Accessible Websites Made Easy - How To Assess Issues and Create Better Experiences -- Full Day Workshop

Slide 1

Slide 1 text

MICHAELA BLACKHAM Accessible Websites Made Easy How to Assess Issues and Create Better Experiences

Slide 2

Slide 2 text

Michaela  Blackham FRONT-END DEVELOPER

Slide 3

Slide 3 text

@atendesign aten.io

Slide 4

Slide 4 text

Work That  Matters

Slide 5

Slide 5 text

Work That  Matters

Slide 6

Slide 6 text

MICHAELA BLACKHAM Accessible Websites Made Easy How to Assess Issues and Create Better Experiences

Slide 7

Slide 7 text

• Name • Role/Title • Organization • What is your biggest struggle your organization’s site has with accessibility? • What are you hoping to get out of today? Introductions

Slide 8

Slide 8 text

• Intro • Who need an accessible site? • Accessibility Takes a Full Team • Accessibility Audits Background • Tips and Tricks • Demos and Discussion • bit.ly/2ZrbjEV • Agenda

Slide 9

Slide 9 text

MICHAELA BLACKHAM Accessible Websites Made Easy How to Assess Issues and Create Better Experiences

Slide 10

Slide 10 text

No content

Slide 11

Slide 11 text

What is the problem?

Slide 12

Slide 12 text

53 million adults live with some form of a disability in the USA — CDC: CENTERS FOR DISEASE CONTROL & PREVENTION

Slide 13

Slide 13 text

That’s 1 in every 5 adults in the USA — CDC: CENTERS FOR DISEASE CONTROL & PREVENTION

Slide 14

Slide 14 text

What is Accessibility? Easy to obtain, use and understand.

Slide 15

Slide 15 text

P O U R

Slide 16

Slide 16 text

P: Perceivable O U R

Slide 17

Slide 17 text

P: Perceivable O: Operable U R

Slide 18

Slide 18 text

P: Perceivable O: Operable U: Understandable R

Slide 19

Slide 19 text

P: Perceivable O: Operable U: Understandable R: Robust

Slide 20

Slide 20 text

P: Perceivable O: Operable U: Understandable R: Robust

Slide 21

Slide 21 text

P: Perceivable O: Operable U: Understandable R: Robust

Slide 22

Slide 22 text

P: Perceivable O: Operable U: Understandable R: Robust

Slide 23

Slide 23 text

P: Perceivable O: Operable U: Understandable R: Robust

Slide 24

Slide 24 text

needs an accessible website? Who

Slide 25

Slide 25 text

Everyone

Slide 26

Slide 26 text

Everyone beneﬁts from an accessible website.

Slide 27

Slide 27 text

There are 4 main categories

Slide 28

Slide 28 text

Visual Motor or Physical Auditory Cognitive

Slide 29

Slide 29 text

Visual Motor or Physical Auditory Cognitive

Slide 30

Slide 30 text

What does this mean? • Someone completely non sighted • Someone with low, obstructed, or constricted vision • My color blind father • Each of our aging grandparents VISUAL

Slide 31

Slide 31 text

No content

Slide 32

Slide 32 text

No content

Slide 33

Slide 33 text

No content

Slide 34

Slide 34 text

• Navigation • Visual content • Orientation & boundaries • Contrast & size • Peripheral interaction What should I look for? VISUAL

Slide 35

Slide 35 text

• Design • Keyboard navigation • Screen readers How is this solved? VISUAL

Slide 36

Slide 36 text

Visual Motor or Physical Auditory Cognitive

Slide 37

Slide 37 text

• Someone like my cousin Emily, with a disability from birth • The wounded vet that uses prosthetics • Or even my niece with her broken arm What does this mean? MOTOR OR PHYSICAL

Slide 38

Slide 38 text

• Gesture alternatives & sensitivity touches • Reach/orientation on mobile • Non physical navigation What should I look for? MOTOR OR PHYSICAL

Slide 39

Slide 39 text

• Keyboard or touch navigation • Speech • Eye trackers, tongue sensitivity clickers etc How is this solved? MOTOR OR PHYSICAL

Slide 40

Slide 40 text

Visual Motor or Physical Auditory Cognitive

Slide 41

Slide 41 text

• Someone who is completely non hearing • My grandfather who wears a hearing aid What does this mean? AUDITORY

Slide 42

Slide 42 text

• Embedded videos • Alternative contact information What should I look for? AUDITORY

Slide 43

Slide 43 text

• Closed captioning & transcripts • Alternative communication How is this solved? AUDITORY

Slide 44

Slide 44 text

Visual Motor or Physical Auditory Cognitive

Slide 45

Slide 45 text

• My cousin Matthew who has down syndrome • The little boy I babysit with autism • Your friend who may have dyslexia • Me with extreme motion sickness What does this mean? COGNITIVE

Slide 46

Slide 46 text

• Visual density • Memory gestures • Distracting content • Fonts • Excessive movements What should I look for? COGNITIVE

Slide 47

Slide 47 text

• K.I.S.S. • Clear & consistent layouts • Smart color palettes • Controllable interactions • Subtle movements How is this solved? COGNITIVE

Slide 48

Slide 48 text

Visual Motor or Physical Auditory Cognitive

Slide 49

Slide 49 text

Where are we today?

Slide 50

Slide 50 text

Not awful, but not great.

Slide 51

Slide 51 text

There are so many devices

Slide 52

Slide 52 text

Break

Slide 53

Slide 53 text

Where can I start?

Slide 54

Slide 54 text

Accessibility takes a full team

Slide 55

Slide 55 text

Project managers

Slide 56

Slide 56 text

Make accessibility a priority from the beginning PROJECT MANAGERS

Slide 57

Slide 57 text

Education PROJECT MANAGERS

Slide 58

Slide 58 text

Content creators

Slide 59

Slide 59 text

Include meaningful alternative (alt) text for   all visuals CONTENT CREATORS

Slide 60

Slide 60 text

• Context is everything • Is this presenting important content? • Does this image have a function? • Be succinct • Do not be redundant • Do not include phrases such as “image of”, “graphic of”, or “logo for” Writing good alt text CONTENT EDITORS

Slide 61

Slide 61 text

• Every image should have an alt attribute • Alternative text for images that include text, or icons, should just be the text from the image or what the icon conveys • Complex images (charts, graphs, maps) should describe the outcome of the data within a caption or within the text of the page • Decorative Images should include an empty alt attribute (alt=“”) Writing good alt text CONTENT EDITORS

Slide 62

Slide 62 text

No content

Slide 63

Slide 63 text

No content

Slide 64

Slide 64 text

No content

Slide 65

Slide 65 text

Headings to organize structure and content CONTENT CREATORS • Styling should come after the content outline has been created • Thorough yet concise headings • Paragraphs should NEVER be used as headings

Slide 66

Slide 66 text

No content

Slide 67

Slide 67 text

No content

Slide 68

Slide 68 text

Descriptive link text CONTENT CREATORS • Avoid vague links like “click here” or “learn more” • The purpose of each link can be determined by link text alone

Slide 69

Slide 69 text

No content

Slide 70

Slide 70 text

No content

Slide 71

Slide 71 text

Provide captions, transcripts and descriptions for media CONTENT CREATORS

Slide 72

Slide 72 text

Designers

Slide 73

Slide 73 text

Content ﬁrst DESIGNERS

Slide 74

Slide 74 text

Be mindful of typography DESIGNERS

Slide 75

Slide 75 text

Provide good contrast for colorblindness and low vision DESIGNERS

Slide 76

Slide 76 text

No content

Slide 77

Slide 77 text

No content

Slide 78

Slide 78 text

No content

Slide 79

Slide 79 text

No content

Slide 80

Slide 80 text

Don’t rely on color only, to show distinctions DESIGNERS

Slide 81

Slide 81 text

No content

Slide 82

Slide 82 text

No content

Slide 83

Slide 83 text

No content

Slide 84

Slide 84 text

No content

Slide 85

Slide 85 text

Create clear and intuitive layouts DESIGNERS

Slide 86

Slide 86 text

No content

Slide 87

Slide 87 text

Critique Critique Critique DESIGNERS

Slide 88

Slide 88 text

Developers

Slide 89

Slide 89 text

Use semantic markup for hierarchy & structure DEVELOPERS

Slide 90

Slide 90 text

No content

Slide 91

Slide 91 text

Pay special attention to markup on forms DEVELOPERS

Slide 92

Slide 92 text

No content

Slide 93

Slide 93 text

Capture content creators needs DEVELOPERS • Alt Text should be available for all images • Images should default to alt=“” if nothing is included CMS • Captions should be available for all images (for complex images) • Include all heading styles in WYSIWYG • Include styles like all uppercase in WYSIWYG

Slide 94

Slide 94 text

Enable keyboard navigation DEVELOPERS

Slide 95

Slide 95 text

Include ARIA attributes (Accessible Rich Internet Applications) DEVELOPERS

Slide 96

Slide 96 text

Quality assurance testers

Slide 97

Slide 97 text

Computers aren’t humans QUALITY ASSURANCE TESTERS

Slide 98

Slide 98 text

Accessibility Audits

Slide 99

Slide 99 text

is an accessibility audit? What

Slide 100

Slide 100 text

An accessibility audit is an evaluation of how well your product supports the needs of web users with disabilities.

Slide 101

Slide 101 text

is an audit important? Why

Slide 102

Slide 102 text

People are afraid of getting sued

Slide 103

Slide 103 text

• Boost SEO • Usability • Awareness = Better ROI • Be a decent human being Why is an audit important? ACCESSIBILITY AUDIT

Slide 104

Slide 104 text

do I know what to follow? How

Slide 105

Slide 105 text

WCAG 2.1 508C

Slide 106

Slide 106 text

WCAG 2.1 508C

Slide 107

Slide 107 text

WCAG 2.1 508C

Slide 108

Slide 108 text

Creating an accessible site is more than just following a checklist.

Slide 109

Slide 109 text

is an audit necessary? When

Slide 110

Slide 110 text

Client Facing Internal Personal

Slide 111

Slide 111 text

Client Facing Internal Personal

Slide 112

Slide 112 text

Client Facing Internal Personal

Slide 113

Slide 113 text

Client Facing Internal Personal

Slide 114

Slide 114 text

does an audit entail? What

Slide 115

Slide 115 text

• Guidelines • Passing vs a good experience • Testing • Desktop vs Mobile What do audits entail? ACCESSIBILITY AUDITS

Slide 116

Slide 116 text

Testing & Tools

Slide 117

Slide 117 text

Automated Manual

Slide 118

Slide 118 text

Automated Manual

Slide 119

Slide 119 text

• Wave • Lighthouse • PA11Y • Axe Automated Tools TESTING & TOOLS

Slide 120

Slide 120 text

• Well known • Website (wave.webaim.org) • Browser extension (for Chrome & Firefox) • Quirk: color contrast Wave TESTING & TOOLS - AUTOMATED TOOLS

Slide 121

Slide 121 text

No content

Slide 122

Slide 122 text

No content

Slide 123

Slide 123 text

No content

Slide 124

Slide 124 text

• Integrated within Chrome • Does SEO, performance, accessibility, and best practices • Creates a “report” you can send to whoever needs to review the site • Gives your site a score Lighthouse TESTING & TOOLS - AUTOMATED TOOLS

Slide 125

Slide 125 text

No content

Slide 126

Slide 126 text

No content

Slide 127

Slide 127 text

Automated Manual

Slide 128

Slide 128 text

• Keyboard • Screen Reader Manual Testing TESTING & TOOLS

Slide 129

Slide 129 text

• Pass/fail • Actionable items • Focus styling • Logical order Keyboard Testing TESTING & TOOLS - MANUAL TESTING

Slide 130

Slide 130 text

No content

Slide 131

Slide 131 text

No content

Slide 132

Slide 132 text

• Jaws • NVDA • Voice Over (VO) Screen Readers TESTING & TOOLS - MANUAL TESTING

Slide 133

Slide 133 text

• Entire experience • Actionable items • Navigation • Content • Follow your goal Screen Reader Testing TESTING & TOOLS - MANUAL TESTING

Slide 134

Slide 134 text

Break

Slide 135

Slide 135 text

Tips & Tricks

Slide 136

Slide 136 text

Project Managers

Slide 137

Slide 137 text

• Get access to Google Analytics • Include who needs to make edits TIPS & TRICKS - PROJECT MANAGERS Project Managers

Slide 138

Slide 138 text

Content Editors

Slide 139

Slide 139 text

• DO NOT WRITE WORDS IN ALL CAPS • Check hierarchy with the “no styles” option in Wave • Outline extension (Chrome) • Use a screen reader • Read site to someone over the phone Content Editors TIPS & TRICKS - CONTENT EDITORS

Slide 140

Slide 140 text

Developers

Slide 141

Slide 141 text

• Color contrast checker (Chrome) • Is the site responsive? • Color contrast errors • Text over images • Zoom zoom zoom Developers TIPS & TRICKS - DEVELOPERS

Slide 142

Slide 142 text

No content

Slide 143

Slide 143 text

• Test the “skip to main content” link • Default focus styling • Interact with actionable items • Test with ChromeLens extension to see logical order • Test forward and Backward Keyboard TIPS & TRICKS

Slide 144

Slide 144 text

No content

Slide 145

Slide 145 text

No content

Slide 146

Slide 146 text

• Set screen reader preferences • V.O. tutorials • Turn your screen off • Turn your mouse over • Test a site you are not familiar with • “Play all” Screen reader TIPS & TRICKS

Slide 147

Slide 147 text

• Dates • 1-3 letter words are sometimes read letter by letter • Vague Link text • Get Comfortable • Sometimes its the screen reader’s fault Screen reader TIPS & TRICKS

Slide 148

Slide 148 text

Demo

Slide 149

Slide 149 text

Let’s Practice!

Slide 150

Slide 150 text

Automated

Slide 151

Slide 151 text

• What is your score? • What errors did you get? • What other things do you need to check? Google Lighthouse AUTOMATED

Slide 152

Slide 152 text

• wave.webaim.org • Styles tab • No Styles (check hierarchy) • Contrast Web AIM - Wave AUTOMATED

Slide 153

Slide 153 text

Manual

Slide 154

Slide 154 text

• Check on phone • Change size of screen • Use simulator in inspector Responsive MANUAL

Slide 155

Slide 155 text

• Double check any color contrast issues from automated tests Color Contrast MANUAL

Slide 156

Slide 156 text

Hierarchy MANUAL

Slide 157

Slide 157 text

• Focus styling for all interactive elements • Logical order of interactive elements • Skip to main content (if applicable) • Navigate site using nav and drop downs • Usability for carousels & slideshows (if applicable) • Fill out a form (if applicable) • Chromelense Keyboard MANUAL NAVIGATION HELP • Tab (forward) • Shift + Tab (Backward) • Enter/space (select link/button) • Arrow (select options, carousels) • Escape