Load non-minified versions of all scripts, css,
disables compression and concatenation */
define( 'SCRIPT_DEBUG', true);
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#phpworld
Basic Query Debugging
/* Remember the DB queries run for the current
page. */
define( 'SAVEQUERIES', true );
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WP Cron
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#phpworld
WP Cron
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#phpworld
Adjust WP-Cron
/* Prevent Cron running too often (plugins) */
define( 'WP_CRON_LOCK_TIMEOUT', 60 ); // seconds
/* Run wp-cron with a redirect */
define('ALTERNATE_WP_CRON', true);
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#phpworld
Disable WP-Cron
/* Disable WP-cron in favor of real cron */
define( 'DISABLE_WP_CRON', true );
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#phpworld
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#phpworld
Real Cron with Cron Control
*/5 * * * *
/usr/local/bin/php -q /path/to/wp/wp-content/
plugins/wp-cron-control/wp-cron-control.php
http://mywp.com 38a37a2d5b94bc02ce0472a238d493df
wget -q 'http://mywp.com/wp-cron.php?doing_wp_cron
&38a37a2d5b94bc02ce0472a238d493df'
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Theming Your Site
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#phpworld
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#phpworld
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Child Themes
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#phpworld
Creating a Child Theme
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#phpworld
Child Theme – style.css
/*
Theme Name: Twenty Fifteen Child
Theme URI: http://localhost/
Template: twentyfifteen
Author: Advies en zo
Author URI: http://adviesenzo.nl/
Description: My Child theme
Text Domain: twentyfifteen-child
Version: 1.0.0
*/
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#phpworld
Template
Hierarchy
Source:
http://wphierarchy.com/
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#phpworld
Example singular.php
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Functions.php
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#phpworld
Typical Theme Setup Functions
// Hook 'after_setup_theme'
add_theme_support( 'post-formats', $formats );
add_theme_support( 'post-thumbnails', $post_types );
add_theme_support( 'custom-background', $defaults );
add_theme_support( 'custom-header', $defaults );
add_theme_support( 'automatic-feed-links' ); // RSS
add_theme_support( 'html5', $locations );
add_theme_support( 'title-tag' ); // WP 4.1+
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#phpworld
Typical Theme Setup Functions
// Hook 'init'
register_nav_menus();
// Hook 'widget_init'
register_sidebars();
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#phpworld
Theme Customizer
class MyTheme_Customizer {
public static function register( $customizer ) {
$customizer->add_section( 'my_section', $args );
$customizer->add_setting( 'my_setting', $args );
$customizer->add_control( $id, $args );
}
public static function header_output() {
// Customizer CSS
}
}
add_action( 'customize_register',
array( 'MyTheme_Customizer', 'register' ) );
add_action( 'wp_head',
array( 'MyTheme_Customizer', 'header_output' ) );
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#phpworld
Theme Customizer
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#phpworld
functions.php
function add_qr_code( $content ) {
$url = 'http://api.qrserver.com/v1/create- qr-code/
?size=100x100&data=' .
urlencode( get_the_permalink() );
$esc_alt = the_title_attribute( array(
'before' => 'QR Code for',
'echo' => false ) );
return '
%20.%20')
' . $content;
}
add_filter( 'the_content', 'add_qr_code' );
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#phpworld
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#phpworld
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#phpworld
functions.php
/* Change admin page footer Branding */
function my_admin_footer_text( $left ) {
$left = '%20.%20'/images/AEZ_logobw-
32x32.png'%20)%20.%20')
' . esc_html__( 'Webdevelopment, design and
consultancy:', 'text-domain' ) .
'Advies en zo';
return $left;
}
add_filter( 'admin_footer_text', my_admin_footer_text' );
' . esc_html__( 'Webdevelopment, design and
consultancy:', 'text-domain' ) .
'Advies en zo';
return $left;
}
add_filter( 'admin_footer_text', my_admin_footer_text' );
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Extending WordPress
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#phpworld
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#phpworld
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#phpworld
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#phpworld
Must-use Plugins
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#phpworld
Loading Order
wp-config.php
Must-use plugins
Plugins
• [MS] Network-activated plugins
• Site-activated plugins
Theme
• Child-theme functions.php
• Parent-theme functions.php
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Create a Plugin
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#phpworld
Starting a Plugin
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#phpworld
What Every Plugin Needs
Hook your functionality onto actions and filters
Loading your localization files
Do something
Load CSS
Load JS
Add admin page or add to another admin page
Help information
Activation/ Upgrade routines
Uninstall routines
...
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#phpworld
Add a shortcode
function display_call_to_action( $atts ) {
$atts = shortcode_atts( array(
'user' => 'office', // Default
), $atts, 'calltoaction' );
$user = get_user_by( 'login', $atts['user'] );
$html = '';
if( $user ) {
$html = '';
}
return $html;
}
add_shortcode( 'calltoaction', 'display_call_to_action' );
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#phpworld
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#phpworld
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#phpworld
Add Oembed Provider
// Register Speakerdeck as an oembed provider.
function add_speakerdeck_oembed() {
wp_oembed_add_provider(
// URL format
'`http[s]?://(www\.)?speakerdeck\.com/[^/]*/.*`i',
// Endpoint
'https://speakerdeck.com/oembed.json',
true // Is format a regex ?
);
}
add_action( 'init', 'add_speakerdeck_oembed' );
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#phpworld
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#phpworld
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#phpworld
Add Custom Content Types &
Taxonomies
register_post_type(
$post_type_name, // Post type name. Max of 20 chars.
Uppercase and spaces not allowed.
$args // Arguments for post type.
);
register_taxonomy(
$taxonomy_name, // Taxonomy internal name. Max 32 chars.
Uppercase and spaces not allowed.
array( $post_type_name ), // Post types to register this
taxonomy for.
$args // Arguments for taxonomy.
);
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#phpworld
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#phpworld
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#phpworld
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#phpworld
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#phpworld
Add a Settings Page
register_setting( $option_group, $option_name,
$sanitize_callback );
get/update/delete_option( $option_name );
add_submenu_page( $parent_slug, $page_title, $menu_title,
$capability, $page_slug, $call_back );
add_settings_section( $section_id, $title, $callback,
$page_slug );
add_settings_field( $id, $title, $callback, $page_slug,
$section_id, $args );
settings_fields( $option_group )
do_settings_sections( $page_slug );
do_settings_fields( $page_slug, $section_id );
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#phpworld
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#phpworld
Add a Widget
class My_Widget extends WP_Widget {
// widget actual processes
public function __construct() {}
// outputs the content of the widget
public function widget( $args, $instance ) {}
// outputs the options form on admin
public function form( $instance ) {}
// processes widget options to be saved
public function update( $new_instance, $old_instance ) {}
}
add_action( 'widgets_init',
create_function( '', 'return register_widget( "My_Widget" );' )
);
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#phpworld
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#phpworld
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#phpworld
Enqueue Scripts & Styles
wp_register_style( 'handle',
plugins_url( 'css/style' . $suffix . '.css', __FILE__ ),
array(), VERSION, 'all' );
wp_enqueue_style( 'handle' );
wp_register_script( 'handle',
plugins_url( 'js/file' . $suffix . '.js', __FILE__ ),
array( 'jquery', 'wp-ajax-response' ),
VERSION, true ); // load in footer
wp_enqueue_script( 'handle' );
wp_localize_script( 'handle', 'i18n_js_objectname',
array() );
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#phpworld
(De-)Activation, Upgrade, Uninstall
(De-)Activation:
Upgrading -> save plugin version nr & compare
Uninstall -> uninstall.php file
/* Set up the (de-)activation actions */
register_activation_hook( __FILE__,
array( 'Plugin_Class', 'activate' ) );
register_deactivation_hook( __FILE__,
array( 'Plugin_Class', 'deactivate' ) );
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Doing Things the WordPress Way
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#phpworld
Don’t Reinvent the Wheel
Dashboard
Widgets API
Database API HTTP API
File Header
API
Filesystem
API
Heartbeat API Metadata API Options API Plugin API Quicktags API
REST API * Rewrite API Settings API Shortcode API
Theme
modification
API
Theme
customization
API
Transients API Widgets API
XML-RPC
WordPress API
* Expected in WP 4.4
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#phpworld
Use WP Functions
PHP
mysqli_...()
file_put_contents()
json_encode()
mail()
unserialize()
htmlspecialchars()
add/stripslashes()
strtotime() / date()
http_build_query()
$_SERVER['HTTPS']
...
WP
$wpdb->....()
$wp_filesystem->put_contents()
wp_json_encode()
wp_mail()
maybe_unserialize()
esc_html()
wp_unslash()
mysql2date() / current_time()
add_query_arg()
is_ssl()
...
(I mean it!)
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Developing & Debugging
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#phpworld
Useful Plugins
Debug Bar +
Extensions
Developer Pig Latin
User Switching
Log
Deprecated
Notices
What’s
Running
Demo Data Theme Check RTL Tester
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#phpworld
Tools
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#phpworld
Helpful Infrastructure
WordPress Coding Standards CS
WP Unit Testing Framework
Varying Vagrant Vagrants
WP CLI
Generate WP
WP Gear
WPackagist vs TGMPA
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#phpworld
Photo Credits
WordPress - mkhmarketing (crayons)
http://www.flickr.com/photos/mkhmarketing/8469030267/
Bridge - Glenn Euloth
http://www.flickr.com/photos/eulothg/4956082108/
WordPress - Jenn Vargas
http://www.flickr.com/photos/foreverdigital/2768397344/
Billie Holiday – William P. Gottlieb
http://lcweb2.loc.gov/diglib/ihas/loc.natlib.gottlieb.04251/default.html
Anatomy - Eva di Martino
http://www.pureblacklove.com
Hooks - Raul Lieberwirth
http://www.flickr.com/photos/lanier67/185311136/
Loop - Gabe Kinsman
http://www.flickr.com/photos/auguris/5286612308/
WordPress - Saad Irfan (core, plugins, themes)
http://www.flickr.com/photos/saadirfan/5722057280/
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#phpworld
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Thank You!
Slides: http://speakerdeck.com/jrf
Feedback: https://joind.in/14755
Contact me: @jrf_nl
jrf