How to cook a well done MVI for Android (Mobius 2018)

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How to cook a well done MVI for Android Sergey Ryabov

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• Android Engineer & Mobile Consultant • Kotlin User Group SPb • Android Academy SPb & Msk • Bla-bla-bla • Digital Nomad

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PROBLEMS OF A MODERN APP

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PROBLEMS OF A MODERN APP ▸ Lots of asynchronicity: REST, WebSockets, Pushes, …

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PROBLEMS OF A MODERN APP ▸ Lots of asynchronicity: REST, WebSockets, Pushes, … ▸ State updates from random places

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PROBLEMS OF A MODERN APP ▸ Lots of asynchronicity: REST, WebSockets, Pushes, … ▸ State updates from random places ▸ Big size

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PROBLEMS OF A MODERN APP ▸ Lots of asynchronicity: REST, WebSockets, Pushes, … ▸ State updates from random places ▸ Big size ▸ Async * Size => Something changes Somewhere and it all F***ed up

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COMMON STATE

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COMMON STATE ▸ Single source of truth

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COMMON STATE ▸ Single source of truth ▸ Easy to check at any particular time

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COMMON STATE ▸ Single source of truth ▸ Easy to check at any particular time ▸ Clear sequence of changes

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COMMON STATE ▸ Single source of truth ▸ Easy to check at any particular time ▸ Clear sequence of changes ▸ Easy to ﬁnd the cause of the change

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COMMON STATE ▸ Single source of truth ▸ Easy to check at any particular time ▸ Clear sequence of changes ▸ Easy to ﬁnd the cause of the change ▸ Easy decoupled testing

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COMMON STATE Beneﬁts are clear, but the arch implementation is still hard

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UNIDIRECTIONAL DATA FLOW

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UNIDIRECTIONAL DATA FLOW view( model( intent() ) )

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UNIDIRECTIONAL DATA FLOW render( state( actions() ) )

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Доклад Вартанова

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REACTIVE STATE Search query SUBMIT

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REACTIVE STATE submitBtn.clicks() .doOnNext { submitBtn.isEnabled = false progressView.visibility = VISIBLE } .flatMap { api.search(searchView.text.toString()) } .observeOn(uiScheduler) .doOnNext { progressView.visibility = GONE } .subscribe( { data -> showData(data) }, { submitBtn.isEnabled = true toast("Search failed") } )

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clicks()

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doOnNext()

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searchView.text

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doOnNext()

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subscribe()

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REACTIVE STATE sealed class UiAction { class SearchAction(val query: String) : UiAction() } sealed class UiState { object Loading : UiState() class Success(val data: Data) : UiState() class Failure(val error: Throwable) : UiState() }

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REACTIVE STATE submitBtn.clicks() .map { SearchAction(searchView.text.toString()) } .flatMap { action -> api.search(action.query) .map { result -> Success(result) } .onErrorReturn { e -> Failure(e) } .observeOn(uiScheduler) .startWith(Loading) } .subscribe { state -> submitBtn.isEnabled = state !is Loading progressView.visibility = if (state is Loading) VISIBLE else GONE when (state) { is Success -> showData(state.data) is Failure -> toast("Search failed") } }

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REACTIVE STATE val actions = submitBtn.clicks() .map { SearchAction(searchView.text.toString()) } actions.flatMap { action -> api.search(action.query) .map { result -> Success(result) } .onErrorReturn { e -> Failure(e) } .observeOn(uiScheduler) .startWith(Loading) } .subscribe { state -> submitBtn.isEnabled = state !is Loading progressView.visibility = if (state is Loading) VISIBLE else GONE when (state) { is Success -> showData(state.data) is Failure -> toast("Search failed") } }

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REACTIVE STATE val actions = submitBtn.clicks() .map { SearchAction(searchView.text.toString()) } val states = actions.flatMap { action -> api.search(action.query) .map { result -> Success(result) } .onErrorReturn { e -> Failure(e) } .observeOn(uiScheduler) .startWith(Loading) } states.subscribe { state -> submitBtn.isEnabled = state !is Loading progressView.visibility = if (state is Loading) VISIBLE else GONE when (state) { is Success -> showData(state.data) is Failure -> toast("Search failed") } }

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REACTIVE STATE val actions = submitBtn.clicks() .map { SearchAction(searchView.text.toString()) } val states = actions.flatMap { action -> api.search(action.query) .map { result -> Success(result) } .onErrorReturn { e -> Failure(e) } .observeOn(uiScheduler) .startWith(Loading) } states.subscribe(::render) private fun render(state: UiState) { submitBtn.isEnabled = state !is Loading progressView.visibility = if (state is Loading) VISIBLE else GONE when (state) { is Success -> finish() is Failure -> toast("Search failed") }

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REACTIVE STATE class SearchComponent(private val api: Api, val uiScheduler: Scheduler) { fun bind(actions: Observable): Observable { return actions.flatMap { action -> api.search(action.query) .map { result -> Success(result) } .onErrorReturn { e -> Failure(e) } .observeOn(uiScheduler) .startWith(Loading) } } }

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SearchAction UiState

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searchComponent.bind(actions).subscribe(::render)

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render( state( actions() ) ) searchComponent.bind(actions).subscribe(::render)

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What if we have more complex logic?

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What if we have more complex logic? How about two network calls?

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REACTIVE STATE Fanta| SUBMIT Fantastic Four Fantastic Beasts Final Fantasy

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sealed class UiAction : Action { class SearchAction(val query: String) : UiAction() }

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sealed class UiAction : Action { class SearchAction(val query: String) : UiAction() class LoadSuggestionsAction(val query: String) : UiAction() }

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sealed class UiState { object Loading : UiState() class Success(val data: Data) : UiState() class Failure(val error: Throwable) : UiState() }

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class UiState( val loading: Boolean = false, val data: String? = null, val error: Throwable? = null, val suggestions: List? = null )

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sealed class InternalAction : Action { object SearchLoadingAction : InternalAction() class SearchSuccessAction(val data: String) : InternalAction() class SearchFailureAction(val error: Throwable) : InternalAction() class SuggestionsLoadedAction(val suggestions: List) : InternalAction() }

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fun bind(actions: Observable): Observable { ... }

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fun bind(actions: Observable): Observable { ... } .ofType .publish Observable Observable .ofType .merge … …

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fun bind(actions: Observable): Observable { return actions.publish { shared -> Observable.merge() } } .ofType .publish Observable Observable .ofType .merge … …

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fun bind(actions: Observable): Observable { return actions.publish { shared -> Observable.merge( bind(shared.ofType()), bind(shared.ofType())) } } .ofType .publish Observable Observable .ofType .merge … …

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fun bind(actions: Observable): Observable { return actions.flatMap { action -> api.search(action.query) .map { result -> SearchSuccessAction(result) } .onErrorReturn { e -> SearchFailureAction(e) } .observeOn(uiScheduler) .startWith(SearchLoadingAction) } } fun bind(actions: Observable): Observable { return actions.flatMap { action -> api.suggestions(action.query) .onErrorReturnItem(emptyList()) .map { result -> SuggestionsLoadedAction(result) } .observeOn(uiScheduler) } }

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fun bind(actions: Observable): Observable { return actions.publish { shared -> Observable.merge( bind(shared.ofType()), bind(shared.ofType())) } }

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fun bind(actions: Observable): Observable { return actions.publish { shared -> Observable.merge( bind(shared.ofType()), bind(shared.ofType())) } .scan(UiState()) { state, action -> ... } }

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bind(shared.ofType())) } .scan(UiState()) { state, action -> when (action) { SearchLoadingAction -> state.copy( loading = true, error = null, suggestions = null) is SearchSuccessAction -> state.copy( loading = false, data = newData, error = null, suggestions = null) is SearchFailureAction -> state.copy( loading = false, error = action.error) is SuggestionsLoadedAction -> state.copy( suggestions = action.suggestions) is SearchAction, is LoadSuggestionsAction -> state } } }

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REACTIVE STATE class SearchComponent(private val api: Api, private val uiScheduler: Scheduler) { fun bind(actions: Observable): Observable { return actions.publish { shared -> Observable.merge( bind(shared.ofType()), bind(shared.ofType())) } .scan(UiState()) { state, action -> when (action) { SearchLoadingAction -> state.copy(...) is SearchSuccessAction -> state.copy(...) is SearchFailureAction -> state.copy(...) is SuggestionsLoadedAction -> state.copy(...) is SearchAction, is LoadSuggestionsAction -> state } } } }

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UNIDIRECTIONAL DATA FLOW

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UNIDIRECTIONAL DATA FLOW ▸ Redux

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UNIDIRECTIONAL DATA FLOW ▸ Redux ▸ Cycle.js

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UNIDIRECTIONAL DATA FLOW ▸ Redux ▸ Cycle.js ▸ Flux

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UNIDIRECTIONAL DATA FLOW ▸ Redux ▸ Cycle.js ▸ Flux ▸ Elm

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ELM COMPONENT

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ELM COMPONENT

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ELM COMPONENT

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ELM COMPONENT Update

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ELM COMPONENT Update

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ELM COMPONENT Update Render

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ELM COMPONENT Update Render

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ELM COMPONENT Update Render

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ELM COMPONENT Update Render Call

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ELM COMPONENT Update Render Call

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ELM COMPONENT Update Render Call

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ELM COMPONENT Update Render Call

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ELM

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ELM ▸ Update

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ELM ▸ Update ▸ Call

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ELM ▸ Update ▸ Call ▸ Component

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ELM - REDUX ▸ Update -> Reducer ▸ Call ▸ Component

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ELM - REDUX ▸ Update -> Reducer ▸ Call -> Middleware ▸ Component

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ELM - REDUX ▸ Update -> Reducer ▸ Call -> Middleware ▸ Component -> Store

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REDUCER interface Reducer { fun reduce(state: S, action: A): S }

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REDUCER class SearchReducer : Reducer { override fun reduce(state: UiState, action: Action): UiState { return when (action) { SearchLoadingAction -> state.copy(...) is SearchSuccessAction -> state.copy(...) is SearchFailureAction -> state.copy(...) is SuggestionsLoadedAction -> state.copy(...) is SearchAction, is LoadSuggestionsAction -> state } } }

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MIDDLEWARE interface Middleware { fun bind(actions: Observable, state: Observable): Observable }

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MIDDLEWARE class SearchMiddleware(val api: Api) : Middleware { override fun bind(actions: Observable): Observable { return actions.ofType() .flatMap { action -> api.search(action.query) .map { result -> SearchSuccessAction(result) } .onErrorReturn { e -> SearchFailureAction(e) } .startWith(SearchLoadingAction) } } }

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REACTIVE STATE class SearchMiddleware(val api: Api) : Middleware { override fun bind(actions: Observable, state: Observable) : Observable { return actions.ofType() .withLatestFrom(state) { action, currentState -> action to currentState } .flatMap { (action, state) -> api.search(action.query) .map { result -> SearchSuccessAction(result) } .onErrorReturn { e -> SearchFailureAction(e) } .startWith(SearchLoadingAction) } } }

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STORE - SEARCH COMPONENT

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STORE - SEARCH COMPONENT private val state = BehaviorRelay.createDefault(UiState()) private val actions = PublishRelay.create()

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STORE - SEARCH COMPONENT private val state = BehaviorRelay.createDefault(UiState()) private val actions = PublishRelay.create() fun wire(): Disposable { val disposable = CompositeDisposable() disposable += actions .withLatestFrom(state) { action, state -> SearchReducer().reduce(state, action) } .distinctUntilChanged() .subscribe(state::accept) return disposable }

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STORE fun bind(actions: Observable, render: (UiState) -> Unit): Disposable { val disposable = CompositeDisposable() disposable += state.observeOn(uiScheduler).subscribe(render) disposable += actions.subscribe(actions::accept) return disposable }

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STORE interface MviView { val actions: Observable fun render(state: S) } // SearchComponent fun bind(actions: Observable, render: (UiState) -> Unit): Disposable { val disposable = CompositeDisposable() disposable += state.observeOn(uiScheduler).subscribe(render) disposable += actions.subscribe(actions::accept) return disposable }

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STORE interface MviView { val actions: Observable fun render(state: S) } // SearchComponent fun bind(view: MviView): Disposable { val disposable = CompositeDisposable() disposable += state.observeOn(uiScheduler).subscribe(view::render) disposable += view.actions.subscribe(actions::accept) return disposable }

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STORE private val state = BehaviorRelay.createDefault(UiState()) private val actions = PublishRelay.create() fun wire(): Disposable { val disposable = CompositeDisposable() disposable += actions .withLatestFrom(state) { action, state -> SearchReducer().reduce(state, action) } .distinctUntilChanged() .subscribe(state::accept) disposable += Observable.merge( SearchMiddleware(api).bind(actions, state), SuggestionsMiddleware(api).bind(actions, state) ).subscribe(actions::accept) return disposable }

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STORE private val state = BehaviorRelay.createDefault(initialState) private val actions = PublishRelay.create() fun wire(): Disposable { val disposable = CompositeDisposable() disposable += actions .withLatestFrom(state) { action, state -> reducer.reduce(state, action) } .distinctUntilChanged() .subscribe(state::accept) disposable += Observable.merge( middlewares.map { it.bind(actions, state) } ).subscribe(actions::accept) return disposable }

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STORE class SearchComponent( private val reducer: Reducer, private val middlewares: List>, private val initialState: UiState )

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class Store( private val reducer: Reducer, private val middlewares: List>, private val initialState: S ) STORE

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CORE interface MviView { val actions: Observable fun render(state: S) } interface Reducer { fun reduce(state: S, action: A): S } interface Middleware { fun bind(actions: Observable , state: Observable): Observable } class Store( private val reducer: Reducer, private val middlewares: List>, private val initialState: S ) { fun wire(): Disposable {} fun bind(view: MviView): Disposable {} }

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BIND IT ALL!

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BIND IT ALL! ▸ Android Arch ViewModels

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BIND IT ALL! ▸ Android Arch ViewModels ▸ DI Scopes

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BIND IT ALL! ▸ Android Arch ViewModels ▸ DI Scopes ▸ Others

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BIND IT ALL! class SearchViewModel @Inject constructor (private val store: Store) : ViewModel() { private val wiring = store.wire() private var viewBinding: Disposable? = null override fun onCleared() { wiring.dispose() } fun bind(view: MviView) { viewBinding = store.bind(view) } fun unbind() { viewBinding?.dispose() } }

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OUR UNIDIRECTIONAL DATA FLOW

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OUR UNIDIRECTIONAL DATA FLOW ::render Middleware Middleware Middleware Reducer

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OUR UNIDIRECTIONAL DATA FLOW ::render Middleware Middleware Middleware Reducer SearchAction

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OUR UNIDIRECTIONAL DATA FLOW < , > SearchLoadingAction State.Empty ::render Middleware Middleware Middleware Reducer State.Empty SearchAction

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OUR UNIDIRECTIONAL DATA FLOW < , > SearchLoadingAction State.Empty ::render Middleware Middleware Middleware Reducer State.Empty SearchAction

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OUR UNIDIRECTIONAL DATA FLOW < , > SearchLoadingAction State.Empty ::render Middleware Middleware Middleware Reducer State.Empty SearchAction

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OUR UNIDIRECTIONAL DATA FLOW < , > SearchLoadingAction ::render Middleware Middleware Middleware Reducer State.Empty State(loading = true)

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OUR UNIDIRECTIONAL DATA FLOW < , > SearchLoadingAction ::render Middleware Middleware Middleware Reducer State.Empty State(loading = true)

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OUR UNIDIRECTIONAL DATA FLOW < , > SearchLoadingAction State(loading = true) SearchSuccessAction ::render Middleware Middleware Middleware Reducer

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OUR UNIDIRECTIONAL DATA FLOW < , > SearchLoadingAction State(loading = true) SearchSuccessAction ::render Middleware Middleware Middleware Reducer

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OUR UNIDIRECTIONAL DATA FLOW < , > SearchLoadingAction State(loading = true) SearchSuccessAction ::render Middleware Middleware Middleware Reducer

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OUR UNIDIRECTIONAL DATA FLOW < , > SearchSuccessAction ::render Middleware Middleware Middleware Reducer State(loading = true) State(loading = false,   data = newData)

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OUR UNIDIRECTIONAL DATA FLOW < , > SearchSuccessAction ::render Middleware Middleware Middleware Reducer State(loading = true) State(loading = false,   data = newData)

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BACK TO REALITY

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BACK TO REALITY ▸ Rendering Overﬂow

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ANY PROBLEMS WITH UI?

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ANY PROBLEMS WITH UI? ▸ Lots of State updates

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ANY PROBLEMS WITH UI? ▸ Lots of State updates ▸ May cause lots of redundant UI rerendering

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ANY PROBLEMS WITH UI? ▸ Lots of State updates ▸ May cause lots of redundant UI rerendering ▸ …

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ANY PROBLEMS WITH UI? ▸ Lots of State updates ▸ May cause lots of redundant UI rerendering ▸ … ▸ Domic!

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WHAT IS DOMIC

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WHAT IS DOMIC ▸ Difﬁng changes

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WHAT IS DOMIC ▸ Difﬁng changes ▸ Same Android Widgets

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WHAT IS DOMIC ▸ Difﬁng changes ▸ Same Android Widgets ▸ Threading

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WHAT IS DOMIC ▸ Difﬁng changes ▸ Same Android Widgets ▸ Threading

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BACK TO REALITY ▸ Rendering Overﬂow ▸ Testing

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TESTING

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TESTING VIEW // In val observer = TestObserver.create() realView.actions.subscribe(observer) onView(withId(R.id.search_edit)).perform(typeText("Query")) onView(withId(R.id.submit_btn)).perform(click()) observer.assertValue(SearchAction("Query")) // Out val uiState = UiState(loading = false, data = "TestData") realView.render(uiState) takeScreenshot()

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TESTING LOGIC val viewModel = provide> viewModel.bind(fakeView) actions.onNext(SearchAction("Query")) states.assertValue(UiState(loading = true)) viewModel.unbind() actions.onNext(SearchAction("AnotherQuery")) states.assertNoValues()

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BACK TO REALITY ▸ Rendering Overﬂow ▸ Testing ▸ Paging

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youtu.be/h5afEeuI0GQ PAGING

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BACK TO REALITY ▸ Rendering Overﬂow ▸ Testing ▸ Paging ▸ SingleLiveEvents

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SINGLE LIVE EVENTS

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SINGLE LIVE EVENTS Render Call Update

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SINGLE LIVE EVENTS Subscriptions Render Call Update

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BACK TO REALITY ▸ Rendering Overﬂow ▸ Testing ▸ Paging ▸ SingleLiveEvents ▸ Clean Architecture

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DO YOU EVEN CLEAN?

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DO YOU EVEN CLEAN? MviView Api Store Reducer Middleware Middleware Middleware

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DO YOU EVEN CLEAN? MviView Store Reducer Middleware Middleware Middleware Repository

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DO YOU EVEN CLEAN? MviView Repository Store Reducer Middleware Middleware Middleware

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DO YOU EVEN CLEAN? MviView Repository Store Reducer Middleware Middleware Middleware Interactor?

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DO YOU EVEN CLEAN? MviView Repository Store Reducer Middleware Middleware Middleware Presentation Layer Domain Layer Data Layer

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TO WRAP UP

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TO WRAP UP ▸ MVI is about presentation logic

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TO WRAP UP ▸ MVI is about presentation logic ▸ Reactive ﬂow

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TO WRAP UP ▸ MVI is about presentation logic ▸ Reactive ﬂow ▸ Sealed classes for Actions & States

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TO WRAP UP ▸ MVI is about presentation logic ▸ Reactive ﬂow ▸ Sealed classes for Actions & States ▸ Kotlin multiplatform usage options

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TO WRAP UP ▸ MVI is about presentation logic ▸ Reactive ﬂow ▸ Sealed classes for Actions & States ▸ Kotlin multiplatform usage options ▸ RxKotlin (for real)

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TO WRAP UP ▸ MVI is about presentation logic ▸ Reactive ﬂow ▸ Sealed classes for Actions & States ▸ Kotlin multiplatform usage options ▸ RxKotlin (for real) ▸ Reagent-like

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TO WRAP UP ▸ MVI is about presentation logic ▸ Reactive ﬂow ▸ Sealed classes for Actions & States ▸ Kotlin multiplatform usage options ▸ RxKotlin (for real) ▸ Reagent-like ▸ Time Travel Debugger

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UNIDIRECTIONAL DATA FLOW LIBS

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UNIDIRECTIONAL DATA FLOW LIBS ▸ RxRedux / Freeletics github.com/freeletics/RxRedux

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UNIDIRECTIONAL DATA FLOW LIBS ▸ RxRedux / Freeletics github.com/freeletics/RxRedux ▸ Mobius / Spotify github.com/spotify/mobius

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UNIDIRECTIONAL DATA FLOW LIBS ▸ RxRedux / Freeletics github.com/freeletics/RxRedux ▸ Mobius / Spotify github.com/spotify/mobius ▸ MvRx / AirBnb github.com/airbnb/MvRx

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UNIDIRECTIONAL DATA FLOW LIBS ▸ RxRedux / Freeletics github.com/freeletics/RxRedux ▸ Mobius / Spotify github.com/spotify/mobius ▸ MvRx / AirBnb github.com/airbnb/MvRx ▸ MVICore / Badoo github.com/badoo/MVICore ▸ Grox / Groupon github.com/groupon/grox

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MVICORE

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MVICORE ▸ Wish

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MVICORE ▸ Wish ▸ Effect

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MVICORE ▸ Wish ▸ Effect ▸ Actor

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MVICORE ▸ Wish ▸ Effect ▸ Actor ▸ News

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MVICORE ▸ Wish ▸ Effect ▸ Actor ▸ News ▸ Feature

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MVICORE ▸ Wish -> Action ▸ Effect ▸ Actor ▸ News ▸ Feature

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MVICORE ▸ Wish -> Action ▸ Effect -> Internal Action ▸ Actor ▸ News ▸ Feature

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MVICORE ▸ Wish -> Action ▸ Effect -> Internal Action ▸ Actor -> Middleware ▸ News ▸ Feature

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MVICORE ▸ Wish -> Action ▸ Effect -> Internal Action ▸ Actor -> Middleware ▸ News -> Subscriptions ▸ Feature

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MVICORE ▸ Wish -> Action ▸ Effect -> Internal Action ▸ Actor -> Middleware ▸ News -> Subscriptions ▸ Feature -> Store

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‣ Managing State with RxJava by Jake Wharton youtu.be/0IKHxjkgop4 ‣ The Reactive Workﬂow Pattern by Ray Ryan youtu.be/mvBVkU2mCF4 ‣ Domic — Reactive Virtual DOM by Artem Zinnatullin youtu.be/Ce6phlHfKR8 ‣ Domic repo github.com/lyft/domic ‣ Reagent repo github.com/JakeWharton/Reagent LINKS

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How to cook a well done MVI for Android Sergey Ryabov @colriot