Design Patterns in Luster

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Me ㇼِ๊ ⼵ዾ⳻⭞ፒ㊴ӫٯ ⹔㕲೸⁰ഥ KBTPO!MVTUFSUFDIOFU

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Reference 啓❔˗ፇ

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ᄎⵠ"CTUSBDUJPO ౽⭉&ODBQTVMBUJPO ઑ঎1PMZNPSQIJTN ␷უ*OIFSJUBODF Object Oriented Basic

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⽤用情境，學設計模式

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ฟˠฟˠ̴ո

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⽁ጊⵠெு⼷࿿ӷٻ ᘳኛ㟓ఇ

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Class Diagram MallardDuck display() { } swim() quack() RedheadDuck display() { } swim() quack()

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Class Diagram MallardDuck display() { } swim() quack() RedheadDuck display() { } swim() quack() Duck

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Class Diagram MallardDuck display() { } display() { } RedheadDuck Duck swim() quack()

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Class Diagram MallardDuck display() { } display() { } RedheadDuck Duck swim() quack() display()

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Class Diagram MallardDuck display() { } display() { } RedheadDuck Duck swim() quack() display() ⭶⭶৙৙ ₇㐤ḑ㚰୏

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ᴴኁക॒ℍᬘ᥺ᨰ㡲 ࿩ϻ᜜எቹচ㌾ᛵƭ

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ଆₘ⇯ሰđಆڿϱ ᜫᎭɿ࠭ ྍ

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࿩ٯ㌾⬕ ࢭᬛ㐰՟%VDLˑְʽGMZ ቿᝢ ဈ፞⎋့ḝ㚼୛௭ፚ㑞˺ ⨪⇐ޭḝ㡧 “ ” ⽁ጊⵠெு⼷࿿፞㋀ӷٻ ⛝㚐ഄ⁼റ+BTPO

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MallardDuck display() { } ⭶⭶৙৙ ₇㐤ḑ㚰୏ Duck quack() display() swim() RedheadDuck display() { } ن Class Diagram

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MallardDuck display() { } ⭶⭶৙৙ ₇㐤ḑ㚰୏ Duck quack() display() swim() RedheadDuck display() { } ﬂy() Jason’s Class Diagram

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ʮ಻ԟɓ˂ රЍ෧ᇭᎭ௞್ɰึ࠭ə－－|||

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No content

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What’s happened ? Duck quack() display() swim() ﬂy() RubberDuck quack() { 吱吱叫; } @Override display() { }

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⎋့㡲 ʷ၂Ոӵ㎁Ջƭ

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Duck quack() display() swim() ﬂy() RubberDuck display() { } quack() { 吱吱叫; } @Override ˼ഌਣᙜ㡲⽾࿩௭ ၂3VCCFS%VDLḝGMZ ᄋ␼ჱ ௭҃ᄋ␼RVBDL ʷᖈ㡧 “ ”

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Jason’s Class Diagram II Duck quack() display() swim() ﬂy() RubberDuck quack() { 吱吱叫; } @Override display() { } ﬂy() { // Do nothing! } @Override

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ਣᏋ̴รְٙӲ 㗚᧾㚼㡲 ᬺˀፚٰ㡲ˀፚ㑞㡲ˀፚᡛ᝼㡲⽾ٙፚਣ͹ہ㡺 “ ” FireDuck quack() { // Do nothing! } @Override display() { } ﬂy() { // Do nothing! } @Override swim() { // Do nothing! } @Override

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բᴫ⎋့ᄧδ㚼୛⨸ᨫ㡲 ፚ௜▋ʾ՘ܦ̇⎧㟈㡺㡮৥⽜㡯 A. ⁼ීᾗࢭ৥϶ᘫ㐰՟ˑて⪹ B. ण⨸፮ḝ⨸ᨫˀዀሪⲇ C. ࿩ϻˀⓣⲌ㚼୛ⶴ▬ D. ㌬̴ศἏဈ፞㚼୛ḝӴ⾪⨸ᨫ E. 㚼୛ˀⓣڇዛٙ㑞ٰٙ F. ሪⲇፚ᭎ʷ㖍׈Ӵ⹇㡲⼠࿨Ӽ̨㚼୛ˀ༙⬕ḝሪⲇ

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ਣᏋ̴รְӲ ፐ৥㚼୛ “ ” ࿭⑅ ፐ৥ḝ⨸ᨫ “ ” ᚢₓ㚼ḝ ⨸ᨫٙˀʷ▋ “ ”

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ط౏Ⴛὺ⇟Ⴈὺӵ֥ٚൔđପ໡⃈҂൞ေ

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஼Ꭽᄲݟ ط౏Ⴛὺ⇟Ⴈὺӵ֥ٚൔđପ໡⃈҂൞ေ

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ᨫ˺⽣ӣ ቹচʷ϶୛㐰՟㡲௭㏴⬙ெˀ㌾⬕ḝ⨸ᨫ࿭ ቹচʷ϶ቹ⨸ᨫ㡲௭㏴てቹ௄⬣୛㐰՟㡲 “ ” ⮦⮦բᴫ̣㎁ਣ͹㡺

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Duck display() swim() Flyable ﬂy() Quackable quack() MallardDuck RedheadDuck RubberDuck ᨫ˺⽣ӣ ቹচʷ϶୛㐰՟㡲௭㏴⬙ெˀ㌾⬕ḝ⨸ᨫ࿭ ቹচʷ϶ቹ⨸ᨫ㡲௭㏴てቹ௄⬣୛㐰՟㡲 “ ” ⮦⮦բᴫ̣㎁ਣ͹㡺

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Duck display() swim() Flyable ﬂy() Quackable quack() MallardDuck display() RedheadDuck display() RubberDuck display() ᨫ˺⽣ӣ ቹচʷ϶୛㐰՟㡲௭㏴⬙ெˀ㌾⬕ḝ⨸ᨫ࿭ ቹচʷ϶ቹ⨸ᨫ㡲௭㏴てቹ௄⬣୛㐰՟㡲 “ ” ⮦⮦բᴫ̣㎁ਣ͹㡺

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Duck display() swim() Flyable fly() Quackable quack() MallardDuck fly() display() RedheadDuck fly() display() RubberDuck display() ᨫ˺⽣ӣ ቹচʷ϶୛㐰՟㡲௭㏴⬙ெˀ㌾⬕ḝ⨸ᨫ࿭ ቹচʷ϶ቹ⨸ᨫ㡲௭㏴てቹ௄⬣୛㐰՟㡲 “ ” ⮦⮦բᴫ̣㎁ਣ͹㡺

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Duck display() swim() Flyable fly() Quackable quack() MallardDuck fly() display() quack() RedheadDuck fly() display() quack() RubberDuck display() quack() ᨫ˺⽣ӣ ቹচʷ϶୛㐰՟㡲௭㏴⬙ெˀ㌾⬕ḝ⨸ᨫ࿭ ቹচʷ϶ቹ⨸ᨫ㡲௭㏴てቹ௄⬣୛㐰՟㡲 “ ” ⮦⮦բᴫ̣㎁ਣ͹㡺

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Duck display() swim() Flyable fly() Quackable quack() MallardDuck display() RedheadDuck display() RubberDuck display() ৳ሼ㡲⁼ීᾗて⪹˺ “ ” fly() quack() fly() quack() quack()

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ਣᏋ΄ዑ+BTPO㡲΄⬕๶㞲б ہ㡺

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設計守則 Design Principle

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1 ಁℨ๿ͻ ᐆⴳڠỉざ׷ ܋װͷ౽⭉

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ۃ Ù ڛ ʴፎ㑒

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ۃ Ù ڛ ʴፎ㑒 ௕ⲇ׵٠Յ㡲ˍ௑⪝

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ۃ Ù ڛ ௕ⲇ׵٠Յ㡲ˍ௑⪝ ʴፎ㑒

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ۃ Ù ڛ ௕ⲇ׵٠Յ㡲ˍ௑⪝ ʴፎ㑒

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ۃ Ù ڛ ʴፎ㑒 ௕ⲇ׵٠Յ㡲ˍ௑⪝

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ۃ Ù ڛ ʴፎ㑒 ௕ⲇ׵٠Յ㡲ˍ௑⪝ 㚼୛㐰՟ ḗ⒅⨸ᨫ 㑞⨸⨸ᨫ

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㚼୛㐰՟ ḗ⒅⨸ᨫ 㑞⨸⨸ᨫ 1 ಁⴳڠ܋װ ͷ౽⭉

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౲ℨ๿ ፽ㄡಇύ㒘⓵౲ ͪ፽ㄡಇ౭Ъ⓵౲ 2

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Program to an ! interface,! not an implementation. 2

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1SPHSBNUPBOJOUFSGBDF Ẃᙛḝ༲ຄዑ 1SPHSBNUPBTVQFSUZQF

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Example Soldier attack() Sniper attack() {! ! snipe();! } snipe() Stormtrooper attack() {! ! shoot();! } shoot() 4VQFSUZQF٨̨ዅ ၖⲨ㐤Փ࿡̗㍵

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Program to an implement Sniper soldier = new Sniper(); soldier.attack();

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Program to an interface Sniper soldier = new Sniper(); soldier.attack(); Soldier soldier = new Sniper(); soldier.attack();

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Sniper soldier = new Sniper(); soldier.attack(); Soldier soldier = new Sniper(); soldier.attack(); Soldier soldier = getSoldier(); soldier.attack(); #FUUFSTPMVUJPO㡧 ࢡग⨬።㉖㡤ဆႍஂவⶻḑᬳ̲ Program to an interface

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ࢄեᖇᇯ㚼୛

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ḗ⒅⨸ᨫ 㑞⨸⨸ᨫ QuackBehavior quack() << interface >> FlyBehavior ﬂy() << interface >>

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ḗ⒅⨸ᨫ 㑞⨸⨸ᨫ QuackBehavior quack() << interface >> FlyBehavior fly() << interface >> Squeak quack() { 吱吱叫; } MuteQuack quack() { 不會叫; } Quack quack() { 呱呱叫; } FlyWithWings fly() { ⽤用翅膀飛; } FlyWithRocket fly() { ⽤用⽕火箭飛; } FlyNoWay fly() { 不會飛; }

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Duck display() swim()

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Duck display() swim() QuackBehavior quackBehavior FlyBehavior ﬂyBehavior ḗ⒅⨸ᨫ 㑞⨸⨸ᨫ public abstract class Duck { QuackBehavior quackBehavior; FlyBehavior flyBehavior; }

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Duck display() swim() performQuack() performFly() QuackBehavior quackBehavior FlyBehavior ﬂyBehavior ḗ⒅⨸ᨫ 㑞⨸⨸ᨫ public abstract class Duck { QuackBehavior quackBehavior; FlyBehavior flyBehavior; ! public void performQuack() { ! } public void performFly() {…} } quackBehavior.quack(); ㊕㆕ࢭኁ㡲㚼୛ᱞࢭፚ௕୾ḝ⨸ᨫ㡲 ਫ਼ឳ㡮EFMFHBUF㡯⊸՟̘⢱ᱥ㡲 ⑉ˀዑ௕୾எ⏻ࢭ▅ഋ࿭୛㐰՟⪠㡧

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public abstract class Duck { QuackBehavior quackBehavior; FlyBehavior flyBehavior; ! public void performQuack() { quackBehavior.quack(); } public void performFly() {…} } ⽾ਣ͹⮀எ㚼୛⨸ᨫḝ ு㕾ⲇቒ㡺

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public abstract class Duck { QuackBehavior quackBehavior; FlyBehavior flyBehavior; ! public void performQuack() { quackBehavior.quack(); } public void performFly() {…} } public class MallardDuck extends Duck { ! public MallardDuck() { quackBehavior = new Quack(); flyBehavior = new FlyWithNoWings(); } ! public void display() {…} } ࢭ୛㐰՟ḝෆᕌී⪠

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ᡐ⮦

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public class DuckSimulator { ! public static void main(String[] args) { Duck mallard = new MallardDuck(); mallard.performQuack(); } }

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public class DuckSimulator { ! public static void main(String[] args) { Duck mallard = new MallardDuck(); mallard.performQuack(); } } ۃ

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׈ཙ⮀எ㚼୛⨸ᨫ

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Duck display() swim() performQuack() performFly() QuackBehavior quackBehavior FlyBehavior ﬂyBehavior public abstract class Duck { QuackBehavior quackBehavior; FlyBehavior flyBehavior; ! public void performQuack() { quackBehavior.quack(); } public void performFly() {…} ! }

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public abstract class Duck { QuackBehavior quackBehavior; FlyBehavior flyBehavior; ! public void performQuack() { quackBehavior.quack(); } public void performFly() {…} ! } Duck display() swim() performQuack() performFly() QuackBehavior quackBehavior FlyBehavior ﬂyBehavior setQuackBehavior() setFlyBehavior()

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Duck display() swim() performQuack() performFly() QuackBehavior quackBehavior FlyBehavior ﬂyBehavior setQuackBehavior() setFlyBehavior() public abstract class Duck { QuackBehavior quackBehavior; FlyBehavior flyBehavior; ! public void performQuack() { quackBehavior.quack(); } public void performFly() {…} ! public void setQuackBehavior( QuackBehavior behavior) { this.quackBehavior = behavior; } public void setFlyBehavior… }

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ᡐ⮦

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public class DuckSimulator { ! public static void main(String[] args) { Duck mallard = new MallardDuck(); mallard.performQuack(); mallard.setQuackBehavior(new Squeak()); mallard.performQuack(); } } ۃ

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public class DuckSimulator { ! public static void main(String[] args) { Duck mallard = new MallardDuck(); mallard.performQuack(); mallard.setQuackBehavior(new Squeak()); mallard.performQuack(); } }

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࿩ϻե൸б˺ܦ̇˼㡺

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QuackBehavior quack() << interface >> Quack quack() { 呱; } MuteQuack quack() {} Squeak quack() { 吱; } FlyBehavior fly() << interface >> FlyWithWings fly() { 拍翅膀; } FlyNoWay fly() {} FlyWithRocket fly() { 噴射; } ௅⪑㚰୏⨬᨟

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Duck QuackBehavior quack() << interface >> Quack quack() { 呱; } MuteQuack quack() {} Squeak quack() { 吱; } FlyBehavior fly() << interface >> FlyWithWings fly() { 拍翅膀; } FlyNoWay fly() {} FlyWithRocket fly() { 噴射; } MallardDuck display() swim() RedheadDuck display() swim() RubberDuck display() swim()

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Duck display() swim() QuackBehavior quackBehavior FlyBehavior flyBehavior QuackBehavior quack() << interface >> Quack quack() { 呱; } MuteQuack quack() {} Squeak quack() { 吱; } FlyBehavior fly() << interface >> FlyWithWings fly() { 拍翅膀; } FlyNoWay fly() {} FlyWithRocket fly() { 噴射; } MallardDuck display() RedheadDuck display() RubberDuck display()

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Duck display() swim() performQuack() performFly() QuackBehavior quackBehavior FlyBehavior flyBehavior QuackBehavior quack() << interface >> Quack quack() { 呱; } MuteQuack quack() {} Squeak quack() { 吱; } FlyBehavior fly() << interface >> FlyWithWings fly() { 拍翅膀; } FlyNoWay fly() {} FlyWithRocket fly() { 噴射; } ੒ឧ EFMFHBUF MallardDuck display() RedheadDuck display() RubberDuck display()

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Duck display() swim() performQuack() performFly() QuackBehavior quackBehavior FlyBehavior flyBehavior setQuackBehavior() setFlyBehavior() QuackBehavior quack() << interface >> Quack quack() { 呱; } MuteQuack quack() {} Squeak quack() { 吱; } FlyBehavior fly() << interface >> FlyWithWings fly() { 拍翅膀; } FlyNoWay fly() {} FlyWithRocket fly() { 噴射; } ּཌྷ⭴ஂ MallardDuck display() RedheadDuck display() RubberDuck display()

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Duck display() swim() performQuack() performFly() QuackBehavior quackBehavior FlyBehavior flyBehavior setQuackBehavior() setFlyBehavior() QuackBehavior quack() << interface >> Quack quack() { 呱; } MuteQuack quack() {} Squeak quack() { 吱; } FlyBehavior fly() << interface >> FlyWithWings fly() { 拍翅膀; } FlyNoWay fly() {} FlyWithRocket fly() { 噴射; } *4" )"4" *.1-&.&/5 MallardDuck display() RedheadDuck display() RubberDuck display()

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3 ઑᷗ⍋ܮ ಋᷗ␷უ

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⊟ڃ㡲 Ⲍᬿ̾ˣ㉢ḝ㊕φⲇศፐෳຌ㡲 ΄ᴢ▊ٴ̴ࢭण⨸፮ፐᄱ୾ϻ

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຾ޞ΄㡲୶ፚℴʷ϶ ⮀⭩ᖇී

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຾ޞ΄㡲୶ፚℴʷ϶ ⮀⭩ᖇී ⅒ᵖᖇී 4USBUFHZ

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策略模式 Strategy

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఺⒧͡⍋ᦤ∤᠎ Strategy 㚼୛㑞⨸⨸ᨫ

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఺⒧͡⍋ᦤ∤᠎ ಁᝎҠᦤ∤᠎で౽⭉⸃ю Strategy 㚼୛㑞⨸⨸ᨫ ᴫ␒┴㑞Ƭ᧾Ↄ㑞Ƭ ˀፚ㑞

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఺⒧͡⍋ᦤ∤᠎ ಁᝎҠᦤ∤᠎で౽⭉⸃ю ⴸϒҥ΍㍹ܟϞ἖Ϋᐃᇝ Strategy 㚼୛㑞⨸⨸ᨫ ᴫ␒┴㑞Ƭ᧾Ↄ㑞Ƭ ˀፚ㑞㞷◨௝㚼ٴ̴㋽ዛᴫ᧾ Ↄ㑞㡲࿭⑅ᴫ␒┴㑞

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఺⒧͡⍋ᦤ∤᠎ ಁᝎҠᦤ∤᠎で౽⭉⸃ю ⴸϒҥ΍㍹ܟϞ἖Ϋᐃᇝ Strategy ⇾Ḃᘳ๿ⴸᦤ∤᠎ỉⴳٳ ͪᐆ຺㔂ؐчᷗᦤ∤᠎ỉℨ๿

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為什麼我們需要學設計模式

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Z > B

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Z > B

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"MJDF ࿝⬋ӭ॓㌞॓㡦Ӫםˆ⠩㡦 Ӫ॓㞚ⓞ㌞㡦ࡷֳ॓⻆㒷㌞␆㡦⽞ፒʱ᎙٩ᕣ㡛 +BTPOʱ̍๖ᕣՁ̆㑲㡛

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"MJDF ࿝⬋ӭ॓㌞॓㡦Ӫםˆ⠩㡦 Ӫ॓㞚ⓞ㌞㡦ࡷֳ॓⻆㒷㌞␆㡦⽞ፒʱ᎙٩ᕣ㡛 ̜ϯӰவ㞼ʫᕼḑ㑰㞼㡙 +BTPOʱ̍๖ᕣՁ̆㑲㡛

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Jas "MJDF +BTPO㡦⯤ൎ࿝ံ࿼ፒ㚲୏ḑ㑔⨭⨭ ᨟ٕԺΙ㡪௉୲ϰ௅⪓࿜ʬϫʬϫ㐦 Ք㡦˂ʺⲂ୲ϰவ͵ʬϫ㑔⨭ḑ̘㍷㡛 ! ˘ทӻൎ࿝Ⲃ㚲୏ḑ㐦Ք٩̩ۍ٥⼏ ˼㑔⨭⨭᨟