BIG DATA MAKE US WITH SUPERPOWERS: KEEP IT IN MIND WHEN THINKING HOW TO USE IT by SKENDER KOLLCAKU Milan (Italy), 07/2017 

LISTEN TO THE PLANET THAT REVEALS ITSELF “One age cannot be completely understood if all the others are not understood. The song of history can only be sung as a whole.” José Ortega y Gasset "BIG DATA MAKE US WITH SUPER POWERS: KEEP IT IN MIND WHEN THINKING HOW TO USE IT" - BY SKENDER KOLLCAKU 2 

WE LIVE IN INTERESTING, THEREFORE, COMPLEX TIMES Consider the following topics:  A time where one can carry all leak files E. Snowden took from NSA and put it on a card that’s big as a fingernail (and have spare storage!)  Cars drive themselves and public taxis fly (What do you do in the meantime? Web browsing, buy things, call, chat… generating more data!)  Glasses contain computer boards  3D printers can build houses in less than 24 hours  A small bankrupt in a remote place of the continent could cause entire financial systems crash in a few days  Recognition of a human face in the middle of the crowd happens in real time (pattern recognition?)  Ability to predict when a crime might occur  Consult a robot lawyer (virtual assistant) "BIG DATA MAKE US WITH SUPER POWERS: KEEP IT IN MIND WHEN THINKING HOW TO USE IT" - BY SKENDER KOLLCAKU 3 

RESOLVE QUESTIONS, NOT ANALYTICAL TASKS. NUMBERS MEAN PEOPLE 2.7 Zetabytes (270 bytes) of data exist in the digital universe today More than 5 billion people are calling, texting, tweeting and browsing on mobile phones worldwide Facebook stores, accesses, and analyzes more than 30 Petabytes (1015bytes) of user generated data 94% of Hadoop users perform analytics on large volumes of data not possible before In 2015, there were roughly 212 million malaria cases and an estimated 429.000 malaria deaths "BIG DATA MAKE US WITH SUPER POWERS: KEEP IT IN MIND WHEN THINKING HOW TO USE IT" - BY SKENDER KOLLCAKU 4 

KNOW THE UNKNOWN QUESTIONS FROM THE INSIGHTS “The greatest value of a picture is when it forces us to notice what we never expected to see.” John Wilder Tukey "BIG DATA MAKE US WITH SUPER POWERS: KEEP IT IN MIND WHEN THINKING HOW TO USE IT" - BY SKENDER KOLLCAKU 5 

WE SHOULD THINK ABOUT SOCIETY, NOT ONLY ABOUT TECHNOLOGY About Big Data, again:  We will be producing more data every year than in the previous 100,000 years (faster and faster)  Data will be mostly processed by machines, a lot of machines (IoT)  Data will generate more data (think about engines, self-driving cars, sensors, wearables, unstructured data)  New types of data require new interdisciplinary approach (how do you index a personal mood or humor?)  Unfortunately, still no smart use of it (Big Data consumers are mostly business and organizations, people remain passive consumers) "BIG DATA MAKE US WITH SUPER POWERS: KEEP IT IN MIND WHEN THINKING HOW TO USE IT" - BY SKENDER KOLLCAKU 6 

MAKE QUESTIONS BEYOND BUSINESS VALUE CREATION (PATH TO MAXIMUM PROFITABILITY). USE BIG DATA TO SOLVE BIG PROBLEMS, GLOBALLY "BIG DATA MAKE US WITH SUPER POWERS: KEEP IT IN MIND WHEN THINKING HOW TO USE IT" - BY SKENDER KOLLCAKU 7 Humanities (poverty, access to resources, quality of life, ecology…) Sociology (human behavior, society development, immigration…) Social science (relationships, welfare standards, healthcare, happiness…) Rhetoric (communication, decision-making, storytelling) Philosophy (how to predict the unknown in an interconnected planet?) Ethics (personal dignity, privacy, data control…) Context-dependent realities Unknown questions, probabilities… (?) 

BIG DATA SHAPE SMART CITIES  INTER-DISCIPLINARY TEAMS Building smart cities require inter-disciplinary teams (same requirement as for Big Data)  FOCUS ON COMMUNITY-ORIENTED PROJECTS The need to build community-oriented projects to develop and share knowledge about citizens’ problems (health, safety, education, electricity, transportation, utilities…)  DEMOCRATIZE DATA Big technology providers will continue to play a key role in smart urban development, but control of the data generated, should end up in the hands of the citizens it's supposed to be serving "BIG DATA MAKE US WITH SUPER POWERS: KEEP IT IN MIND WHEN THINKING HOW TO USE IT" - BY SKENDER KOLLCAKU 8 

HOW TO LEAD? REINVENT ANYTIME "BIG DATA MAKE US WITH SUPER POWERS: KEEP IT IN MIND WHEN THINKING HOW TO USE IT" - BY SKENDER KOLLCAKU 9 Big Data platforms (Hadoop, Sparks…) are free (RE)SKILL Experiment and fail. Trust more models Make the right questions SOMETIMES DATA IS STUPID AND INTUITION IS WRONG. FOCUS ON INSIGHT Interdisciplinary approach. Democratize knowledge Individual privacy must be paramount «NO HEROS NEEDED». CULTIVATE CULTURE Define the correct context 

LEADERS, BRING THE WORLD’S COMPLEXITY INSIDE THE ORGANIZATIONS Change will continue to accelerate and the resulting social complexity and economic interconnectedness will increase the frequency of unintended consequences and unexpected events. Leaders will need to become comfortable with uncertainty, planning for “unknown unknowns”, and trust sophisticated monitoring engines that leverage Big Data. "BIG DATA MAKE US WITH SUPER POWERS: KEEP IT IN MIND WHEN THINKING HOW TO USE IT" - BY SKENDER KOLLCAKU 10 

…DO LIKE HONEY BEES COLONIES WHEN MAKING A NEW NECTAR SITE DECISION  Leaders will need to become comfortable with managing systems that are inherently unmanageable through the use of crowdsourcing, back-ended operational analytics, and complex adaptive systems.  Use of a few simple local rules, they coordinate what is otherwise a highly a complex and chaotic system to a new stable and optimal equilibrium.  Bottom-up approach to manage complexity and uncertainty. "BIG DATA MAKE US WITH SUPER POWERS: KEEP IT IN MIND WHEN THINKING HOW TO USE IT" - BY SKENDER KOLLCAKU 11 

INNOVATION THROUGH BIG DATA MEANS UNDERSTANDING CHAOS. START WITH ASKING THE RIGHT QUESTIONS (1) Why and how? (2) Make use of collective knowledge (3) Correlate unconventional data sources (4) Exploratory data analysis. Graphical excellence "BIG DATA MAKE US WITH SUPER POWERS: KEEP IT IN MIND WHEN THINKING HOW TO USE IT" - BY SKENDER KOLLCAKU 12 QUESTION: Could a car prevent itself from being stolen? Put sensors and analyze the unique proprietary car driver’s posture and identify cases when he sits… 

HOW DO WE INNOVATE? CREATE PROCESS THROUGH THE WHEEL OF VALUE "BIG DATA MAKE US WITH SUPER POWERS: KEEP IT IN MIND WHEN THINKING HOW TO USE IT" - BY SKENDER KOLLCAKU 13 Test Explore Prototype Automate Measure Improve WHAT? Art Business Government Science Social (context) Magic (guess the future?) HOW? Improved statistical Computational power (keep it accessible and low-cost) Visualization methods Unconventional data sources 

CULTIVATE DATA-DRIVEN CULTURE WHICH IMPACTS AT ANY ORGANIZATIONAL LEVEL Technology (functional innovation) Data (Big Data is better data, new types of data) Process (how do we create value?) Skills (capabilities) Leaders (experience, knowledge, mindset) "BIG DATA MAKE US WITH SUPER POWERS: KEEP IT IN MIND WHEN THINKING HOW TO USE IT" - BY SKENDER KOLLCAKU 14 

DATA TELLS WHO WE ARE "BIG DATA MAKE US WITH SUPER POWERS: KEEP IT IN MIND WHEN THINKING HOW TO USE IT" - BY SKENDER KOLLCAKU 15 People attitudes are often unpredictable How to predict the unknown? How to deal with complexity and chaos? Give computers data and let them figure solutions Computers do not understand human meanings Big picture: what to do with all Big Data? 

MAY WE USE THOSE SUPERPOWERS FOR REAL GOOD REASONS, ONLY. THANK YOU! by SKENDER KOLLCAKU Milan (Italy), 07/2017 "BIG DATA MAKE US WITH SUPER POWERS: KEEP IT IN MIND WHEN THINKING HOW TO USE IT" - BY SKENDER KOLLCAKU 16