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Scale Out Don’t Scale Up WordCamp Maine (May 2014)

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Xiao Yu @HypertextRanch [email protected] xyu.io xyu     Code Wrangler — Automattic

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 

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 Does It Scale?

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 18,600,000,000 Page Views

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 18,600,000,000
 409,000,000 Page Views
 Unique Visitors

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 18,600,000,000
 409,000,000 56,000,000 Page Views
 Unique Visitors
 New Posts

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 18,600,000,000
 409,000,000 56,000,000
 68,000,000 Page Views
 Unique Visitors
 New Posts
 New Comments

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 18,600,000,000
 409,000,000 56,000,000
 68,000,000 5,000 Page Views
 Unique Visitors
 New Posts
 New Comments
 Deploys

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 18,600,000,000
 409,000,000 56,000,000
 68,000,000 5,000
 1 Page Views
 Unique Visitors
 New Posts
 New Comments
 Deploys
 WordPress Multisite

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 https://automattic.com/work-with-us/

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Anatomy of a Request 

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Anatomy of a Request  TCP/IP

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Anatomy of a Request  HTTP TCP/IP

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Anatomy of a Request  HTTP Application TCP/IP

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Anatomy of a Request  HTTP Application Cache TCP/IP

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Anatomy of a Request  HTTP Application Cache TCP/IP

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Anatomy of a Request  HTTP Application Cache Database / Filesystem TCP/IP

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Anatomy of a Request  HTTP Application Cache Database / Filesystem TCP/IP

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Anatomy of a Request  HTTP Application Cache Database / Filesystem TCP/IP

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Anatomy of a Request  HTTP Application Cache Database / Filesystem TCP/IP

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Anatomy of a Request  HTTP Application Cache Database / Filesystem TCP/IP

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Anatomy of a Request  Cache Database / Filesystem Application HTTP TCP/IP

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Anatomy of a Request 

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Time to Scale 

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Time to Scale  

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More Requests / Second

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Ways to Scale Software Hardware Be Faster Do More

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Ways to Scale Software Hardware Be Faster Optimize Bigger Server Do More Async / Multithread More Servers

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Ways to Scale Software Hardware Be Faster Optimize Bigger Server Do More Async / Multithread More Servers

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Ways to Scale Software Hardware Be Faster Optimize Scaling Up Do More Async / Multithread More Servers

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Ways to Scale Software Hardware Be Faster Optimize Scaling Up Do More Async / Multithread Scaling Out

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Ways to Scale Software Hardware Be Faster Optimize Scaling Up Do More Async / Multithread Scaling Out

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Out Not Up 

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Out Not Up 

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Out Not Up - Amazon vCPU Memory (GB) Cost / HR t2.micro 1 1 $0.013

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Out Not Up - Amazon vCPU Memory (GB) Cost / HR t2.micro 1 1 $0.013 c4.8xlarge 36 60 $1.856

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Out Not Up - Amazon vCPU Memory (GB) Cost / HR t2.micro 1 1 $0.013 c4.8xlarge 36 60 $1.856 Δ 36x 60x 142x

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Out Not Up - Digital Ocean Smallest Largest Δ CPU Cores 1 20 20x Memory (GB) 0.5 64 128x Cost / Month $5 $640 128x

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Out Not Up - Amazon t2.micro c4.8xlarge Δ vCPU 1 36 36x Memory (GB) 1 60 60x Cost / HR $0.013 $1.856 142x

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Out Not Up 

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Out Not Up 

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Out Not Up 

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Out Not Up 

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Decoupling & State Cache Database / Filesystem Application HTTP TCP/IP

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Decoupling & State  Cache Database / Filesystem Application HTTP TCP/IP Cache Database / Filesystem Application HTTP TCP/IP

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Decoupling & State State  Stateless
 Application Stateless
 Application

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Stateless
 Application Stateless
 Application Decoupling & State State 

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Stateless
 Application Stateless
 Application Stateless
 Application Decoupling & State State 

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Stateless
 Application Stateless
 Application Stateless
 Application Stateless
 Application Decoupling & State State 

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Stateless
 Application Stateless
 Application Stateless
 Application Stateless
 Application Decoupling & State State 

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Stateless
 Application Stateless
 Application Stateless
 Application Decoupling & State State 

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Decoupling & State Cache Database / Filesystem Application HTTP TCP/IP

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Decoupling & State Cache Database / Filesystem Application HTTP TCP/IP

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HTTP Request Headers GET /2015/ HTTP/1.1
 
 Host: maine.wordcamp.org
 Accept: text/html,…,image/webp,*/*;q=0.8
 Accept-Language: en-US,en;q=0.8
 Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate, sdch
 Cache-Control: max-age=0
 Connection: keep-alive
 User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0…
 Cookie: WordPress_test_cookie=…

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Decoupling & State Cache Database / Filesystem Application HTTP TCP/IP

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Decoupling & State Cache Database / Filesystem PHP & WordPress HTTP TCP/IP

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PHP & WordPress Are Stateless By Default

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PHP & WordPress Are Stateless By Default PHP & WordPress Are Stateless By Default*

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Local Changes and Uploads Must Be Shared

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Local Changes and Uploads Must Be Shared Local Changes and Uploads Must Be Shared

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You Can Break Statelessness

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function initSession() {
 if ( !session_id() ) {
 session_start();
 }
 $_SESSION[ 'my_key' ] = 'value';
 }
 
 add_action( 'init', 'initSession', 1 );

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function initSession() {
 if ( !session_id() ) {
 session_start();
 }
 $_SESSION[ 'my_key' ] = 'value';
 }
 
 add_action( 'init', 'initSession', 1 );

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Use WordPress CRUD APIs Site Data Post Data User Data Short Term Data APIs *_option() *_post_meta() *_user_option()
 *_user_meta() *_transient()

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Use WordPress CRUD APIs Site Data Post Data User Data Short Term Data APIs *_option() *_post_meta() *_user_option()
 *_user_meta() *_transient() Multisite *_site_option() *_site_transient()

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Decoupling & State Cache Database / Filesystem PHP & WordPress HTTP TCP/IP 

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

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Decoupling & State Cache Database / Filesystem Application HTTP TCP/IP

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Memcached

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Decoupling & State Cache Database / Filesystem Application HTTP TCP/IP

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HyperDB

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Decoupling & State Cache Database / Filesystem Application HTTP TCP/IP

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Cache Database / Filesystem Application HTTP TCP/IP 

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Cache Database / Filesystem Application HTTP TCP/IP 

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Cache Database / Filesystem Application HTTP TCP/IP 

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Optimize & Scale Each Layer Individually

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– Ron Swanson “Never half-ass two things.
 Whole-ass one thing.”

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Optimizations Cache Database / Filesystem Application HTTP TCP/IP

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Optimizations

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Optimizations Cache Database / Filesystem Application HTTP TCP/IP

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Optimizations Photon
 WordPress.com Stats Infinite Scroll Jetpack Comments

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Optimizations Cache Database / Filesystem Application HTTP TCP/IP

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Optimizations Related Posts
 Publicize Subscriptions Enhanced Distribution

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Optimizations Cache Database / Filesystem Application HTTP TCP/IP

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Decouple, Optimize, and Scale Out

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Thanks! @HypertextRanch [email protected] xyu.io xyu    