Unikernels: what are they good for?

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Unikernels.  What are they good for? NYLUG 15 June 2016 @amirmc Amir Chaudhry … on behalf of many others!

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About me @amirmc Work at Docker  … in Cambridge, UK I have more hair on my face since this pic

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Software today… @amirmc

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…is an application … Software today… @amirmc

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…is an application … … on top of an Operating System. Software today… @amirmc

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Software today… @amirmc

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Software today… @amirmc

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Code you care about Code the OS insists you need @amirmc

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Software today… … is built locally… @amirmc

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Software today… … is built locally… … but deployed remotely… @amirmc

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Software today… … is built locally… … but deployed remotely… @amirmc … very remotely.

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Software today… …is complex! Even though most apps  are single-purpose @amirmc

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Complexity is the enemy… More pieces -> tricky conﬁg Duplication -> inefﬁciency Large sizes -> long boot times More stuff -> larger attack surface @amirmc

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Complexity is the enemy… @amirmc … but it depends. Complexity is relative  (kind of)

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Right tool for the job @amirmc

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Things are getting easier

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BUILD Developer Workflows SHIP Registry Services RUN Management Docker Toolbox Docker Trusted Registry Docker Universal Control Plane Docker Cloud Docker Engine Ecosystem Plugins and Integrations Docker Containers as a Service Platform

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An extreme view? Disentangle applications from the OS Break up OS functionality into modular components Link only the system functionality your app needs Target alternative platforms from a single codebase @amirmc

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Unikernels Model is “Just enough OS” for your speciﬁc app. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unikernel @amirmc Using a modular stack, every application is compiled into its own specialised OS, targeted for the cloud or embedded devices

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“Unikernels and Docker?”

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Continuum Disentangle applications from the OS Break up OS functionality into modular components Link only the system functionality your app needs Target alternative platforms from a single codebase @amirmc

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• LING • MirageOS • OSv • Rumprun • runtime.js • ClickOS • Clive • Drawbridge • HaLVM • IncludeOS @amirmc Unikernels

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Two broad approaches Consider legacy @amirmc Clean Slate Unikernels

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Two broad approaches Consider legacy @amirmc Clean Slate Unikernels

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Two broad approaches @amirmc Clean Slate Unikernels

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MirageOS

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MirageOS unikernel } @amirmc

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MirageOS @amirmc Target different environments

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MirageOS @amirmc

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unikernel } MirageOS Familiar development cycle Broad deployment scenarios @amirmc

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unikernel } MirageOS Familiar development cycle Broad deployment scenarios Target different environments Your usual tools @amirmc

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Demo:  Build on a Mac  Deploy to IoT @amirmc

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• Build and run an app in a Linux container • Retarget app for ARM backend • Deploy artefact onto an ARM device @amirmc

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Demo:  2048 game

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Demo  Guide 1 2 3 4

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• Built and ran an app in a Linux container! • Retargeted app for ARM backend! • Deployed artefact onto an ARM device! @amirmc

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Unikernel Recap • Highly specialised • Continuum with containers • Deploy to ARM devices • Everything’s a library! @amirmc

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