An introduction Effective Snapshot Testing on Android - Speaker Deck

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EFFECTIVE SNAPSHOT TESTING ON ANDROID BY SERGIO SASTRE AN INTRODUCTION TO

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WHAT Snapshot testing is

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Special type of UI tests take a screenshot of it, compare it to its reference we inflate a view, where and

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Snapshot tests Ui tests thousand handful Source: "Building Mobile Apps at scale - 39 Engineering Challenges"

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Snapshot tests Ui tests thousand handful ≈ 1 600 ≈ 500 Source: "Building Mobile Apps at scale - 39 Engineering Challenges"

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Snapshot tests Ui tests thousand handful ≈ 1 600 ≈ 500 ≈ 2 300 ≈ 20 Source: "Building Mobile Apps at scale - 39 Engineering Challenges"

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Snapshot tests Ui tests thousand handful ≈ 1 600 ≈ 500 ≈ 2 300 ≈ 20 ≈ 30 000 ? Source: "Building Mobile Apps at scale - 39 Engineering Challenges"

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Ui tests Snapshot tests Icons made by “Freepik" from "Flaticon" writing speed

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Ui tests Snapshot tests Icons made by “Freepik" from "Flaticon" writing speed

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Ui tests Snapshot tests 5- 10 sec Icons made by “Freepik" from "Flaticon" writing speed

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Ui tests Snapshot tests 5- 10 sec Icons made by “Freepik" from "Flaticon" writing speed

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Ui tests Snapshot tests 5- 10 sec 1 sec < Icons made by “Freepik" from "Flaticon" writing speed

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VS Snapshot   tests User interface tests

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Snapshot   tests User interface tests VS

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Snapshot   tests User interface tests +

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Snapshot   tests User interface tests + (interaction) WHAT

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Snapshot   tests User interface tests + (interaction) WHAT HOW (visuals)

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MOTIVATION Snapshot test to

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Unexpected changes from library updates Spacing, styling, themes… Layout correctness Long text View overlapping Languages (RTL) System font size (HUGE) 1 2 3 visual bugs

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Unexpected changes from library updates Spacing, styling, themes… Layout correctness Long text View overlapping Languages (RTL) System font size (HUGE) 1 2 3 visual bugs

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Unexpected changes from library updates Spacing, styling, themes… Layout correctness Long text View overlapping Languages (RTL) System font size (HUGE) 1 2 3 visual bugs

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Unexpected changes from library updates Spacing, styling, themes… Layout correctness Long text View overlapping Languages (RTL) System font size (HUGE) 1 2 3 visual bugs

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Unexpected changes from library updates Spacing, styling, themes… Layout correctness Long text View overlapping Languages (RTL) System font size (HUGE) 1 2 3 visual bugs

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Unexpected changes from library updates Spacing, styling, themes… Layout correctness Long text View overlapping Languages (RTL) System font size (HUGE) 1 2 3 visual bugs which will expand till the end of the line and …

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Unexpected changes from library updates Spacing, styling, themes… Layout correctness Long text View overlapping Languages (RTL) System font size (HUGE) 1 2 3 visual bugs

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Unexpected changes from library updates Spacing, styling, themes… Layout correctness Long text View overlapping Languages (RTL) System font size (HUGE) 1 2 3 visual bugs

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Unexpected changes from library updates Spacing, styling, themes… Layout correctness Long text View overlapping Languages (RTL) System font size (HUGE) 1 2 3 visual bugs

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Unexpected changes from library updates Spacing, styling, themes… Layout correctness Long text View overlapping Languages (RTL) System font size (HUGE) 1 2 3 visual bugs

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Example

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Layout validation

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Layout validation

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Settings Display Font size System font size > >

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Example

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Example

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Font Size Largest 6,16% Small 8,06% Large 14,22% Default 71,56% TT Source: Android app with 80 000 monthly active users

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Font Size Small 8,06% Default 71,56% TT 20, 38 % Large + Largest Source: Android app with 80 000 monthly active users

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Do not trust Layout validation BUT Manual validation is hard

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1 Snapshot tests Use 2 Automate hard configs Catch regression bugs

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WORKS HOW Snapshot testing

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record AND verify

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write test CI

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record CI

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= CI

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CI new


PR
+

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approve CI

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merge CI

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CI new

 PR
verify

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CI new

PR

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CI new

PR

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CI new

PR

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CI new

 PR
verify

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CI new

PR

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CI new

PR

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CI new

PR

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CI Intentional change forgot to record regression bug YES NO

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CI Emulator config matters D1 DN . . .

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CI Emulator config matters = D1 DN = . . . = OR

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CI Emulator config matters D1 = . . . DN = = OR

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CI Emulator config matters D1 DN . . . = =

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CI Emulator config matters = D1 = = . . . DN OR

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CI Emulator config matters = D1 = = . . . DN OR

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1 2 More complex than standard testing Same emulator config everywhere process Snapshot testing

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How to Snapshot test EFFECTIVELY

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Example

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Example

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Dealing with asynchronicity Choosing test-worthy screen states More views, more prone to flakiness 1 2 3 snapshot testing full screen

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Dealing with asynchronicity Choosing test-worthy screen states More views, more prone to flakiness 1 2 3 snapshot testing full screen

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Dealing with asynchronicity Choosing test-worthy screen states More views, more prone to flakiness 1 2 3 snapshot testing full screen

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Dealing with asynchronicity Choosing test-worthy screen states More views, more prone to flakiness 1 2 3 snapshot testing full screen

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Dealing with asynchronicity Choosing test-worthy screen states More views, more prone to flakiness 1 2 3 snapshot testing full screen

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start small & simple Header Training View Text view to memorise 1 split into smaller testable views

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Header Training View Text view to memorise start small & simple 1 what to test

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Header Training View Text view to memorise start small & simple 1 what to test

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A B start small & simple 1 Identifying view states

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A B start small & simple 1 Identifying view states

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aim to break the layout 2 Identifying unhappy paths

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aim to break the layout 2 Identifying unhappy paths thousand of words to train

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aim to break the layout 2 Identifying unhappy paths thousand of words to train words to train for all 7 languages

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aim to break the layout 2 Identifying unhappy paths thousand of words to train words to train for all 7 languages huge system font size

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aim to break the layout 2 Identifying unhappy paths thousand of words to train words to train for all 7 languages huge system font size narrow screen

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aim to break the layout 2 Identifying unhappy paths thousand of words to train words to train for all 7 languages huge system font size narrow screen

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aim to break the layout 2 Identifying unhappy paths thousand of words to train words to train for all 7 languages huge system font size narrow screen trainingInfo =  TrainingItem ( trainingByLang = wordsToTrainPerLang(999_999) , activeLangs = Language.values().toSet( ) ), TrainingTestItem( fontSize = FontScale.HUGE, viewWidth = ViewWidth.NARROW fun withWordsToTrainUnhappyPath() = )  ) Mock Data

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aim to break the layout 2 Identifying unhappy paths thousand of words to train words to train for all 7 languages huge system font size narrow screen trainingInfo =  TrainingItem ( trainingByLang = wordsToTrainPerLang(999_999) , activeLangs = Language.values().toSet( ) ), TrainingTestItem( fontSize = FontScale.HUGE, viewWidth = ViewWidth.NARROW fun withWordsToTrainUnhappyPath() = )  )

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aim to break the layout 2 Identifying unhappy paths thousand of words to train words to train for all 7 languages huge system font size training   item narrow screen trainingInfo =  TrainingItem ( trainingByLang = wordsToTrainPerLang(999_999) , activeLangs = Language.values().toSet( ) ), TrainingTestItem( fontSize = FontScale.HUGE, viewWidth = ViewWidth.NARROW ) fun withWordsToTrainUnhappyPath() = )  )

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aim to break the layout 2 Identifying unhappy paths thousand of words to train words to train for all 7 languages huge system font size narrow screen trainingInfo =  TrainingItem ( trainingByLang = wordsToTrainPerLang(999_999) , activeLangs = Language.values().toSet( ) ), TrainingTestItem( fontSize = FontScale.HUGE, viewWidth = ViewWidth.NARROW )  ) external fun withWordsToTrainUnhappyPath() =

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aim to break the layout 2 writing the snapshot test with pedrovgs/Shot private fun ScreenshotTest.snapViewHolder(testItem: TrainingTestItem, snapshotName: String){ val activity = FontsizeActivityScenario.launchWith(testItem.fontScale ) .waitForActivity(), val view = waitForView {  val layout = activity.inflate(R.layout.training_row)  TrainingViewHolder(layout).apply { bind ( trainingItem = testItem.trainingItem,  languageClickedListener = null  ) } } compareScreenshot {  holder = view,  widthInPx = testItem.viewWidth.widthInPx , name = snapshotName  } } Test itself

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aim to break the layout 2 writing the snapshot test with pedrovgs/Shot private fun ScreenshotTest.snapViewHolder(testItem: TrainingTestItem, snapshotName: String){ val activity = FontsizeActivityScenario.launchWith(testItem.fontScale ) .waitForActivity(), val view = waitForView {  val layout = activity.inflate(R.layout.training_row)  TrainingViewHolder(layout).apply { bind ( trainingItem = testItem.trainingItem,  languageClickedListener = null  ) } } compareScreenshot {  holder = view,  widthInPx = testItem.viewWidth.widthInPx , name = snapshotName  } }

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aim to break the layout 2 writing the snapshot test with pedrovgs/Shot private fun ScreenshotTest.snapViewHolder(testItem: TrainingTestItem, snapshotName: String){ val activity = FontsizeActivityScenario.launchWith(testItem.fontScale ) .waitForActivity(), val view = waitForView {  val layout = activity.inflate(R.layout.training_row)  TrainingViewHolder(layout).apply { bind ( trainingItem = testItem.trainingItem,  languageClickedListener = null  ) } } compareScreenshot {  holder = view,  widthInPx = testItem.viewWidth.widthInPx , name = snapshotName  } } Wait for   Ui thread   idle + launch   ActivityScenario

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aim to break the layout 2 writing the snapshot test with pedrovgs/Shot private fun ScreenshotTest.snapViewHolder(testItem: TrainingTestItem, snapshotName: String){ val activity = FontsizeActivityScenario.launchWith(testItem.fontScale ) .waitForActivity(), val view = waitForView {  val layout = activity.inflate(R.layout.training_row)  TrainingViewHolder(layout).apply { bind ( trainingItem = testItem.trainingItem,  languageClickedListener = null  ) } } compareScreenshot {  holder = view,  widthInPx = testItem.viewWidth.widthInPx , name = snapshotName  } } Inflate view   & bind data Wait for   Ui thread   idle +

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aim to break the layout 2 writing the snapshot test with pedrovgs/Shot private fun ScreenshotTest.snapViewHolder(testItem: TrainingTestItem, snapshotName: String){ val activity = FontsizeActivityScenario.launchWith(testItem.fontScale ) .waitForActivity(), val view = waitForView {  val layout = activity.inflate(R.layout.training_row)  TrainingViewHolder(layout).apply { bind ( trainingItem = testItem.trainingItem,  languageClickedListener = null  ) } } compareScreenshot {  holder = view,  widthInPx = testItem.viewWidth.widthInPx , name = snapshotName  } } record screenshot

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aim to break the layout 2 writing the snapshot test with pedrovgs/Shot private fun ScreenshotTest.snapViewHolder(testItem: TrainingTestItem, snapshotName: String){ val activity = FontsizeActivityScenario.launchWith(testItem.fontScale ) .waitForActivity(), val view = waitForView {  val layout = activity.inflate(R.layout.training_row)  TrainingViewHolder(layout).apply { bind ( trainingItem = testItem.trainingItem,  languageClickedListener = null  ) } } compareScreenshot {  holder = view,  widthInPx = testItem.viewWidth.widthInPx , name = snapshotName  } }

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aim to break the layout 2 writing the snapshot test with pedrovgs/Shot @RunWith(Parameterized::class)  class TrainingItemUnhappyPath(private val testItem: TrainingTestItem): ScreenshotTest{ companion object {  @JvmStatic  @Parameterized.Parameter s fun testData(): Array = arrayOf ( withWordsToTrainUnhappyPath()  .. . )  } @Test  fun snapTrainingItem(){ snapViewHolder(testItem)  ) } Parameterized   tests

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aim to break the layout 2 writing the snapshot test with pedrovgs/Shot @RunWith(Parameterized::class)  class TrainingItemUnhappyPath(private val testItem: TrainingTestItem): ScreenshotTest{ companion object {  @JvmStatic  @Parameterized.Parameter s fun testData(): Array = arrayOf ( withWordsToTrainUnhappyPath()  .. . )  } @Test  fun snapTrainingItem(){ snapViewHolder(testItem)  ) }

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aim to break the layout 2 writing the snapshot test with pedrovgs/Shot @RunWith(Parameterized::class)  class TrainingItemUnhappyPath(private val testItem: TrainingTestItem): ScreenshotTest{ companion object {  @JvmStatic  @Parameterized.Parameter s fun testData(): Array = arrayOf ( withWordsToTrainUnhappyPath()  .. . )  } @Test  fun snapTrainingItem(){ snapViewHolder(testItem)  ) } set   Runner

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aim to break the layout 2 writing the snapshot test with pedrovgs/Shot @RunWith(Parameterized::class)  class TrainingItemUnhappyPath(private val testItem: TrainingTestItem): ScreenshotTest{ companion object {  @JvmStatic  @Parameterized.Parameter s fun testData(): Array = arrayOf ( withWordsToTrainUnhappyPath()  .. . )  } @Test  fun snapTrainingItem(){ snapViewHolder(testItem)  ) } generate   test data

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aim to break the layout 2 writing the snapshot test with pedrovgs/Shot @RunWith(Parameterized::class)  class TrainingItemUnhappyPath(private val testItem: TrainingTestItem): ScreenshotTest{ companion object {  @JvmStatic  @Parameterized.Parameter s fun testData(): Array = arrayOf ( withWordsToTrainUnhappyPath()  .. . )  } @Test  fun snapTrainingItem(){ snapViewHolder(testItem)  ) } test with   parameter

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aim to break the layout 2 writing the snapshot test with pedrovgs/Shot @RunWith(Parameterized::class)  class TrainingItemUnhappyPath(private val testItem: TrainingTestItem): ScreenshotTest{ companion object {  @JvmStatic  @Parameterized.Parameter s fun testData(): Array = arrayOf ( withWordsToTrainUnhappyPath()  .. . )  } @Test  fun snapTrainingItem(){ snapViewHolder(testItem)  ) }

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aim to break the layout 2 thousand of words to train words to train for all 7 languages huge system font size narrow screen recording unhappy path

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aim to break the layout 2 @RunWith(Parameterized::class)  class TrainingItemUnhappyPath(private val testItem: TrainingTestItem): ScreenshotTest{ companion object {  @JvmStatic  @Parameterized.Parameter s fun testData(): Array = arrayOf ( withWordsToTrainUnhappyPath()  .. . )  } @Test  fun snapTrainingItem(){ snapViewHolder(testItem)  ) } recording happy and unhappy paths

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aim to break the layout 2 @RunWith(Parameterized::class)  class TrainingItemUnhappyPath(private val testItem: TrainingTestItem): ScreenshotTest{ companion object {  @JvmStatic  @Parameterized.Parameter s fun testData(): Array = arrayOf ( withWordsToTrainUnhappyPath(), withWordsToTrainHappyPath()  withoutWordsToTrainUnhappyPath(), withoutWordsToTrainHappyPath( ) )  } @Test  fun snapTrainingItem(){ snapViewHolder(testItem)  ) } recording happy and unhappy paths

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aim to break the layout 2 recording happy and unhappy paths without WordsToTrain HappyPath() with WordsToTrain HappyPath() with WordsToTrain UnhappyPath() without WordsToTrain UnhappyPath()

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group tests by relevance 3

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2’ 100 happy + unhappy group tests by relevance 3 100%

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2’ 4’ 200 100 happy + unhappy group tests by relevance 3 100%

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2’ 4’ 8’ 400 200 100 happy + unhappy group tests by relevance 3 100%

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2’ 4’ 8’ 16’ 800 400 200 100 happy + unhappy group tests by relevance 3 100%

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2’ 4’ 8’ 16’ … 800 400 200 100 happy + unhappy 100% group tests by relevance 3

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2’ 4’ 8’ 16’ 800 400 200 100 group tests by relevance 3 unhappy happy 90 - 100% 5 - 20% …

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2’ … 1’ 3’ 40 80 160 320 6’ unhappy happy 90 - 100% 5 - 20% group tests by relevance 3

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daily builds night build

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night build run happy path tests ONLY catch most important bugs run on every PR daily builds

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night build run happy path tests ONLY catch most important bugs run on every PR run unhappy path tests ONLY catch less important bugs run once a day daily builds

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night build run happy path tests ONLY catch most important bugs run on every PR run unhappy path tests ONLY catch less important bugs run once a day daily builds fast development cycles

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3 unhappy vs. happy path @RunWith(Parameterized::class)  class TrainingItemUnhappyPath(  private val testItem: TrainingTestItem  ): ScreenshotTest{ @Test  fun snapTrainingItem(){ snapViewHolder(testItem)  ) } group tests by relevance companion object {  @JvmStatic  @Parameterized.Parameter s fun testData(): Array = arrayOf ( withWordsToTrainUnhappyPath(), withWordsToTrainHappyPath()  withoutWordsToTrainUnhappyPath(), withoutWordsToTrainHappyPath( ) )  } Filtered parameterized   tests

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3 unhappy vs. happy path @RunWith(Parameterized::class)  class TrainingItemUnhappyPath(  private val testItem: TrainingTestItem  ): ScreenshotTest{ @Test  fun snapTrainingItem(){ snapViewHolder(testItem)  ) } group tests by relevance companion object {  @JvmStatic  @Parameterized.Parameter s fun testData(): Array = arrayOf ( withWordsToTrainUnhappyPath(), withWordsToTrainHappyPath()  withoutWordsToTrainUnhappyPath(), withoutWordsToTrainHappyPath( ) )  }

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3 @RunWith(Parameterized::class)  class TrainingItemUnhappyPath(  private val testItem: TrainingTestItem  ): ScreenshotTest{ @Test  fun snapTrainingItem(){ snapViewHolder(testItem)  ) } group tests by relevance companion object {  @JvmStatic  @Parameterized.Parameter s fun testData(): Array = arrayOf ( withWordsToTrainUnhappyPath(), withWordsToTrainHappyPath()  withoutWordsToTrainUnhappyPath(), withoutWordsToTrainHappyPath( ) )  } unhappy vs. happy path

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3 @RunWith(Parameterized::class)  class TrainingItemUnhappyPath(  private val testItem: TrainingTestItem  ): ScreenshotTest{ @Test  fun snapTrainingItem(){ snapViewHolder(testItem)  ) } group tests by relevance companion object {  @JvmStatic  @Parameterized.Parameter s fun testData(): Array = arrayOf ( withWordsToTrainUnhappyPath(),  withoutWordsToTrainUnhappyPath( ) )  } companion object {  @JvmStatic  @Parameterized.Parameter s fun testData(): Array = arrayOf ( withWordsToTrainHappyPath()  withoutWordsToTrainHappyPath( ) )  } @RunWith(Parameterized::class)  class TrainingItemHappyPath(  private val testItem: TrainingTestItem  ): ScreenshotTest{ @Test  fun snapTrainingItem(){ snapViewHolder(testItem)  ) } unhappy vs. happy path

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3 @RunWith(Parameterized::class)  class TrainingItemUnhappyPath(  private val testItem: TrainingTestItem  ): ScreenshotTest{ @Test  fun snapTrainingItem(){ snapViewHolder(testItem)  ) } group tests by relevance companion object {  @JvmStatic  @Parameterized.Parameter s fun testData(): Array = arrayOf ( withWordsToTrainUnhappyPath(),  withoutWordsToTrainUnhappyPath( ) )  } companion object {  @JvmStatic  @Parameterized.Parameter s fun testData(): Array = arrayOf ( withWordsToTrainHappyPath()  withoutWordsToTrainHappyPath( ) )  } @RunWith(Parameterized::class)  class TrainingItemHappyPath(  private val testItem: TrainingTestItem  ): ScreenshotTest{ @Test  fun snapTrainingItem(){ snapViewHolder(testItem)  ) } unhappy vs. happy path

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3 @RunWith(Parameterized::class)  class TrainingItemUnhappyPath(  private val testItem: TrainingTestItem  ): ScreenshotTest{ @UnhappyPat h @Test  fun snapTrainingItem(){ snapViewHolder(testItem)  ) } group tests by relevance companion object {  @JvmStatic  @Parameterized.Parameter s fun testData(): Array = arrayOf ( withWordsToTrainUnhappyPath(),  withoutWordsToTrainUnhappyPath( ) )  } companion object {  @JvmStatic  @Parameterized.Parameter s fun testData(): Array = arrayOf ( withWordsToTrainHappyPath()  withoutWordsToTrainHappyPath( ) )  } @RunWith(Parameterized::class)  class TrainingItemHappyPath(  private val testItem: TrainingTestItem  ): ScreenshotTest{ @HappyPat h @Test  fun snapTrainingItem(){ snapViewHolder(testItem)  ) } unhappy vs. happy path

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3 @RunWith(Parameterized::class)  class TrainingItemUnhappyPath(  private val testItem: TrainingTestItem  ): ScreenshotTest{ @UnhappyPat h @Test  fun snapTrainingItem(){ snapViewHolder(testItem)  ) } group tests by relevance companion object {  @JvmStatic  @Parameterized.Parameter s fun testData(): Array = arrayOf ( withWordsToTrainUnhappyPath(),  withoutWordsToTrainUnhappyPath( ) )  } companion object {  @JvmStatic  @Parameterized.Parameter s fun testData(): Array = arrayOf ( withWordsToTrainHappyPath()  withoutWordsToTrainHappyPath( ) )  } @RunWith(Parameterized::class)  class TrainingItemHappyPath(  private val testItem: TrainingTestItem  ): ScreenshotTest{ @HappyPat h @Test  fun snapTrainingItem(){ snapViewHolder(testItem)  ) } = path.to.annotation.UnhappyPath -Pandroid.testIntrumentationRunnerArguments.annotation ./gradlew -Precord unhappy vs. happy path

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3 @RunWith(Parameterized::class)  class TrainingItemUnhappyPath(  private val testItem: TrainingTestItem  ): ScreenshotTest{ @UnhappyPat h @Test  fun snapTrainingItem(){ snapViewHolder(testItem)  ) } group tests by relevance companion object {  @JvmStatic  @Parameterized.Parameter s fun testData(): Array = arrayOf ( withWordsToTrainUnhappyPath(),  withoutWordsToTrainUnhappyPath( ) )  } companion object {  @JvmStatic  @Parameterized.Parameter s fun testData(): Array = arrayOf ( withWordsToTrainHappyPath()  withoutWordsToTrainHappyPath( ) )  } @RunWith(Parameterized::class)  class TrainingItemHappyPath(  private val testItem: TrainingTestItem  ): ScreenshotTest{ @HappyPat h @Test  fun snapTrainingItem(){ snapViewHolder(testItem)  ) } = path.to.annotation.HappyPath -Pandroid.testIntrumentationRunnerArguments.annotation ./gradlew -Precord unhappy vs. happy path

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1 Snapshot testing effectively 2 Start small & simple Aim to break the layout 3 Group tests by relevance

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attention for your THANKS

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code blogs @SergioSastre @sergio-sastre @sergio-sastre @Gio_Sastre Sergio Sastre Flórez Lead & Senior Android developer appdev.de