Intro to Sass - Speaker Deck

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Sass Syntactically Awesome Style Sheets Devstaff Heraklion • October 2016 Zaharenia Atzitzikaki • @sugarenia

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Sass Syntactically Awesome Style Sheets Devstaff Heraklion • October 2016 Zaharenia Atzitzikaki • @sugarenia

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I’m Zaharenia. Lead designer @ Workable

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Sass? Why?

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CSS is repetitive

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CSS .module { ... } .module .title { ... } .module .title span { ... } .module .footer { ... }

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CSS is very repetitive

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CSS was not made for this

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Variables

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Variables Functions

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Variables Functions Modules

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What is Sass?

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Sass // SCSS syntax $color: #f00; .link { color: $color; text-decoration: underline; &:hover { text-decoration: none; } } // Sass syntax $color: #f00 .link color: $color text-decoration: underline &:hover text-decoration: none

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You can start now.

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How to install

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$> gem install sass

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$> sass --watch scss:css

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style.scss > style.css

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Don’t edit the .css ﬁle! PITFALL

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Using Sass

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Nesting

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Sass .modal { background-color: #fff; border: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3); .modal-header { padding: 15px 20px; border-bottom: 1px solid #eee; } .modal-footer { padding: 14px 15px 15px; text-align: center; } }

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CSS .modal { background-color: #fff; border: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3); } .modal .modal-header { padding: 15px 20px; border-bottom: 1px solid #eee; } .modal .modal-footer { padding: 14px 15px 15px; text-align: center; }

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Don’t mimic DOM! PITFALL

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Sass body { .container { .content { .articles { & > .post { .title { h1 { a { } } } .content { p { ... } ul { li { ... } }

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Sass } h4 { a { ... } } p { a { ... } } ul { li { ... } } } } } } } }

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Parent reference

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Sass .box { .box-section a { color: fuchsia; text-decoration: none; &:hover { text-decoration: underline; } &.disabled { color: grey; } } }

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CSS .box .box-section a { color: fuchsia; text-decoration: none; } .box .box-section a:hover { text-decoration: underline; } .box .box-section a.disabled { color: grey; }

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.box { … &-header { … } }

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.box { … &-header { … } } .box { … } .box-header { … }

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.box { … .checkout & { … } }

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.box { … .checkout & { … } } .box { … } .checkout .box { … }

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.box { … & + & { … } }

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.box { … & + & { … } } .box { … } .box + .box { … }

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Variables

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Sass $color: #f00; $border: 1px solid $color; .link { color: $color; border-bottom: $border; }

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Sass // Colors $color-link: #01579b; $color-text: #607d8b; $color-danger: #d32f2f; $color-success: #43a047; $color-alert: #ffca28;

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Mixins

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Sass @mixin box { background-color: #fff; border: 1px solid #ccc; border-radius: 4px; width: 100px; height: 100px; } .box { @include box; }

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Sass @mixin box($width, $height: $width) { background-color: #fff; border: 1px solid #ccc; border-radius: 4px; width: $width; height: $height; } .box { @include box(100px, 300px); }

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Don’t worry about bloat

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Don’t use mixins for vendor preﬁxes PITFALL

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Extends

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This is a generic alert! This is a positive alert!

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Sass .alert { padding: 15px; font-size: 1.2em; line-height: 1; color: #fff; background: $color-accent; @include shadow(0, 1px, 2px, rgba(0,0,0,.5)); @include rounded(10px); } .alert-positive { background: #9c3; }

...

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...

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CSS .alert, .alert-positive { padding: 15px; font-size: 1.2em; line-height: 1; color: #fff; background: yellow; box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.5); border-radius: 10px; } .alert-positive { background: #9c3; }

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Multiple extends will bite you PITFALL

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Sass .top-navigation, .subnav, .sidenav, #header, .main-footer, .inbox__actions, .feed__item__selector input[type="checkbox"], .feed__item__main .avatar, .feed__item__main .control-faux, .feed__item__actions, .feed__item__title .js-visibility, .feed__item__preview__text, .scroll-shelf, .profile__toolbar, .profile__footer, .profile__section__header .download, .overlay__shelf,

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Sass .timeline__item--import, .hashtag-add__field, .hashtag-add__toggle, .hashtag__remove, .ticker.hide, .followers, .dropdown-menu, .alert .btn-compact { ... }

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Extending placeholders

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Sass %alert { padding: 15px; font-size: 1.2em; line-height: 1; color: #fff; background: $color-accent; @include shadow(0, 1px, 2px, rgba(0,0,0,.5)); @include rounded(10px); } .alert-positive { @extend %alert; background: #9c3; } .alert-negative { @extend %alert; background: #c00; }

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Sass .alert-positive, .alert-negative { padding: 15px; font-size: 1.2em; line-height: 1; color: #fff; background: $color-accent; box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.5); border-radius: 10px; } .alert-positive { background: #9c3; } .alert-negative { background: #c00; }

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Mixin or extend?

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Sass %alert { padding: 15px; font-size: 1.2em; line-height: 1; color: #fff; @include shadow(0, 1px, 2px, rgba(0,0,0,.5)); @include rounded(10px); } .alert-positive { @extend %alert; background: #9c3; } .alert-negative { @extend %alert; background: #c00; }

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CSS .alert-positive, .alert-negative { padding: 15px; font-size: 1.2em; line-height: 1; color: #fff; box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.5); border-radius: 10px; } .alert-positive { background: #9c3; } .alert-negative { background: #c00; }

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Sass @mixin alert($background: "yellow") { padding: 15px; font-size: 1.2em; line-height: 1; color: #fff; background: $background; @include shadow(0, 1px, 2px, rgba(0,0,0,.5)); @include rounded(10px); } .alert-positive { @include alert(#9c3); } .alert-negative { @include alert(#c00); }

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CSS .alert-positive { padding: 15px; font-size: 1.2em; line-height: 1; color: #fff; background: #9c3; box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.5); border-radius: 10px; } .alert-negative { padding: 15px; font-size: 1.2em; line-height: 1; color: #fff; background: #c00; box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.5); border-radius: 10px; }

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@extend for related modules @mixin when you need arguments RULE OF THUMB

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@import

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@import "variables"; @import "mixins"; @import "layout"; style.scss

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_variables.scss _layout.scss _mixins.scss style.css

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PITFALL The 4096 selector limit in IE

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Functions

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Custom functions

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Sass $grid-columns: 12; $grid-width: 960px; @function columns($cols) { @return (($grid-width / $grid-columns) * $cols) + “px”; } main { width: columns(9); // 720px } aside { width: columns(3); // 240px }

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Sass @function black($opacity) { @return rgba(0, 0, 0, $opacity); } @function white($opacity) { @return rgba(255, 255, 255, $opacity); } .faded-text { color: black(0.5); } .faded-panel { background-color: white(0.3); }

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Helper functions

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Sass .button { background-image: linear-gradient( to bottom, lighten(#c00, 5%), darken(#c00, 5%) ); } darken/lighten

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Sass @mixin gradient-vertical($start-color: #555, $end-color: #333) { background-color: mix($start-color, $end-color, 60%); background-image: linear-gradient(to bottom, $start-color, $end-color); background-repeat: repeat-x; } .box { @include gradient-vertical(#f8af1e, #097380); } mix

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With gradient support Without gradient support

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Comments

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Sass $variable: "hi!"; /* This is a comment which can span * several lines. * It can also make use of variables! #{$variable} */ .box { ... } // This is a single-line comment // It won't appear in the CSS output   a { ... }

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Sass tools

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Sassmeister

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sassmeister.com

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Linting

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Libraries & frameworks

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compass-style.org

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bourbon.io

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neat.bourbon.io

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bitters.bourbon.io

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refills.bourbon.io

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BONUS! Workable Style Guide https://github.com/Workable/css-style-guide

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Devstaff Heraklion • October 2016 Zaharenia Atzitzikaki • @sugarenia Thanks! You rock.