GraphQL を活用したスキーマ駆動開発の実践 / schema-driven development with GraphQL

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GraphQL Λ׆༻ͨ͠ εΩʔϚۦಈ։ൃͷ࣮ફ @qsona 2021-09-08 MIDAS TECH STUDY #2

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whoami • @qsona • Web Engineer at Quipper Ltd • Microservices / Rails / Node.js / GraphQL

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ࠓճͷςʔϚ: ϑϩϯτΤϯυ։ൃޮ཰Խ

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։ൃʹ͓͚Δʮޮ཰Խʯͱ͸?

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Ϧιʔεޮ཰ͱϑϩʔޮ཰ • ΞδϟΠϧ։ൃͷจ຺ͰΑ͘ొ৔͢Δ֓೦ • ʮޮ཰ʯ(Efﬁciency) Λೋͭͷଆ໘͔Βఆ͍ٛͯ͠Δ

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Ϧιʔεޮ཰ γεςϜ։ൃͷจ຺ʹ͓͍ͯɺେࡶ೺ʹ͍͏ͱ: • ਓతϦιʔεͷྔ (ਓ਺ɾ೔਺) ʹରͯ͠ɺੜΈग़ͤΔػೳͷྔ • Ϧιʔεޮ཰͕ѱ͍ྫ • ϑϩϯτΤϯυͷ։ൃ͕։࢝Ͱ͖Δͷ͸ɺ  όοΫΤϯυͷ։ൃ͕ऴΘ͔ͬͯΒ  => όοΫΤϯυͷ։ൃ׬ྃ·ͰɺϑϩϯτΤϯδχΞ͕Ջ͍ͯ͠Δ

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ϑϩʔޮ཰ γεςϜ։ൃͷจ຺ʹ͓͍ͯɺେࡶ೺ʹ͍͏ͱ: • Ϣʔβʔʹػೳ͕ϦϦʔε͞ΕΔ·Ͱͷɺ࣌ؒͷ୹͞ • ϦϦʔε͞Εͳ͍ͱՁ஋ʹ͸ͳΒͳ͍ɻ  Ձ஋ʹͳΔ·Ͱͷ଴͕ͪ࣌ؒ௕͍ͱޮ཰͕ѱ͍ɺͱ͍͏ߟ͑ํ • ϑϩʔޮ཰͕ѱ͍ྫ • ػೳͷ͏ͪόοΫΤϯυͷ։ൃ͸͕ͨ͠ɺϑϩϯτΤϯυͷ։ൃ͕·ͩɻ  όοΫΤϯυࢹ఺Ͱ͸ϦϦʔε଴ͪͷঢ়ଶ͕௕͘ଓ͍͍ͯΔ

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εΩʔϚۦಈ։ൃͱ ։ൃޮ཰

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લఏɾԾఆ • ࠷ۙͷΞϓϦέʔγϣϯ։ൃ͸೉͍͠  શһ͕͢΂ͯͷྖҬΛ͜ͳ͢ͷ͸ࠔ೉ • େ͖͘ϑϩϯτΤϯυɾόοΫΤϯυͰ  εΩϧηοτ͕෼͔ΕΔ܏޲ʹ͋Δ • ࠓճ͸ όοΫΤϯυνʔϜ ͱ  ϑϩϯτΤϯυνʔϜ ͕ଘࡏ͢Δঢ়گΛԾఆ͢Δ

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ґଘؔ܎͕͋Δ • ґଘؔ܎͸ ϑϩϯτΤϯυ => όοΫΤϯυ • όοΫΤϯυ͕ఏڙ͢Δ API Λ  ϑϩϯτΤϯυ͕ར༻͢Δ • ૉ௚ʹߟ͑ΔͱɺόοΫΤϯυ => ϑϩϯτΤϯυͷॱͰ։ൃ ͢Δ͜ͱʹͳΔ => ޮ཰͕ѱ͍ (࣍ϖʔδ͔Βઆ໌)

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(1) ϑϩʔޮ཰͕ѱ͍ • όοΫΤϯυͰ࣮૷͞Εͨػೳ͕ɺ σϓϩΠ͞ΕΔ·Ͱʹ  ଴͕ͪ࣌ؒͰ͖Δ

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(2) Ϧιʔεޮ཰͕ѱ͍ • ϑϩϯτΤϯδχΞ͕࣮૷଴ͪͷؒɺՋʹͳͬͯ͠·͏

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(2) Ϧιʔεޮ཰͕ѱ͍ • ෳ਺ͷػೳΛॱʹճ͢͜ͱͰվળՄೳ • ͕ɺݱ࣮ʹ͸͜Μͳʹ៉ྷʹ͸͍͔ͳ͍ • όοΫΤϯυͷ࣮૷͕গ͠Ͱ΋஗ΕΔͱɺϑϩϯτΤϯυͷՋ͕ൃੜͯ͠͠·͏

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ͦ͜Ͱ εΩʔϚۦಈ։ൃ

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εΩʔϚۦಈ։ൃ • ͸͡Ίʹ API ͷεΩʔϚΛఆΊɺ  ϑϩϯτΤϯυ - όοΫΤϯυ ؒͰ߹ҙ͢Δ • ϑϩϯτΤϯυ͸ɺόοΫΤϯυͷ API ͷ࣮૷Λ଴ͨͣʹ  API εΩʔϚΛར༻࣮ͯ͠૷։࢝͢Δ • ΫϥΠΞϯτ্Ͱͷ੩తܕɺϞοΫαʔόʔͳͲ͕ಘΒΕɺ  ͋Δఔ౓͸ෆ౎߹ͳ͘։ൃͰ͖Δ

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εΩʔϚۦಈ։ൃͱ։ൃޮ཰ • (1) ϑϩʔޮ཰΁ͷد༩ • (2) Ϧιʔεޮ཰΁ͷد༩

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(1) ϑϩʔޮ཰΁ͷد༩ • όοΫΤϯυͱϑϩϯτΤϯυ͕ฒྻͰ։ൃͰ͖ΔͷͰɺ  ϑϩϯτΤϯυͷ଴ͪ࣌ؒΛͳͤ͘Δ

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(2) Ϧιʔεޮ཰΁ͷد༩ • όοΫΤϯυͱϑϩϯτΤϯυͷ։ൃͷґଘؔ܎Λͳͤ͘ΔͷͰɺ  ͦΕͧΕͷ։ൃͷॱং͕ࣗ༝ʹͳΔ • ݁Ռͱͯ͠ɺϦιʔεޮ཰Λ௥͍ٻΊΔ͜ͱ͕ՄೳʹͳΔ

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ελσΟαϓϦʹ͓͚Δ GraphQLɾεΩʔϚۦಈ։ൃͷ ࣮ફࣄྫ

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৽ن։ൃϓϩδΣΫτʹ͍ͭͯ • ։ൃ͢Δ΋ͷ • iOS / Android / PC Web Apps • Backend APIs • ίϯςϯπΛ؅ཧ͢ΔγεςϜ • ։ൃظؒ: > 1೥ • ։ൃऀͷਓ਺: > 10ਓ

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৽ن։ൃʹ GraphQL Λશ໘࠾༻ • client => gateway => backends  શମͰ GraphQL Λ࠾༻ • gateway ͸ schema stitching Λར༻͍ͯ͠Δ • ͦͷଞར༻ٕज़ • Ruby on Rails • Node.js + TypeScript + Apollo Server + Prisma 2 • React, Apollo Client

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εΩʔϚۦಈ։ൃͷԸܙ • ίϛϡχέʔγϣϯͷϩε͕গͳ͘ɺ  ҆ఆͯ͠։ൃΛਐΊΒΕͨ • Ϧιʔεޮ཰ΛٻΊɺ  backend / frontend ͦΕͧΕ ~9ϲ݄ؒ  ಠཱͯ͠։ൃͨ͠ • ܨ͗͜Έ΋௒εϜʔζ • 1िؒͰશ෦ܨ͗͜Έ׬ྃͨ͠

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εΩʔϚۦಈ։ൃʹ GraphQL Λར༻͢ΔϝϦοτ • εΩʔϚͱ࣮૷͕ဃ཭͠΍͍͢ͱɺܨ͗͜Έ࣌ʹൃ֮͢Δ໰୊͕૿͑ɺ࣌ؒ ͕͔͔Δ (=ޮ཰͕Լ͕Δ) • GraphQL Λར༻͢ΔͱɺαʔόʔɾΫϥΠΞϯτ૒ํͰ  εΩʔϚͱ࣮૷ͷဃ཭͕ى͖ʹ͍͘ • αʔόʔ: εΩʔϚΛຬͨ͞ͳ͍ϨεϙϯεΛฦͦ͏ͱ͢ΔͱΤϥʔʹͳΔ • ΫϥΠΞϯτ: ੩తܕΛࣗಈੜ੒͠ɺར༻Ͱ͖Δ

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ฐνʔϜʹ͓͚Δ GraphQL εΩʔϚۦಈ։ൃͷϑϩʔ • εΩʔϚ͸࠷ऴతʹ GraphQL Gateway ʹఆٛ͞ΕΔɻ  ͜Ε͸֤ Backend Service ʹఆٛ͞Εͨ΋ͷ͕ू໿͞Ε͍ͯΔ • ϑϩϯτΤϯυओಋͰεΩʔϚΛॻ͘ͱ͖͸  Ұ୴ GraphQL Gateway αʔϏεʹ௚઀ॻ͘ • ϞοΫαʔόʔͱͯ͠ఏڙͰ͖Δ • ࣮૷࣌ʹɺεΩʔϚఆٛΛ֤όοΫΤϯυαʔϏεʹҠಈ͢Δ • ※ ͜ͷ෦෼Ͱͪΐͬͱͨ͠೰Έ͋Γ (ӈͷπΠʔτ)

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Q. ୭͕εΩʔϚΛॻ͘΂͖͔? • A. ͦͷػೳͷಛੑʹΑΔ • ࠷ऴతʹ߹ҙͰ͖Ε͹Α͍ɻ୭͕ॻ͍ͯ΋Α͍ • ϑϩϯτΤϯυΤϯδχΞ΍ϓϩμΫτϚωʔδϟʔ͕εΩʔϚΛॻ͚Δͱɺ  ϑϩʔޮ཰Խʹͭͳ͕Δ • ։ൃͷग़ൃ఺Ͱ͋Δʮཁٻʯʹ͍ۙ • όοΫΤϯυ࣮૷͕೉͍͠ػೳ͸ɺόοΫΤϯυΤϯδχΞ͕ఆٛͨ͠΄͏͕ྑ͍ • ࣮૷Ͱ͖ͳ͍εΩʔϚʹ͸ҙຯ͕ͳ͍ͨΊ

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Q. ୭͕εΩʔϚΛॻ͘΂͖͔? • εΩʔϚઃܭʹ͸ίπ͕͋Γɺ୭͕ॻ͘ʹͯ͠΋ମಘ͢Δඞཁ͕͋Δ • ը໘࢓༷ͱDBઃܭͷؒʹ͋ΔʮϦιʔεʯΛ͏·͘ଊ͑Δ • GraphQL ͷ৔߹͸ͦΕΛ GraphQL Type ͱͯ͠දݱ͢Δ • ͭ·ΓɺϑϩϯτΤϯυΤϯδχΞͰ͋Ε͹DBઃܭΛΠϝʔδ͠ɺ  όοΫΤϯυΤϯδχΞͰ͋Ε͹ը໘࣮૷ΛΠϝʔδͰ͖Δͱ͏·͘ ͍͖΍͍͢

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·ͱΊ • εΩʔϚۦಈ։ൃΛ࣮ફ͢Δ͜ͱͰɺ  Ϧιʔεޮ཰·ͨ͸ϑϩʔޮ཰ΛߴΊΔ͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖Δ • GraphQL Λར༻͢Δͱɺͭͳ͗͜Έͷਫ਼౓΋ඇৗʹߴ͍ • εΩʔϚ͸୭͕ॻ͍ͯ΋Α͍ɻ  ର৅ػೳͷಛੑ΍ɺνʔϜͷঢ়گͳͲʹΑͬͯม͑ΔͱΑ͍

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We're hiring! • GraphQL, Microservices ͸΋ͪΖΜ  ϑϩϯτΤϯυ͔ΒόοΫΤϯυ·Ͱ  ޿͍ٕज़ʹ৮ΕΒΕΔػձ͋Γ • ·ͣ͸ΧδϡΞϧ໘ஊ͔Βɺͥͻ͝Ԡื͍ͩ͘͞ 😁