Modern Web Application Development Workflow - web2day

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MODERN WEB APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT WORKFLOW

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FIRST, LET’S LOOK AT THE PAST

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THROW A BUNCH OF HTML FILES

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THROW A BUNCH OF HTML FILES ADD A COUPLE OF CSS FILES

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THROW A BUNCH OF HTML FILES ADD A COUPLE OF CSS FILES PUT SOME JAVASCRIPT IN ALL THIS

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THROW A BUNCH OF HTML FILES ADD A COUPLE OF CSS FILES PUT SOME JAVASCRIPT IN ALL THIS AND CALL IT A DAY...

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COME BACK 6 MONTHS LATER AND TRY TO REMEMBER HOW TO MAINTAIN YOUR CODE

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Node.js ≠ Server-side JavaScript

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Node.js stand alone JavaScript runtime

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Node.js stand alone JavaScript runtime using v8, Chrome’s JavaScript engine

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Node.js stand alone JavaScript applications

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Node.js stand alone JavaScript applications created by JavaScript developers

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Node.js stand alone JavaScript applications created by JavaScript developers for JavaScript developers

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BRAND NEW WORLD

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JAVASCRIPT DEVELOPMENT TOOLS

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JAVASCRIPT DEVELOPMENT WORKFLOW

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A GOOD DEVELOPMENT WORKFLOW -HELPS YOU GET STARTED

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A GOOD DEVELOPMENT WORKFLOW -HELPS YOU GET STARTED -MAINTAINS YOUR DEPENDENCIES

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A GOOD DEVELOPMENT WORKFLOW -HELPS YOU GET STARTED -MAINTAINS YOUR DEPENDENCIES -ENFORCES BEST PRACTICES

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A GOOD DEVELOPMENT WORKFLOW -HELPS YOU GET STARTED -MAINTAINS YOUR DEPENDENCIES -ENFORCES BEST PRACTICES -PREPARES YOUR TOOLS

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A GOOD DEVELOPMENT WORKFLOW -HELPS YOU GET STARTED -MAINTAINS YOUR DEPENDENCIES -ENFORCES BEST PRACTICES -PREPARES YOUR TOOLS -FIGHTS REGRESSIONS

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A GOOD DEVELOPMENT WORKFLOW -HELPS YOU GET STARTED -MAINTAINS YOUR DEPENDENCIES -ENFORCES BEST PRACTICES -PREPARES YOUR TOOLS -FIGHTS REGRESSIONS -EASES THE RELEASE PROCESS

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HOW TO GET STARTED?

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YEOMAN Born in 2012 Various contributors (Employees from Google, Twitter, etc)

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YEOMAN scaffolding - structure - compilation - static analysis - dependencies management - development tools - unit testing

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YEOMAN download > npm install -g yo “-g” global install

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YEOMAN Various generators: ○ Angular ○ Ember ○ Backbone And all the other popular frameworks...

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YEOMAN angular.js generator > npm install -g generator-angular

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YEOMAN create an Angular project > yo angular

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Select some dependencies

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Choose some options

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It creates the project

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It downloads half of the internet

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It uses some dark magic

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Enjoy the view, Yeoman takes care of everything…

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What does the result look like?

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STRUCTURE

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CONTENT

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DEPENDENCIES

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DEV TOOLS

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IT’S MAGIC! and it will be your job to maintain it...

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HAPPY?

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Thierry Lau “Build your own Yeoman generator” this afternoon at 2pm

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BUT HOW DOES IT WORK?

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YEOMAN HAS FRIENDS

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BOWER

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GRUNT

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GULP

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AND OTHERS

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DEPENDENCIES MANAGEMENT

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BOWER

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BOWER Package manager for the web Born in 2012 Created by Twitter and other contributors over time

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BOWER Download > npm install -g bower

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Find a package: bower search

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Find more information: bower info

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BOWER Add a specific dependency > bower install jquery#1.10.2 --save install jquery and save this new dependency

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BOWER runtime dependencies in bower.json

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DEPENDENCIES

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LOCATION

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BOWER Add all your dependencies > bower install

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See your dependencies: bower list

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BOWER Package management always comes with its set of problems:

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BOWER Package management always comes with its set of problems: - how can I create a new package?

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BOWER Package management always comes with its set of problems: - how can I create a new package? - how can I host a bower repository?

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BOWER Package management always comes with its set of problems: - how can I create a new package? - how can I host a bower repository? - what kind of exotic tools will I have to use?

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Create a bower package: bower init

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BOWER Host a bower repository

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BOWER Host a bower repository > git init

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BOWER Host a bower repository > git init > git add .

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BOWER Host a bower repository > git init > git add . > git commit -m “Initial commit.”

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BOWER Host a bower repository > git init > git add . > git commit -m “Initial commit.” > git remote add origin …

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BOWER Host a bower repository > git init > git add . > git commit -m “Initial commit.” > git remote add origin … > git push origin master

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BOWER Host a bower repository SVN support has been added with bower 1.3 for those who care….

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BOWER Use bower with Git > bower install https://myrepository.git

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BOWER Host multiple versions > git tag -a 1.4 -m 'version 1.4' > bower install https://myrepository.git#1.4

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BOWER Host multiple versions Use semantic versioning to easily let your consumers handle API breakages

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BOWER Download > bower install jquery > bower install git://github.com/jquery/jquery.git

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BOWER Download > bower install jquery > bower install git://github.com/jquery/jquery.git How do this work?

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BOWER Registry https://github.com/bower/registry A simple web server listing Git repository URLs

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BOWER Register > bower register myrepository https://…git > bower install myrepository

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BUILD

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GRUNT GULP

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CONFIGURATION GULP CODE GRUNT

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EQUALLY POWERFUL

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GRUNT is a bit older so its ECOSYSTEM is more mature

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Grunt and Gulp development tools dependencies in package.json >npm install

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DEV TOOLS

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GRUNT

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GRUNT configuration over code grunt.initConfig({ lint: { src: 'src/<%= pkg.name %>.js' }, concat: { src: [ '' , '.js>' ], dest: '<%= pkg.name %>.js' } });

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GRUNT Configuration in Gruntfile.js

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GRUNT Global install before Grunt 0.4 Updating Grunt cannot break existing projects anymore

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GRUNT gruntfile.js structure 3 parts: -Task loading -Task configuration -Task registration

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GRUNT An example: Static code analysis with JSHINT

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GRUNT

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HOW DO YOU USE IT? >grunt >grunt jshint:all

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GULP

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GULP code over configuration gulp.src('src/main.mycss' ) .pipe(stylus()) .pipe(rename({ ext: 'css' })) .pipe(autoprefixer()) .pipe(cssmin()) .pipe(header( '/* All Right Reserved */' )) .pipe(gulp.dest( 'dist'))

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GULP Configuration in Gulpfile.js

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GULP gulpfile.js structure 3 parts: - task loading - task configuration - task registration

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GULP

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SOUNDS FAMILIAR?

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GULP differences with Grunt node.js streams (asynchronous by nature) nice and simple api less IO operations

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GULP Task define a task gulp.task('name', ['deps'], function(done) { return stream || promise|| done(); });

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GULP Watch react to changes on the file system gulp.watch('src/**/*.js', ['test', 'compile']);

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GULP Src create a stream from the file system gulp.src(['src/**/*.js', 'test/**/*.js' ])

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GULP Dest create a stream to the file system gulp.src('src') .pipe(...) .pipe(gulp.dest( 'dist'));

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GULP Start Start a task gulp.task('default', ['clean'], function(){ gulp.start('lint', 'min', 'concat'); });

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GULP Execution computed using the dependencies concurrent execution with Orchestrator adopted by Grunt 1.0 too

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BUILD TASKS

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STATIC ANALYSIS grunt-contrib-jshint gulp-jshint Detect coding errors in your JavaScript files

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STATIC ANALYSIS Various style of reports (checkstyle, html, etc) Configuration in .jshtinrc

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COFFEESCRIPT grunt-contrib-coffee gulp-coffee Compile CoffeeScript source code to JavaScript

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RESPONSIVE IMAGES grunt-responsive-images gulp-responsive-images Produce images at different sizes for responsive websites

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COMPRESS IMAGES grunt-contrib-imagemin gulp-imagemin Compress and optimize images

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MINIFICATION grunt-contrib-uglify gulp-uglify Reduce the size of JavaScript files

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CSS TRIMMING grunt-uncss gulp-uncss-task Remove unused CSS rules

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LIVE RELOAD grunt-contrib-watch gulp-livereload Reload automatically the web application if some files have been changed

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init concat jshint min unit server endtoend watch WORKFLOW

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SASS

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SASS - variables $font-stack: Helvetica, sans-serif; $primary-color: #333; body { font: 100% $font-stack; color: $primary-color; }

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SASS - nesting nav { ul { margin: 0; padding: 0; list-style: none; } li { display: inline-block; } a { display: block; padding: 6px 12px; text-decoration: none; } }

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SASS - import - partials // base.scss @import ‘reset’; body { font: 100% Helvetica, sans- serif; color: #333; } // _reset.scss html, body { margin: 0; padding: 0; }

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SASS - mixins @mixin border-radius($radius) { -webkit-border-radius: $radius; -moz-border-radius: $radius; -ms-border-radius: $radius; border-radius: $radius; } .box { @include border-radius(10px); }

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SASS - inheritance .message { border: 1px solid #ccc; padding: 10px; color: #333; } .success { @extend .message; border-color: green; } .error { @extend .message; border-color: red; }

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SASS - operators .container { width: 100%; } article[role="main"] { float: left; width: 600px / 960px * 100%; }

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SASS grunt-contrib-sass gulp-sass Compile SASS to CSS

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TESTING

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UNIT TESTS Frameworks: Jasmine, Mocha, QUnit describe("A suite", function() { it("contains spec with an expectation", function() { expect(true).toBe(true); }); });

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RUNNING TESTS Runner: Karma // Gruntfile.js karma: { unit: { configFile: 'karma.conf.js' } }

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module.exports = function(config) { config.set({ frameworks: [ 'jasmine'], singleRun: true, browsers: [ 'Chrome','Firefox','Safari'], files: [ '**/*.js' ], plugins: [ 'karma-jasmine' , 'karma-chrome-launcher' , 'karma-firefox-launcher' , 'karma-safari-launcher' ], exclude: [], reporters: [ 'progress'], colors: true, logLevel: config.LOG_INFO, captureTimeout: 60000 }); };

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FUNCTIONAL TESTS PhantomJS & SlimerJS - headless browsers CasperJS - navigation scripting & testing utility

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PHANTOMJS Headless WebKit scriptable with JavaScript console.log('Loading a web page'); var page = require('webpage').create(); var url = 'http://www.phantomjs.org/'; page.open(url, function (status) { //Page is loaded! phantom.exit(); });

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TESTING Modern.ie - for the poor souls who have to support Windows XP and IE6 IE8

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TESTING Code Coverage: Istanbul

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TESTING Hudson/Jenkins integration? karma-junit-reporter (JUnit reports) karma-coverage (Cobertura reports) jshint (Checkstyle reports)

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KARMA + GRUNT/GULP Test your application on various devices

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CHROME DEVTOOLS

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F12 or Ctrl+Shift+i

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ELEMENTS

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NETWORK

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HAR HTTP Archive

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SOURCES

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WORKSPACE

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SNIPPETS

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Chrome Devtools Options

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TIMELINE

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CHROME CANARY

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Custom events console.timeStamp

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PERFORMANCES

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MEMORY LEAKS

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Compare memory snapshots

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Think about browsers extensions

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CPU PROFILING

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AUDITS

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Customize the Chrome Devtools

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New panels

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MOBILE FIRST

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EMULATION

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REAL DEVICE

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TO SUM UP

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YEOMAN + BOWER + GRUNT/GULP and Chrome... = AWESOME

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THANKS! Stéphane Bégaudeau Twitter: @sbegaudeau Google+: +stephane.begaudeau The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Union’s Seventh Framework Program (FP7/2007-2013) for CRYSTAL – Critical System Engineering Acceleration Joint Undertaking under grant agreement № 332830 and from specific national programs and/or funding authorities.