ίϯύΠϥ͔Βඥղ͘ 4XJGUNFUIPEEJTQBUDI !LBUFJOPJHBLVLVO

ࣗݾ঺հ w !LBUFJOPJHBLVLVO w ૣҴాେֶߴ౳ֶӃ̏೥

͍͖ͳΓͰ͕͢

ΫΠζͰ͢

class Cat { func bark() -> String { return "ʹΌΜ" } } class Dog { func bark() -> String { return "ΘΜ" } } let cat = Cat() let dog = unsafeBitCast(cat, to: Dog.self) print(dog.bark()) 2Կ͕ग़ྗ͞ΕΔͰ͠ΐ͏ʁ ʹΌΜPSΘΜ

class Cat { func bark() -> String { return "ʹΌΜ" } } class Dog { func bark() -> String { return "ΘΜ" } } let cat = Cat() let dog = unsafeBitCast(cat, to: Dog.self) print(dog.bark()) 2Կ͕ग़ྗ͞ΕΔͰ͠ΐ͏ʁ "ΘΜ

ʮΘΜʯ

ࠓ೔࿩͢͜ͱ w .FUIPE%JTQBUDIͷ࢓૊Έ w ࠷దԽͷ࢓૊Έ w ύϑΥʔϚϯε

2.FUIPEEJTQBUDIͱ͸ʁ

2.FUIPEEJTQBUDIͱ͸ʁ "ϝιου͕ݺͼग़͞ΕΔ࣌ʹɺ
 ࣮ࡍʹͲͷϝιουΛ࣮ߦ͢Δ͔ΛܾΊΔػߏ

No content

class Animal { func bark() { print("ΞχϚϧͰ͢") } } class Cat: Animal { override func bark() { print("ʹΌΜ") } } func callAnimalBark(_ animal: Animal) { animal.bark() }

class Animal { func bark() { print("ΞχϚϧͰ͢") } } class Cat: Animal { override func bark() { print("ʹΌΜ") } } func callAnimalBark(_ animal: Animal) { animal.bark() // ΞχϚϧͰ͢ or ʹΌΜ }

class Animal { func bark() { print("ΞχϚϧͰ͢") } } class Cat: Animal { override func bark() { print("ʹΌΜ") } } func callAnimalBark(_ animal: Animal) { animal.bark() // ΞχϚϧͰ͢ or ʹΌΜ } ࣮ߦ͞ΕΔϝιου͸Ͳͬͪʁʁ

.FUIPE%JTQBUDIͷύλʔϯ w 4UBUJD%JTQBUDI w ݺͼग़͢ϝιουΛίϯύΠϧ࣌ʹܾΊΔ w %ZOBNJD%JTQBUDI w ݺͼग़͢ϝιουΛ࣮ߦ࣌ʹܾΊΔ

4UBUJD%JTQBUDI w ؔ਺ w ஋ܕͷϝιου w FYUFOTJPOʹॻ͍ͨϝιου w pOBMͳϝιου struct S { func foo() {} } let s = S() s.foo()

4UBUJD%JTQBUDI struct S { func foo() {} } let s = S() s.foo() ಉ͡γάωνϟͷϝιου͕ଘࡏ͠ͳ͍ w ؔ਺ w ஋ܕͷϝιου w FYUFOTJPOʹॻ͍ͨϝιου w pOBMͳϝιου

%ZOBNJD%JTQBUDI w $MBTTͷϝιου w 1SPUPDPMͷϝιου protocol Animal { func foo() } struct Cat: Animal { func foo() {} } func callFoo(_ animal: T) { animal.foo() }

w $MBTTͷϝιουΦʔόʔϥΠυ w 1SPUPDPMͷϝιουෳ਺ͷܕ͕४ڌ %ZOBNJD%JTQBUDI protocol Animal { func foo() } struct Cat: Animal { func foo() {} } func callFoo(_ animal: T) { animal.foo() } ಉ͡γάωνϟͷϝιου͕ෳ਺ଘࡏ͢Δ

.FUIPE%JTQBUDIͷύλʔϯ w 4UBUJD%JTQBUDI w ݺͼग़͢ϝιουΛίϯύΠϧ࣌ʹܾΊΔ w %ZOBNJD%JTQBUDI w ݺͼग़͢ϝιουΛ࣮ߦ࣌ʹܾΊΔ

.FUIPE%JTQBUDIͷύλʔϯ w 4UBUJD%JTQBUDI w ݺͼग़͢ϝιουΛίϯύΠϧ࣌ʹܾΊΔ w %ZOBNJD%JTQBUDI w ݺͼग़͢ϝιουΛ࣮ߦ࣌ʹܾΊΔ w 75BCMF w 8JUOFTT5BCMF

75BCMF w Ծ૝ؔ਺ςʔϒϧ͔ΒϝιουΛ୳ࡧ͢Δ%JTQBUDIํࣜ w ΫϥεͷϝιουΛݺͼग़࣌͢ʹ࢖͏ w ΠϯελϯεͷϝλσʔλʹຒΊࠐ·ΕΔ

func Animal.bark() *Animal.bark 75BCMFGPS"OJNBM class Animal { func bark() {} }

func Animal.bark() *Animal.bark 75BCMFGPS$BU *Animal.bark 75BCMFGPS"OJNBM class Animal { func bark() {} } class Cat: Animal { }

func Cat.foo() func Animal.bark() *Animal.bark *Animal.bark *Cat.foo 75BCMFGPS"OJNBM 75BCMFGPS$BU class Animal { func bark() {} } class Cat: Animal { func foo() {} }

class Animal { func bark() {} } class Cat: Animal { override func bark() {} func foo() {} } 75BCMFGPS$BU func Animal.bark() 75BCMFGPS"OJNBM *Animal.bark *Animal.bark *Cat.foo func Cat.bark() func Cat.foo()

8JUOFTT5BCMF w Ծ૝ؔ਺ςʔϒϧ͔ΒϝιουΛ୳ࡧ͢Δ%JTQBUDIํࣜ w ϓϩτίϧͷϝιουΛݺͼग़࣌͢ʹ࢖͏ w ϓϩτίϧ΁ͷ४ڌ͝ͱʹఆٛ͞ΕΔ

protocol Animal { func bark() }

protocol Animal { func bark() } struct Dog: Animal { func bark() {} } 8JUOFTT5BCMFGPS"OJNBM JODPOGPSNBODF%PH *Animal.bark func Animal.bark(dog) { Dog.bark(dog) } 8JUOFTTNFUIPEGPS"OJNBM JODPOGPSNBODF%PH

ʮΘΜʯ໰୊

class Cat { func bark() -> String { return "ʹΌΜ" } } class Dog { func bark() -> String { return “ΘΜ" } } let cat = Cat() let dog = unsafeBitCast(cat, to: Dog.self) print(dog.bark()) ϝϞϦϨΠΞ΢τ͸มߋ͞Εͳ͍ ࢀর͢ΔVTable΋มΘΒͳ͍ Catͷςʔϒϧ͕ࢀর͞ΕΔ ʮʹΌΜʯ͕ग़ྗ͞ΕΔ͸ͣʂ

͔͠͠ɺ

class Cat { func bark() -> String { return "ʹΌΜ" } } class Dog { func bark() -> String { return "ΘΜ" } } let cat = Cat() let dog = unsafeBitCast(cat, to: Dog.self) print(dog.bark()) // ΘΜ ʮΘΜʯ

No content

࠷దԽΛΦϑʹͯ͠ΈΔ

$ swiftc -frontend -c -primary-file animal.swift $ swiftc animal.o $ ./animal ʹΌΜ ʮʹΌΜʯ

࠷దԽͷաఔʹԿ͔͋Γͦ͏

%FWJSUVBMJ[F

%FWJSUVBMJ[F w 4*-0QUJNJ[FSͷ࠷దԽύε w %ZOBNJD%JTQBUDIΛ4UBUJD%JTQBUDIʹ࠷దԽ͢Δ w ίϯύΠϧ࣌ͷܕ৘ใ͔ΒϝιουΛ̍ͭʹܾΊΔ

75BCMFͷ࠷దԽ

USZ%FWJSUVBMJ[F"QQMZ auto &M = FAS.getModule(); auto Instance = stripUpCasts(CMI->getOperand()); auto ClassType = Instance->getType(); ... if (isEffectivelyFinalMethod(FAS, ClassType, CD, CHA)) return tryDevirtualizeClassMethod(FAS, Instance, ORE, true /*isEffectivelyFinalMethod*/); if (auto Instance = getInstanceWithExactDynamicType(CMI->getOperand(), CMI->getModule(), CHA)) return tryDevirtualizeClassMethod(FAS, Instance, ORE); if (auto ExactTy = getExactDynamicType(CMI->getOperand(), CMI->getModule(), CHA)) { if (ExactTy == CMI->getOperand()->getType()) return tryDevirtualizeClassMethod(FAS, CMI->getOperand(), ORE); } MJC4*-0QUJNJ[FS6UJMT%FWJSUVBMJ[FDQQ

USZ%FWJSUVBMJ[F"QQMZ auto &M = FAS.getModule(); auto Instance = stripUpCasts(CMI->getOperand()); auto ClassType = Instance->getType(); ... if (isEffectivelyFinalMethod(FAS, ClassType, CD, CHA)) return tryDevirtualizeClassMethod(FAS, Instance, ORE, true /*isEffectivelyFinalMethod*/); if (auto Instance = getInstanceWithExactDynamicType(CMI->getOperand(), CMI->getModule(), CHA)) return tryDevirtualizeClassMethod(FAS, Instance, ORE); if (auto ExactTy = getExactDynamicType(CMI->getOperand(), CMI->getModule(), CHA)) { if (ExactTy == CMI->getOperand()->getType()) return tryDevirtualizeClassMethod(FAS, CMI->getOperand(), ORE); } Πϯελϯεͷ࣮ߦ࣌ͷܕ͕੩తʹܾఆͰ͖Δύλʔϯ MJC4*-0QUJNJ[FS6UJMT%FWJSUVBMJ[FDQQ

%FWJSUVBMJ[FGPS75BCMF class Animal { func bark() {} } class Cat: Animal { override func bark() {} } let animal: Animal = Cat() // ΠχγϟϥΠβ͔Β࡞ͬͯΔͷͰCatܕ animal.bark() Πϯελϯεͷ࣮ߦ࣌ͷܕ͕੩తʹܾఆͰ͖Δύλʔϯ

USZ%FWJSUVBMJ[F"QQMZ auto &M = FAS.getModule(); auto Instance = stripUpCasts(CMI->getOperand()); auto ClassType = Instance->getType(); ... if (isEffectivelyFinalMethod(FAS, ClassType, CD, CHA)) return tryDevirtualizeClassMethod(FAS, Instance, ORE, true /*isEffectivelyFinalMethod*/); if (auto Instance = getInstanceWithExactDynamicType(CMI->getOperand(), CMI->getModule(), CHA)) return tryDevirtualizeClassMethod(FAS, Instance, ORE); if (auto ExactTy = getExactDynamicType(CMI->getOperand(), CMI->getModule(), CHA)) { if (ExactTy == CMI->getOperand()->getType()) return tryDevirtualizeClassMethod(FAS, CMI->getOperand(), ORE); } ϝιου͕z࣮࣭pOBMzͳύλʔϯ MJC4*-0QUJNJ[FS6UJMT%FWJSUVBMJ[FDQQ

JT&⒎FDUJWFMZ'JOBM.FUIPE static bool isEffectivelyFinalMethod(FullApplySite AI, SILType ClassType, ClassDecl *CD, ClassHierarchyAnalysis *CHA) { if (CD && CD->isFinal()) return true; const DeclContext *DC = AI.getModule().getAssociatedContext(); auto *CMI = cast(AI.getCallee()); if (!calleesAreStaticallyKnowable(AI.getModule(), CMI->getMember())) return false; auto *Method = CMI->getMember().getAbstractFunctionDecl(); if (!Method->isOverridden()) return true; ... return true; } ϝιου͕z࣮࣭pOBMzͳύλʔϯ MJC4*-0QUJNJ[FS6UJMT%FWJSUVBMJ[FDQQ

JT&⒎FDUJWFMZ'JOBM.FUIPE static bool isEffectivelyFinalMethod(FullApplySite AI, SILType ClassType, ClassDecl *CD, ClassHierarchyAnalysis *CHA) { if (CD && CD->isFinal()) return true; const DeclContext *DC = AI.getModule().getAssociatedContext(); auto *CMI = cast(AI.getCallee()); if (!calleesAreStaticallyKnowable(AI.getModule(), CMI->getMember())) return false; auto *Method = CMI->getMember().getAbstractFunctionDecl(); if (!Method->isOverridden()) return true; ... return true; } ϝιου͕z࣮࣭pOBMzͳύλʔϯ MJC4*-0QUJNJ[FS6UJMT%FWJSUVBMJ[FDQQ

JT&⒎FDUJWFMZ'JOBM.FUIPE static bool isEffectivelyFinalMethod(FullApplySite AI, SILType ClassType, ClassDecl *CD, ClassHierarchyAnalysis *CHA) { if (CD && CD->isFinal()) return true; const DeclContext *DC = AI.getModule().getAssociatedContext(); auto *CMI = cast(AI.getCallee()); if (!calleesAreStaticallyKnowable(AI.getModule(), CMI->getMember())) return false; auto *Method = CMI->getMember().getAbstractFunctionDecl(); if (!Method->isOverridden()) return true; ... return true; } ϝιου͕z࣮࣭pOBMzͳύλʔϯ MJC4*-0QUJNJ[FS6UJMT%FWJSUVBMJ[FDQQ

DBMMFFT"SF4UBUJDBMMZ,OPXBCMF bool swift::calleesAreStaticallyKnowable(SILModule &M, SILDeclRef Decl) { ... switch (AFD->getEffectiveAccess()) { case AccessLevel::Open: return false; case AccessLevel::Public: if (isa(AFD)) { auto *ND = AFD->getDeclContext()->getSelfNominalTypeDecl(); if (ND->getEffectiveAccess() == AccessLevel::Open) return false; } case AccessLevel::Internal: return M.isWholeModule(); case AccessLevel::FilePrivate: case AccessLevel::Private: return true; } } ϝιουΛ੩తʹܾఆͰ͖Δύλʔϯ MJC4*-0QUJNJ[FS6UJMT-PDBMDQQ

JT&⒎FDUJWFMZ'JOBM.FUIPE static bool isEffectivelyFinalMethod(FullApplySite AI, SILType ClassType, ClassDecl *CD, ClassHierarchyAnalysis *CHA) { if (CD && CD->isFinal()) return true; const DeclContext *DC = AI.getModule().getAssociatedContext(); auto *CMI = cast(AI.getCallee()); if (!calleesAreStaticallyKnowable(AI.getModule(), CMI->getMember())) return false; auto *Method = CMI->getMember().getAbstractFunctionDecl(); if (!Method->isOverridden()) return true; ... return true; } ϝιου͕z࣮࣭pOBMzͳύλʔϯ MJC4*-0QUJNJ[FS6UJMT%FWJSUVBMJ[FDQQ

JT&⒎FDUJWFMZ'JOBM.FUIPE static bool isEffectivelyFinalMethod(FullApplySite AI, SILType ClassType, ClassDecl *CD, ClassHierarchyAnalysis *CHA) { ... if (!Method->isOverridden()) return true; ClassHierarchyAnalysis::ClassList Subs; getAllSubclasses(CHA, CD, ClassType, AI.getModule(), Subs); auto *ImplMethod = CD->findImplementingMethod(Method); for (auto S : Subs) { auto *ImplFD = S->findImplementingMethod(Method); if (ImplFD != ImplMethod) return false; } return true; } ϝιου͕z࣮࣭pOBMzͳύλʔϯ MJC4*-0QUJNJ[FS6UJMT%FWJSUVBMJ[FDQQ

JT&⒎FDUJWFMZ'JOBM.FUIPE static bool isEffectivelyFinalMethod(FullApplySite AI, SILType ClassType, ClassDecl *CD, ClassHierarchyAnalysis *CHA) { ... if (!Method->isOverridden()) return true; ClassHierarchyAnalysis::ClassList Subs; getAllSubclasses(CHA, CD, ClassType, AI.getModule(), Subs); auto *ImplMethod = CD->findImplementingMethod(Method); for (auto S : Subs) { auto *ImplFD = S->findImplementingMethod(Method); if (ImplFD != ImplMethod) return false; } return true; } ϝιου͕z࣮࣭pOBMzͳύλʔϯ MJC4*-0QUJNJ[FS6UJMT%FWJSUVBMJ[FDQQ

JT&⒎FDUJWFMZ'JOBM.FUIPE static bool isEffectivelyFinalMethod(FullApplySite AI, SILType ClassType, ClassDecl *CD, ClassHierarchyAnalysis *CHA) { ... if (!Method->isOverridden()) return true; ClassHierarchyAnalysis::ClassList Subs; getAllSubclasses(CHA, CD, ClassType, AI.getModule(), Subs); auto *ImplMethod = CD->findImplementingMethod(Method); for (auto S : Subs) { auto *ImplFD = S->findImplementingMethod(Method); if (ImplFD != ImplMethod) return false; } return true; } ϝιου͕z࣮࣭pOBMzͳύλʔϯ MJC4*-0QUJNJ[FS6UJMT%FWJSUVBMJ[FDQQ

0WFSSJEF͞ΕͭͭΠϯελϯε͕ ͦͷαϒΫϥεʹͳΓಘͳ͍৔߹ class Cat { func bark() {} } enum Tama {} enum Kuro {} class TamaCat: Cat { override func bark() {} } func callBark(cat: Cat) { cat.bark() }

class Cat { func bark() {} } enum Tama {} enum Kuro {} // CatͷαϒλΠϓͰ͸ͳ͍ class TamaCat: Cat { override func bark() {} } func callBark(cat: Cat) { cat.bark() } 0WFSSJEF͞ΕͭͭΠϯελϯε͕ ͦͷαϒΫϥεʹͳΓಘͳ͍৔߹

JT&⒎FDUJWFMZ'JOBM.FUIPE ϝιου͕z࣮࣭pOBMzͳύλʔϯ

ʮΘΜʯ໰୊

class Cat { func bark() -> String { return “ʹΌΜ" } } class Dog { func bark() -> String { return "ΘΜ" } } let cat = Cat() let dog = unsafeBitCast(cat, to: Dog.self) print(dog.bark()) // ΘΜ ࠷దԽ͋Γͷ৔߹ Dog.barkϝιου͸non-final ΦʔόʔϥΠυ͞Ε͍ͯͳ͍ͷͰ”࣮࣭final” dog.bark()͕Static Dispatchʹ࠷దԽ͞ΕΔ

࠷దԽͳ͠ͷ৔߹ class Cat { func bark() -> String { return “ʹΌΜ" } } class Dog { func bark() -> String { return "ΘΜ" } } let cat = Cat() let dog = unsafeBitCast(cat, to: Dog.self) print(dog.bark()) // ʹΌΜ Whole Module࠷దԽ͕Φϑ Ϟδϡʔϧ಺ͰΦʔόʔϥΠυ͞ΕΔՄೳੑ͕͋Δ ΠϯελϯεͷϝλσʔλͷVTable͔Β Dynamic Dispatch͢Δ

%JTQBUDI 1FSGPSNBODF

LBUFJOPJHBLVLVO%JTQBUDI#FODINBSL

3VOUJNF1FSGPSNBODF /VNCFSPGEJTQBUDI $165JNF

·ͱΊ w %ZOBNJD%JTQBUDI͸΍͸Γ஗͍ w pOBM΍QSJWBUF͸ͪΌΜͱޮՌ͕͋Δ w ͕ɺίϯύΠϥ͕ݡ͍ͷͰେମ4UBUJD%JTQBUDIʹͳΔ w ίϯύΠϥΛಡΊ͹4XJGUͷڍಈ͕෼͔͓ͬͯ΋͠Ζ͍

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