Slide 7
Slide 7 text
cit-consent
onor with-
omics view,
e to the de-
nd too little
ew has led
a regulated
ased (8, 9),
nors’ fami-
estions that
perty upon
to change
ad. In clas-
have a lim-
t consistent
choose an
s from re-
onstructed,
e minds of
(14–16). If
fault (18). Finally, defaults often represent
the existing state or status quo, and change
usually involves a trade-off. Psychologists
have shown that losses loom larger than the
equivalent gains, a phenomenon known as
loss aversion (19). Thus, changes in the de-
fault may result in a change of choice.
cantly lower.
In the last two decades, a number of
European countries have had opt-in or opt-
out default options for individuals’ deci-
sions to become organ donors. Actual deci-
sions about organ donation may be affected
by governmental educational programs, the
ion Sciences,
27, USA.
be addressed:
4.25
27.5
17.17
12
99.98 98 99.91 99.97 99.5 99.64
85.9
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Denmark
Netherlands
Effective consent percentage
United Kingdom
Germany
Austria
Belgium
France
Hungary
Poland
Portugal
Sweden
Effective consent rates, by country. Explicit consent (opt-in, gold) and presumed consent (opt-
out, blue).
21 NOVEMBER 2003 VOL 302 SCIENCE www.sciencemag.org
opt-in opt-out
organ donation consent percentage