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Introduction to Date and Time API HASUNUMA Kenji Vice president, GlassFish Users Group Japan k.hasunuma@coppermine.jp Twitter: @btnrouge November 10, 2012

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Javaʹ͓͚Δ೔෇ɾ࣌ࠁͷѻ͍ JDK 1.1 Ҏ߱ɺຊ࣭తʹ͸มԽͳ͠

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java.util.Date (JDK 1.0) wANSI/ISO Cͱػೳతʹಉ౳ wUTCPSϩʔΧϧλΠϜκʔϯ w೥݄೔࣌෼ඵΛऔಘɾઃఆՄ w೔෇ͱ࣌ࠁΛಉ͡ΫϥεͰද͢

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java.util.Date (JDK 1.1) wࠃࡍԽରԠʜ࣮૷ΛCalendarϕʔεʹஔ ͖׵͑ w೥݄೔࣌෼ඵΛૢ࡞͢Δϝιου ͸͢΂ͯඇਪ঑ˠCalendarͰ୅ସ w೔෇ૢ࡞͸CalendarʹҠߦɺ%BUF͸೔ ࣌Λࢦ͚ࣔͩ͢͠

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java.util.Dateͷ՝୊ wϑΟʔϧυૢ࡞͕໘౗ w ೥ϑΟʔϧυ͕࣮ࡍͷ೥ w ݄͕0͔Β࢝·Δ ݄ˠɺ݄ˠ w೔෇෦ͱ࣌ࠁ෦͕ࠞࡏ͍ͯ͠Δ w೔෇ԋࢉͱϑΥʔϚοτػೳ͕ශऑ

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JSR 310 Date and Time API

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Michael Nascimento Santos Stephen Colebourne Roger Riggs

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JSR 310 : Date and Time API wDateɺCalendarɺDateFormat౳Λஔ͖ ׵͑Δ͜ͱ͕໨త wISO 8601ܗࣜͷ೔෇ɾ࣌ࠁදݱ wImmutable͔ͭεϨουηʔϑͳAPI wઃܭࢥ૝͸Joda-Timeʹࠅࣅ

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Joda-Time JSR 310

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Second System Syndrome

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More simply

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JSR 310 : Date and Time API 2007೥2݄JSR 310ঝೝɺEGൃ଍ 2008೥5݄JavaOne 2008Ͱൃද 2010೥3݄Early Draft Review (1ճ໨) 2012೥10݄Early Draft Review (2ճ໨) 2013೥10݄ Java SE 8ϦϦʔε

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java.util.Date JSR 310 ΦϒδΣΫτ Mutable Immutable ਫ਼౓ ϛϦඵ φϊඵ ϑΟʔϧυR/W Calendarܦ༝ ௚઀αϙʔτ λΠϜκʔϯ αϙʔτ αϙʔτ toString໭Γ஋ Unixܗࣜ ISO 8601ܗࣜ ೔෇ͱ࣌ࠁͷ෼཭ ෆՄ Մೳ ೔෇ԋࢉ ൺֱͷΈ ༷ʑͳ೔෇ԋࢉ ؔ࿈Ϋϥε਺ ਺ݸ ͨ͘͞Μ

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ϝϦοτ w݄1ʙ12 Date, Calendar͸0ʙ11 wtoStringͰISO 8601ܗࣜΛฦ͢ w೔෇ͱ࣌ࠁΛ෼཭͢Δ͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖Δ wଟ༷ͳ೔෇ԋࢉػೳΛ࣋ͭ wεϨουηʔϑͰ͋Δ

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σϝϦοτ w αΠζ͕େ͖͍ Ϋϥε਺͕ଟ͍ 
 ˠJava SE APIͷதͰ΋࠷େڃ w طଘAPIͱͷޓ׵ੑʹ๡͍͠ w ࠓޙͷల։ JPA΍JAXB΁ͷରԠ ͕ෆ໌ྎ w Early Draft Reviewޙ΋සൟͳ࢓༷มߋ

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ࢀߟ: ISO 8601ܗࣜ w ೔෇yyyy-MM-dd • 2012-11-10 w ࣌ࠁhh:mm:ss.SSSZ • 07:30:00.000Z w ೔࣌yyyy-MM-dd’T’HH:mm:ss.SSSZ • 2012-11-10T07:30:00.000Z

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JSR 310 Essentials

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Ϛγϯ޲͚ͷදݱ ಺෦දݱ • Instant • Duration • Clock ਓؒ޲͚ͷදݱ ֎෦දݱ • DateTime • Period • Chronology

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Instant

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Duration

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Clock

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DateTime : ೔෇ɾ࣌ࠁΫϥε • DateTimeΠϯλϑΣʔεͷ࣮૷ • ݱࡏ೔࣌·ͨ͸೚ҙͷ೔͔࣌Βੜ੒ • DateTimeͷԋࢉ(plus/minus)͓Αͼଞͷ DateTime͔Βͷม׵Λαϙʔτ • InstantʹରԠ͢Δਓؒ޲͚දݱ

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DateTimeΠϯλϑΣʔεͷ࣮૷ • LocalDate, LocalTime, LocalDateTime • OffsetDate, OffsetTime, OffsetDateTime • ZonedDateTime • ෆ଍৘ใͷ௥Ճ·ͨ͸༨৒৘ใͷ੾Γࣺ ͯʹΑΓ૬ޓʹม׵Մ

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%BUF 5JNF %BUF5JNF -PDBM ೥݄೔ ! ࣌ࠩ৘ใͳ͠ ! ࣌෼ඵະຬ ࣌ࠩ৘ใͳ͠ ೥݄೔ ࣌෼ඵະຬ ࣌ࠩ৘ใͳ͠ 0⒎TFU ೥݄೔ ! 65$͔Βͷ࣌ࠩ ! ࣌෼ඵະຬ 65$͔Βͷ࣌ࠩ ೥݄೔ ࣌෼ඵະຬ 65$͔Βͷ࣌ࠩ ;POFE /" /" ೥݄೔ ࣌෼ඵະຬ λΠϜκʔϯ

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OffsetDateTime vs. ZonedDateTime wOffsetDateTimeUTC͔Βͷ࣌ࠩ wZonedDateTime࣮ࡍͷλΠϜκʔϯ ˞λΠϜκʔϯʹΑͬͯ͸͕࣌ࠩมಈ͢Δ wՆ࣌ؒಋೖࠃͰ͸ຖ೥ൃੜ wλΠϜκʔϯͷ࣌ࠩͷมߋ

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Period : ظؒΫϥε wظؒΛද͢ ྫϲ݄ͱ೔ͱ࣌ؒ wϑΟʔϧυ௚઀ࢦఆɺͭͷDateTimeɺ Duration͔Βੜ੒ wϑΟʔϧυऔಘɺPeriodͷplus/minusɺ Duration΁ͷม׵ͳͲΛαϙʔτ wDurationʹରԠ͢Δਓؒ޲͚දݱ

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Chronology : ྐྵΫϥε • ChronologyΫϥε:
 ྐྵͷ৘ใΛอ࣋ɺChronoDateΛੜ੒ • ChronoDateΫϥε:
 DateTimeΛϥοϓ֤ͯ͠ʑͷྐྵʹม׵
 ˞࠷৽ͷ࣮૷Ͱ͸ෳ਺Ϋϥεʹ෼ׂ ChronoLocalDateɺChronoOffsetDateTime౳

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ChronologyͷαϒΫϥε • ISOChronology - ISO 8601 ඪ४ • JapaneseChronology࿨ྐྵ ೔ຊ • ThaiBuddhistChronology෹ྐྵ λΠ • MinguoChronologyຽࠃلݩ ୆࿷ • HijrahChronologyΠεϥϜྐྵ

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೔෇ɾ࣌ࠁԋࢉ wDateTimeɺPeriodɺInstantɺDuration͸ ͦΕࣗ਎͕ՃࢉɾݮࢉػೳΛ࣋ͭ wϑΟʔϧυΛද͢Ϋϥεɾྻڍܕ͕֤छ ԋࢉΛఏڙ w Yearˠ͏Δ͏೥൑ఆ w Monthˠ݄ͷ೔਺औಘ w DayOfWeekˠ༵೔औಘ

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ϑΥʔϚοτػೳ wDateTimeFormatter:
 ग़ྗܗࣜΛΧελϚΠζ͢Δ wDateTimeFormatterBuilder͔Βൺֱత؆ ୯ʹDateTimeFormatterΛੜ੒Մೳ wjava.text.DateFormat͸JSR 310Ͱ͸࢖༻ Ͱ͖ͳ͍

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Examples

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ࠓ೔ͷ೔෇ΛऔಘˠEBUF LocalDate date = LocalDate.now();

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೥݄೔ˠEBUF LocalDate date = 
 LocalDate.of(2012, 11, 10);

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ࠓ೔ͷ೔෇ˠE ೔ޙͷ೔෇ˠE LocalDate d1 = LocalDate.now(); LocalDate d2 = d1.plusDays(3);

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ࠓ೔ͷ೔෇ˠEBUF ࠓ೔ͷ࣌෼ˠEBUF5JNF LocalDate date = LocalDate.now(); LocalDateTime dateTime = 
 date.atTime(16, 30);

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ࠓ೔ͷ೔࣌ˠEBUF5JNF ࠓ೔ͷ೔෇ˠEBUF LocalDateTime dateTime = 
 LocalDateTime.now(); LocalDate date =
 LocalDate.from(dateTime);

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EBUF೥݄೔ ͏Δ͏೥ ˠMFBQUSVF LocalDate date = LocalDate.of(1992, 10, 8); boolean leap = Year.from(date).isLeap();

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ࠓ೔ͷ೔෇ˠEBUF EBUFΛඪ४ग़ྗ΁ LocalDate date = LocalDate.now(); System.out.println(date.toString()); 2012-11-10 ग़ྗ݁Ռ

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ࠓ೔ͷ೔෇ ࿨ྐྵ ˠEBUF JapaneseChronology chrono = JapaneseChronology.INSTANCE; ChronoLocalDate jdate = chrono.date(LocalDate.now()); System.out.println(jdate); H24-11-10 ग़ྗ݁Ռ

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Compatibility

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java.util.DateΛվम(OpenJDK8) wίϯετϥΫλDate(Instant instant)
 㱻ίϯετϥΫλDate(long date) wInstant toInstant()ϝιου
 㱻long getTime()ϝιου ˞java.util.Calendarʹ΋ಉ༷ͷվम

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0⒎TFU%BUF5JNF͔Β*OTUBOUΛऔಘ औಘͨ͠*OTUBOU͔Β%BUFΛੜ੒ OffsetDateTime dateTime =
 OffsetDateTime.now(); Instant instant = 
 dateTime.toInstant(); Date date = new Date(instant);

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ଞͷAPIͱͷ࿈ܞ wকདྷతʹ͸JPAɺJAXB౳΁ల։༧ఆ wͨͩ͠ݱ࣌఺Ͱ͸۩ମతΞΫγϣϯͳ͠ wJPA࿈ܞ͸ૣظ࣮ݱΛ໨ࢦͯ͠ܭըதɺ ͱͷ͜ͱ ͍ͭʹͳΔ͜ͱ΍Βʜ

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Conclusion

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JSR 310ͱ͸Կͳͷ͔ wJSR 310͸java.util.Dateͷܽ఺Λ͢΂ͯ ղܾ͠Α͏ͱ͢Δ໺৺తࢼΈ wաڈͱͷޓ׵ੑΛஅͪ੾Δ͜ͱͰɺ೔ ෇ɾ࣌ࠁAPIͷཧ૝Λ௥ٻͨ͠ wਖ਼௚΍Γա͗ײ΋൱Ίͳ͍͕ɺطଘAPI ͷ໰୊఺ͷଟ͘Λղܾͨ͠఺͸ධՁ

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JSR 310ͷϦιʔε JSR 310 Specification http://jcp.org/en/jsr/detail?id=310 JSR 310 RI “ThreeTen” http://threeten.sourceforge.net https://github.com/ThreeTen/threeten

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Introduction to Date and Time API HASUNUMA Kenji k.hasunuma@coppermine.jp Twitter: @btnrouge