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Shootout! Template engines for the JVM Jeroen Reijn | @jreijn | #jfall13

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About me • Architect @ Hippo • Worked on web based platforms since 2001 with PHP, XSLT, JSP, Velocity and Freemarker • Blogger at http://blog.jeroenreijn.com

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Session agenda • General overview • Interesting template engines • Benchmark project • Performance results

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Template engine? • What is a Template ? • What is a Template Engine ? • How many Java Template Engines ? • Java-Source.net : 21 • Wikipedia: 17

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Most commonly used • JSP • Freemarker • Velocity

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Overview

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Selection criteria • Project activity • Framework support • Active Community • Brings added value • IDE support

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Most interesting • Thymeleaf • Mustache • Jade • Scalate

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Thymeleaf

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Overview • Available at http://www.thymeleaf.org/ • Java, DOM based template engine • XML / XHTML / HTML5 • Full Spring MVC integration • ‘Natural templating’

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Natural templating • From Wikipedia: “The template can be a document as valid as the final result, the engine syntax doesn't break the document's structure”

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JSP in browser

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Thymeleaf in browser

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Variables & Loops • Variables ! • Loops

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Fragments • Include fragment ! • Define fragment based on th:fragment

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{{ Mustache }}

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Overview • Available at https://mustache.github.com • “logic-less” because there are no control statements (i.e. if, else, loops, etc) • Tags are specified using {{ }} (looks like a mustache) • Implemented by many languages: Java, Ruby, JavaScript, Python, Erlang, PHP, Objective- C, .NET, C++, Go, ColdFusion, Scala, etc.

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Overview • Java implementations: • JMustache • Mustache.java • Not web specific • Spring MVC integration as an 3th party add-on

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Variables { “greeting” : “Hello”, “message” : “World” } {{greeting}} {{message}} Data Template Hello World Output

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Sections { "repo": [ { "name": "resque" }, { "name": "hub" }, { "name": "rip" }, ] } {{#repo}}
  • {{name}}
    • {{/repo}} Data Template
  • resque
  • hub
  • rip
    • Output

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    Fragments base.mustache:

    Presentations

    {{#presentations}} {{> presentation}} {{/presentations}} ! presentation.mustache:

    {{title}}

    {{startTime}}

    Template

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    Jade

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    Jade • Available at http://jade-lang.com • Node.js Template engine • Java Implementation: Jade4j • Compact notation

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    Syntax

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    Result

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    Variables & Iterations • Variables ! • Iterations

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    Fragments

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    Overview • Available at http://scalate.fusesource.org/ • Scala based Template Engine (ScalaTE) • Templates are compiled as Scala objects • Equivalent to using JSP, JSTL, JSP EL & Tiles / Sitemesh • Integration available for Spring, Play, Lift, ...

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    Template languages • SSP (Scala Server Pages) • SCAML (based on Ruby’s HAML) • Mustache • Jade

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    Scaml • Based on HAML (HTML abstraction markup language) • Integrates Scala code • Well formatted markup • Similar to Jade

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    Variables & Loops ! ! • Fragment support is possible • Inline Scala code

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    Benchmark project

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    Benchmark project • Simple Spring MVC application • Multiple view resolvers • Page that show a list of presentations • Uses page layouts / fragments • Uses i18n where possible

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    Spring MVC

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    public class Presentation { private Long id; private String title; private String speakerName; private String summary; private String room; private Date startTime; private Date endTime; }

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    Project available • Project will be available as open source on github. • https://github.com/jreijn/spring-comparing- template-engines

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    Results!

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    Performance 0,00s 3,57s 7,14s 10,71s 14,29s 17,86s 21,43s 25,00s Total time taken for 25.000 requests (less is better) Thymeleaf - v2.1.0 Jade4j - v0.3.17 Scalate - v1.6.1 Mustache - v1.8 Freemarker - v2.3.19 Velocity - v1.7 JSP - 2.1

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    Findings • Thymeleaf uses more memory and was slower then the commonly used • Scalate was a lot slower due to the layout mechanism. More than 100 seconds for 25.000 requests. • Mustache performs really well!

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    Tips • If you want designers to own your templates consider Mustache or Thymeleaf • If you want developers to own your templates: • If you want to generate HTML / XML and DRY? => Jade • otherwise: JSP, Freemarker, etc

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    Thank you! Questions? @jreijn j.reijn@onehippo.com