Accessible Websites Made Easy - How To Assess Issues and Create Better Experiences -- Full Day Workshop

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MICHAELA BLACKHAM Accessible Websites Made Easy How to Assess Issues and Create Better Experiences

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Michaela  Blackham FRONT-END DEVELOPER

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@atendesign aten.io

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Work That  Matters

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Work That  Matters

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MICHAELA BLACKHAM Accessible Websites Made Easy How to Assess Issues and Create Better Experiences

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• Name • Role/Title • Organization • What is your biggest struggle your organization’s site has with accessibility? • What are you hoping to get out of today? Introductions

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• Intro • Who need an accessible site? • Accessibility Takes a Full Team • Accessibility Audits Background • Tips and Tricks • Demos and Discussion • bit.ly/2ZrbjEV • Agenda

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MICHAELA BLACKHAM Accessible Websites Made Easy How to Assess Issues and Create Better Experiences

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What is the problem?

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53 million adults live with some form of a disability in the USA — CDC: CENTERS FOR DISEASE CONTROL & PREVENTION

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That’s 1 in every 5 adults in the USA — CDC: CENTERS FOR DISEASE CONTROL & PREVENTION

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What is Accessibility? Easy to obtain, use and understand.

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P O U R

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P: Perceivable O U R

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P: Perceivable O: Operable U R

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P: Perceivable O: Operable U: Understandable R

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P: Perceivable O: Operable U: Understandable R: Robust

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P: Perceivable O: Operable U: Understandable R: Robust

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P: Perceivable O: Operable U: Understandable R: Robust

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P: Perceivable O: Operable U: Understandable R: Robust

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P: Perceivable O: Operable U: Understandable R: Robust

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needs an accessible website? Who

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Everyone

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Everyone beneﬁts from an accessible website.

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There are 4 main categories

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Visual Motor or Physical Auditory Cognitive

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Visual Motor or Physical Auditory Cognitive

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What does this mean? • Someone completely non sighted • Someone with low, obstructed, or constricted vision • My color blind father • Each of our aging grandparents VISUAL

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• Navigation • Visual content • Orientation & boundaries • Contrast & size • Peripheral interaction What should I look for? VISUAL

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• Design • Keyboard navigation • Screen readers How is this solved? VISUAL

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Visual Motor or Physical Auditory Cognitive

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• Someone like my cousin Emily, with a disability from birth • The wounded vet that uses prosthetics • Or even my niece with her broken arm What does this mean? MOTOR OR PHYSICAL

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• Gesture alternatives & sensitivity touches • Reach/orientation on mobile • Non physical navigation What should I look for? MOTOR OR PHYSICAL

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• Keyboard or touch navigation • Speech • Eye trackers, tongue sensitivity clickers etc How is this solved? MOTOR OR PHYSICAL

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Visual Motor or Physical Auditory Cognitive

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• Someone who is completely non hearing • My grandfather who wears a hearing aid What does this mean? AUDITORY

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• Embedded videos • Alternative contact information What should I look for? AUDITORY

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• Closed captioning & transcripts • Alternative communication How is this solved? AUDITORY

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Visual Motor or Physical Auditory Cognitive

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• My cousin Matthew who has down syndrome • The little boy I babysit with autism • Your friend who may have dyslexia • Me with extreme motion sickness What does this mean? COGNITIVE

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• Visual density • Memory gestures • Distracting content • Fonts • Excessive movements What should I look for? COGNITIVE

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• K.I.S.S. • Clear & consistent layouts • Smart color palettes • Controllable interactions • Subtle movements How is this solved? COGNITIVE

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Visual Motor or Physical Auditory Cognitive

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Where are we today?

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Not awful, but not great.

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There are so many devices

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Break

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Where can I start?

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Accessibility takes a full team

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Project managers

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Make accessibility a priority from the beginning PROJECT MANAGERS

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Education PROJECT MANAGERS

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Content creators

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Include meaningful alternative (alt) text for   all visuals CONTENT CREATORS

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• Context is everything • Is this presenting important content? • Does this image have a function? • Be succinct • Do not be redundant • Do not include phrases such as “image of”, “graphic of”, or “logo for” Writing good alt text CONTENT EDITORS

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• Every image should have an alt attribute • Alternative text for images that include text, or icons, should just be the text from the image or what the icon conveys • Complex images (charts, graphs, maps) should describe the outcome of the data within a caption or within the text of the page • Decorative Images should include an empty alt attribute (alt=“”) Writing good alt text CONTENT EDITORS

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Headings to organize structure and content CONTENT CREATORS • Styling should come after the content outline has been created • Thorough yet concise headings • Paragraphs should NEVER be used as headings

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Descriptive link text CONTENT CREATORS • Avoid vague links like “click here” or “learn more” • The purpose of each link can be determined by link text alone

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Provide captions, transcripts and descriptions for media CONTENT CREATORS

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Designers

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Content ﬁrst DESIGNERS

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Be mindful of typography DESIGNERS

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Provide good contrast for colorblindness and low vision DESIGNERS

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Don’t rely on color only, to show distinctions DESIGNERS

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Create clear and intuitive layouts DESIGNERS

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Critique Critique Critique DESIGNERS

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Developers

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Use semantic markup for hierarchy & structure DEVELOPERS

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Pay special attention to markup on forms DEVELOPERS

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Capture content creators needs DEVELOPERS • Alt Text should be available for all images • Images should default to alt=“” if nothing is included CMS • Captions should be available for all images (for complex images) • Include all heading styles in WYSIWYG • Include styles like all uppercase in WYSIWYG

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Enable keyboard navigation DEVELOPERS

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Include ARIA attributes (Accessible Rich Internet Applications) DEVELOPERS

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Quality assurance testers

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Computers aren’t humans QUALITY ASSURANCE TESTERS

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Accessibility Audits

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is an accessibility audit? What

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An accessibility audit is an evaluation of how well your product supports the needs of web users with disabilities.

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is an audit important? Why

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People are afraid of getting sued

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• Boost SEO • Usability • Awareness = Better ROI • Be a decent human being Why is an audit important? ACCESSIBILITY AUDIT

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do I know what to follow? How

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WCAG 2.1 508C

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WCAG 2.1 508C

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WCAG 2.1 508C

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Creating an accessible site is more than just following a checklist.

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is an audit necessary? When

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Client Facing Internal Personal

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Client Facing Internal Personal

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Client Facing Internal Personal

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Client Facing Internal Personal

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does an audit entail? What

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• Guidelines • Passing vs a good experience • Testing • Desktop vs Mobile What do audits entail? ACCESSIBILITY AUDITS

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Testing & Tools

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Automated Manual

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Automated Manual

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• Wave • Lighthouse • PA11Y • Axe Automated Tools TESTING & TOOLS

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• Well known • Website (wave.webaim.org) • Browser extension (for Chrome & Firefox) • Quirk: color contrast Wave TESTING & TOOLS - AUTOMATED TOOLS

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• Integrated within Chrome • Does SEO, performance, accessibility, and best practices • Creates a “report” you can send to whoever needs to review the site • Gives your site a score Lighthouse TESTING & TOOLS - AUTOMATED TOOLS

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Automated Manual

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• Keyboard • Screen Reader Manual Testing TESTING & TOOLS

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• Pass/fail • Actionable items • Focus styling • Logical order Keyboard Testing TESTING & TOOLS - MANUAL TESTING

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• Jaws • NVDA • Voice Over (VO) Screen Readers TESTING & TOOLS - MANUAL TESTING

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• Entire experience • Actionable items • Navigation • Content • Follow your goal Screen Reader Testing TESTING & TOOLS - MANUAL TESTING

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Break

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Tips & Tricks

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Project Managers

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• Get access to Google Analytics • Include who needs to make edits TIPS & TRICKS - PROJECT MANAGERS Project Managers

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Content Editors

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• DO NOT WRITE WORDS IN ALL CAPS • Check hierarchy with the “no styles” option in Wave • Outline extension (Chrome) • Use a screen reader • Read site to someone over the phone Content Editors TIPS & TRICKS - CONTENT EDITORS

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Developers

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• Color contrast checker (Chrome) • Is the site responsive? • Color contrast errors • Text over images • Zoom zoom zoom Developers TIPS & TRICKS - DEVELOPERS

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• Test the “skip to main content” link • Default focus styling • Interact with actionable items • Test with ChromeLens extension to see logical order • Test forward and Backward Keyboard TIPS & TRICKS

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• Set screen reader preferences • V.O. tutorials • Turn your screen off • Turn your mouse over • Test a site you are not familiar with • “Play all” Screen reader TIPS & TRICKS

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• Dates • 1-3 letter words are sometimes read letter by letter • Vague Link text • Get Comfortable • Sometimes its the screen reader’s fault Screen reader TIPS & TRICKS

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Demo

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Let’s Practice!

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Automated

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• What is your score? • What errors did you get? • What other things do you need to check? Google Lighthouse AUTOMATED

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• wave.webaim.org • Styles tab • No Styles (check hierarchy) • Contrast Web AIM - Wave AUTOMATED

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Manual

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• Check on phone • Change size of screen • Use simulator in inspector Responsive MANUAL

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• Double check any color contrast issues from automated tests Color Contrast MANUAL

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Hierarchy MANUAL

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• Focus styling for all interactive elements • Logical order of interactive elements • Skip to main content (if applicable) • Navigate site using nav and drop downs • Usability for carousels & slideshows (if applicable) • Fill out a form (if applicable) • Chromelense Keyboard MANUAL NAVIGATION HELP • Tab (forward) • Shift + Tab (Backward) • Enter/space (select link/button) • Arrow (select options, carousels) • Escape

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Findings

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your heart into it! P.O.U.R

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Thanks! michaela@aten.io Michaela Blackham /