From Whence Rubygems - Speaker Deck

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Rubygems From Whence

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+ Where do gems come from? + Where are gems installed to? + How do gems get onto the load path?

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+ RVM gemsets + rbenv gemsets + Bundler

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Tim Uruski Developer [email protected]

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Where do Gems Come From?

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When a developer and some code love each other very much...

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$ gem install hola

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Fetching: hola-0.1.3.gem (100%) Successfully installed hola-0.1.3 Parsing documentation for hola-0.1.3 Installing ri documentation for hola-0.1.3 1 gem installed

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https://rubygems.org

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$ gem install hola --source http://localhost:8808

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$ gem sources --add http://localhost:8808

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https://gems.github.com https://gems.rubyforge.org https://gemcutter.org https://rubygems.org

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$ gem sources --remove https://rubygems.org $ gem sources --add http://ruby.taobao.org

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$ gem sources *** CURRENT SOURCES *** https://rubygems.org http://localhost:8808

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.gemrc

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--- :backtrace: false :bulk_threshold: 1000 :sources: - https://rubygems.org - http://localhost:8808 :update_sources: true :verbose: true

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$ gem install hola --config custom.yml

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local .gem

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$ gem install hola.gem $ gem install /path/to/hola.gem

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$ rake install hola $ gem install hola-0.1.3.gem

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Git source

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rubygems/lib/rubygems/source/git.rb # A git gem for use in a gem dependencies file.

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$ gem install specific_install $ gem specific_install [email protected]:qrush/hola.git $ gem specific_install qrush/hola

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Where are Gems installed to?

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$ gem env home > /home/timuruski/.gem/ruby/2.0 > /usr/lib/ruby/gems/2.0 ! $ ruby -e "puts Gem.dir" > /home/timuruski/.gem/ruby/2.0 > /usr/lib/ruby/gems/2.0

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$ gem install hola --install-dir ~/gems

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gems ├── build_info ├── cache │ └── hola-0.1.3.gem ├── doc ├── extensions ├── gems │ └── hola-0.1.3 │ └── lib │ └── hola.rb └── specifications └── hola-0.1.3.gemspec

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GEM_HOME

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$ GEM_HOME=~/gems gem install hola

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$ export GEM_HOME=~/gems $ gem install hola

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$ export GEM_HOME=~/tmp $ gem install hola --install-dir ~/gems

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WARNING

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How do Gems get onto the load path?

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require 'hola'

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$ ruby -e "puts $:" > /usr/lib/ruby/2.0 ! $ ruby -e "require 'hola'; puts $:" > /usr/lib/ruby/gems/2.0/gems/hola-0.1.3/lib > /usr/lib/ruby/2.0

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$ gem env path > /usr/lib/ruby/gems/2.0 > /home/timuruski/.gem/ruby/2.0 ! $ ruby -e "puts Gem.path" > /usr/lib/ruby/gems/2.0 > /home/timuruski/.gem/ruby/2.0

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GEM_PATH

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WARNING

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GEM_HOME GEM_PATH

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RVM gemsets

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.rvm ├── bin ├── ... ├── gemsets └── scripts ├── ... ├── selector ├── selector_gemset └── ...

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# .rvm/scripts/selector export GEM_HOME GEM_PATH MY_RUBY_HOME RUBY_VERSION IRBRC GEM_HOME="$rvm_ruby_gem_home" GEM_PATH="$rvm_ruby_gem_path"

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GEM_HOME

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# .rvm/scripts/selector_gemset rvm_ruby_gem_home= "${rvm_gems_path:-"$rvm_path/gems"}/ $rvm_ruby_string" rvm_ruby_gem_home= "${rvm_ruby_gem_home} ${rvm_gemset_separator:-"@"} ${rvm_gemset_name}"

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GEM_PATH

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# .rvm/scripts/selector_gemset if [[ "$rvm_gemset_name" == "global" ]] then rvm_ruby_gem_path="${rvm_ruby_gem_home}" else rvm_ruby_gem_path="${rvm_ruby_gem_home}:¶ ${rvm_ruby_global_gems_path}" fi

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~/.rvm/environments

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echo " -->> ENVIRONMENT: $*" export PATH="/home/timuruski/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p353@demo/bin:/home/timuruski/.rvm/gems/ ruby-2.0.0-p353@global/bin:/home/vagrant/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.0.0-p353/bin:$PATH" export GEM_HOME='/home/timuruski/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p353@demo' export GEM_PATH='/home/timuruski/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p353@demo:/home/vagrant/.rvm/gems/ ruby-2.0.0-p353@global' export MY_RUBY_HOME='/home/timuruski/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.0.0-p353' export IRBRC='/home/timuruski/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.0.0-p353/.irbrc' unset MAGLEV_HOME unset RBXOPT

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rbenv gemsets

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rbenv-gemset ├── bin ├── etc │ └── rbenv.d │ ├── exec │ │ └── gemset.bash │ ├── rehash │ │ └── gemset.bash │ └── which │ └── gemset.bash └── libexec

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# .rbenv-gemsets example default

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GEM_HOME

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# rbenv-gemset/etc/rbenv.d/exec/gemset.bash unset GEM_HOME for gemset in $(rbenv-gemset active); do path="${RBENV_GEMSET_ROOT}/$gemset" if [ -z "$GEM_HOME" ]; then GEM_HOME="$path" fi done

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$ echo $GEM_HOME > ! $ gem env home > ~/.rbenv/versions/2.0.0/gemsets/example ! $ ruby -e "puts ENV['GEM_HOME']" > ~/.rbenv/versions/2.0.0/gemsets/example

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GEM_PATH

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# rbenv-gemset/etc/rbenv.d/exec/gemset.bash unset GEM_PATH for gemset in $(rbenv-gemset active); do path="${RBENV_GEMSET_ROOT}/$gemset" GEM_PATH="$GEM_PATH:$path" done

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$ echo $GEM_PATH > ! $ gem env path > ~/.rbenv/versions/2.0.0/gemsets/example > ~/.rbenv/versions/2.0.0/gemsets/default ! $ ruby -e "puts ENV['GEM_PATH']" > ~/.rbenv/versions/2.0.0/gemsets/example > ~/.rbenv/versions/2.0.0/gemsets/default

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WARNING

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Bundler

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lib ├── bundler │ ├── capistrano.rb │ ├── cli.rb │ └── ... ├── ... └── bundler.rb

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$ bundle install --path vendor/bundle $ bundle config path vendor/bundle

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GEM_HOME

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# lib/bunder.rb ENV['GEM_HOME'] = File .expand_path(bundle_path, root) Bundler.rubygems.clear_paths

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GEM_PATH

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# lib/bundler.rb possibles = [Bundler.rubygems.gem_dir, Bundler.rubygems.gem_path] paths = possibles.flatten.compact.uniq .reject { |p| p.empty? } ENV["GEM_PATH"] = paths .join(File::PATH_SEPARATOR)

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# lib/bundler/dependency.rb class Dependency < Gem::Dependency attr_reader :autorequire attr_reader :groups ... end

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# lib/bundler/endpoint_specification.rb class EndpointSpecification < ¶ Gem::Specification include MatchPlatform end

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# lib/bundler/gem_installer.rb class GemInstaller < Gem::Installer def check_executable_overwrite(filename) # Bundler needs to install gems # regardless of binstub overwriting end end

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# lib/bundler/rubygems_integration.rb class RubygemsIntegration ... class << self attr_reader :rubygems end end

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# lib/bundler/rubygems_integration.rb if RubygemsIntegration.provides?(">= 1.99.99") @rubygems = RubygemsIntegration::Future.new elsif RubygemsIntegration.provides?('>= 1.8.20') @rubygems = RubygemsIntegration::MoreModern.new elsif RubygemsIntegration.provides?('>= 1.8.5') @rubygems = RubygemsIntegration::Modern.new elsif RubygemsIntegration.provides?('>= 1.8.0') @rubygems = RubygemsIntegration::AlmostModern.new elsif ...