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Policy Feedback Theory SLIDES

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Ted Lowi

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Policies distribute Benefits Burdens

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Policies create politics “policy feedback” “feed-forward” effects

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Social construction Benefits Burdens Policy design Feedback effects

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POLICY TIME 1 POLICY TIME 2 Feedback effects

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E. E. SCHATTSCHNEIDER The flaw in the pluralist heaven is that the heavenly chorus sings with a strong upper-class accent.

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POLICY TIME 1 POLICY TIME 2 Civic & political engagement Participation in public affairs such as political and policy advocacy Civic capacity Civic engagement skills, time, resources, etc. Resource effects Benefits, payments, and incentives to participate Payments, goods, & services Feedback effects

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POLICY TIME 1 POLICY TIME 2 Civic & political engagement Civic predisposition Perceptions of efficacy, duty, standing, etc. Civic capacity Interpretive effects Statuses, identities, roles Resource effects Payments, goods, & services Rules & procedures Feedback effects

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POLICY TIME 1 POLICY TIME 2 Meaning of citizenship Membership in political “class” Status Identity Feedback effects

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POLICY TIME 1 POLICY TIME 2 Meaning of citizenship Membership in political “class” Status Identity Forms of governance Legitimate domain of government Policy options Feedback effects

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POLICY TIME 1 POLICY TIME 2 Meaning of citizenship Forms of governance Legitimate domain of government Policy options Power of social groups Interest groups Social movements Feedback effects

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POLICY TIME 1 POLICY TIME 2 Meaning of citizenship Forms of governance Power of social groups Interest groups Social movements Political agendas & policy problems Perceptions of target populations Problem definitions Constituents Feedback effects

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How do the resources distributed by policy designs explain different citizen groups’ investment in future politics and policy making? How can citizens’ views about, and participation in, government be explained by their interactions with government agencies? How do the resources and rules of a past policy help explain the relative engagement of different social groups, thereby shaping the design of subsequent policies?

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PUBLIC POLICY THEORY & APPLICATION P A D M N 6 3 2 0